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<meta name="keywords" content="C4722273, disease or syndrome, dwarfism of sindh, ghrhr, growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type iv, ighd1b, formerly, ighd4, isolated growth hormone deficiency, type 4, isolated growth hormone deficiency, type ib, isolated growth hormone deficiency, type ib, formerly, isolated growth hormone deficiency, type iv, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Isolated growth hormone deficiency type IV (IGHD4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early and severe growth failure (height SDS up to -7.4), a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to different provocation tests and low insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1; 147440) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3; 146732) concentrations, and a good response to growth hormone treatment (summary by Alatzoglou et al., 2014).&#13; For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of IGHD, see 262400." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type 4 (Concept Id: C4722273)
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<!--
UID=1648300
ConceptID=C4722273
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type 4<span class="h1sub">(IGHD4; IGHD1B, FORMERLY)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648300</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4722273</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>DWARFISM OF SINDH; ISOLATED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY, TYPE IV</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="GHRHR - ID: 2692 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2692" class="medgenPMinfo">GHRHR</a> (7p14.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0032567" target="_blank">MONDO:0032567</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/618157" target="_blank">618157</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Isolated growth hormone deficiency type IV (IGHD4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early and severe growth failure (height SDS up to -7.4), a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to different provocation tests and low insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1; 147440) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3; 146732) concentrations, and a good response to growth hormone treatment (summary by Alatzoglou et al., 2014).&#13; For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of IGHD, see 262400. [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3931"><div><strong>Severe short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3931</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3931">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Severe%20short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203931%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347950"><div><strong>Anterior pituitary hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859775</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347950">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anterior%20pituitary%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347950%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_108148"><div><strong>Delayed skeletal maturation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108148</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0541764</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108148">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20skeletal%20maturation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20108148%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892792"><div><strong>Decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892792</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4072897</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduced level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the blood circulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892792">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20serum%20insulin-like%20growth%20factor%201%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892792%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1374054"><div><strong>Impaired growth-hormone response to insulin stimulation test</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1374054</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476958</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure of growth hormone levels to respond adequately (by increasing) to the insulin tolerance test (ITT).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1374054">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Impaired%20growth-hormone%20response%20to%20insulin%20stimulation%20test%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201374054%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1784655"><div><strong>Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784655</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5539399</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784655">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20response%20to%20growth%20hormone%20stimulation%20test%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201784655%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1784655" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892792" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1374054" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Impaired growth-hormone response to insulin stimulation test</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_108148" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed skeletal maturation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347950" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anterior pituitary hypoplasia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3931" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31760824">AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuen KCJ,
Biller BMK,
Radovick S,
Carmichael JD,
Jasim S,
Pantalone KM,
Hoffman AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Pract</span>
2019 Nov;25(11):1191-1232.
doi: 10.4158/GL-2019-0405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31760824" target="_blank">31760824</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9625361">Effect of growth hormone treatment on insulin action in adipocytes from children with Prader-Willi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kamel A,
Norgren S,
Lindgren AC,
Luthman H,
Arner P,
Marcus C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
1998 May;138(5):510-6.
doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1380510.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9625361" target="_blank">9625361</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7389741">Anthropometric measurements in patients with growth hormone deficiency before treatment with human growth hormone.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zachmann M,
Fernandez F,
Tassinari D,
Thakker R,
Prader A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
1980 May;133(3):277-82.
doi: 10.1007/BF00496089.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7389741" target="_blank">7389741</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33611620">Prevalence of brain MRI findings in children with nonacquired growth hormone deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hwang J,
Jo SW,
Kwon EB,
Lee SA,
Chang SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroradiology</span>
2021 Jul;63(7):1121-1133.
Epub 2021 Feb 20
doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02665-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33611620" target="_blank">33611620</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32857339">Identification of a novel immune prognostic model in gastric cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
He X,
Fan L,
Zhang X,
Xu Y,
Xu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Transl Oncol</span>
2021 Apr;23(4):846-855.
Epub 2020 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02478-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32857339" target="_blank">32857339</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31760824">AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuen KCJ,
Biller BMK,
Radovick S,
Carmichael JD,
Jasim S,
Pantalone KM,
Hoffman AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Pract</span>
2019 Nov;25(11):1191-1232.
doi: 10.4158/GL-2019-0405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31760824" target="_blank">31760824</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22016154">Growth hormone (GH-1) gene deletions in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Desai MP,
Mithbawkar SM,
Upadhye PS,
Shalia KK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
2012 Jul;79(7):875-83.
Epub 2011 Oct 21
doi: 10.1007/s12098-011-0588-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22016154" target="_blank">22016154</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17965963">Isolated growth hormone deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hernández LM,
Lee PD,
Camacho-Hübner C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pituitary</span>
2007;10(4):351-7.
doi: 10.1007/s11102-007-0073-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17965963" target="_blank">17965963</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (38)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31760824">AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuen KCJ,
Biller BMK,
Radovick S,
Carmichael JD,
Jasim S,
Pantalone KM,
Hoffman AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Pract</span>
2019 Nov;25(11):1191-1232.
doi: 10.4158/GL-2019-0405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31760824" target="_blank">31760824</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26578640">MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Novel genetic causes of short stature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wit JM,
Oostdijk W,
Losekoot M,
van Duyvenvoorde HA,
Ruivenkamp CA,
Kant SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
2016 Apr;174(4):R145-73.
Epub 2015 Nov 17
doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0937.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26578640" target="_blank">26578640</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20051527">Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheng SY,
Leonard JL,
Davis PJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Rev</span>
2010 Apr;31(2):139-70.
Epub 2010 Jan 5
doi: 10.1210/er.2009-0007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20051527" target="_blank">20051527</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2852208" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17965963">Isolated growth hormone deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hernández LM,
Lee PD,
Camacho-Hübner C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pituitary</span>
2007;10(4):351-7.
doi: 10.1007/s11102-007-0073-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17965963" target="_blank">17965963</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12424435">GH Gene Deletions and IGHD type IA.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moseley CT,
Orenstein MD,
Phillips JA 3rd</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Endocr Metab Disord</span>
2002 Dec;3(4):339-46.
doi: 10.1023/a:1020953608174.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12424435" target="_blank">12424435</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (46)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36001954">Can GH Therapy Worsen a Clinically Silent Chiari Malformation? A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Candela E,
La Corte E,
Zucchini S,
Lefosse M,
Toni F,
Zucchelli M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Res Paediatr</span>
2023;96(4):349-355.
Epub 2022 Aug 24
doi: 10.1159/000526617.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36001954" target="_blank">36001954</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35770839">The response to growth hormone treatment in a child with short stature, growth hormone deficiency and autosomal dominant cutis laxa type 3 - case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iancu ME,
Albu AI,
Albu DN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 Sep 27;35(9):1211-1214.
Epub 2022 Jul 1
doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0054.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35770839" target="_blank">35770839</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30678423">Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Type 2 due to a novel GH1 Mutation: A Case Report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kautsar A,
Wit JM,
Pulungan A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol</span>
2019 Nov 22;11(4):426-431.
Epub 2019 Jan 25
doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2018.0305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30678423" target="_blank">30678423</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6878336" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20730514">Cardiac function in growth hormone deficient patients before and after 1 year with replacement therapy: a magnetic resonance imaging study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Andreassen M,
Faber J,
Kjaer A,
Petersen CL,
Kristensen LØ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pituitary</span>
2011 Mar;14(1):1-10.
doi: 10.1007/s11102-010-0250-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20730514" target="_blank">20730514</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18220691">Ghrelin regulates insulin release and glycemia: physiological role and therapeutic potential.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yada T,
Dezaki K,
Sone H,
Koizumi M,
Damdindorj B,
Nakata M,
Kakei M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diabetes Rev</span>
2008 Feb;4(1):18-23.
doi: 10.2174/157339908783502352.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18220691" target="_blank">18220691</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (33)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39562420">Genetic variations, clinical presentation and treatment outcome of isolated growth hormone deficiency type I and II: case series and review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li R,
Yang Y,
Bao X,
Chen M,
Yang H,
Gong F,
Du H,
Pan H,
Zhu H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrine</span>
2025 Mar;87(3):1171-1181.
Epub 2024 Nov 19
doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-04102-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39562420" target="_blank">39562420</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32936763">Different Growth Responses to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Three Siblings with Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Type 1A due to a 6.7Kb Deletion in the GH1 Gene.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ghosh S,
Chakraborty PP,
Bankura B,
Maiti A,
Biswas R,
Das M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol</span>
2021 Nov 25;13(4):456-460.
Epub 2020 Sep 17
doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32936763" target="_blank">32936763</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8638633" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32857339">Identification of a novel immune prognostic model in gastric cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
He X,
Fan L,
Zhang X,
Xu Y,
Xu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Transl Oncol</span>
2021 Apr;23(4):846-855.
Epub 2020 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02478-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32857339" target="_blank">32857339</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33567442">Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: The Efficacy of Glucagon versus Clonidine Stimulation Test.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yackobovitch-Gavan M,
Lazar L,
Diamant R,
Phillip M,
Oron T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Res Paediatr</span>
2020;93(7-8):470-476.
Epub 2021 Feb 10
doi: 10.1159/000513393.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33567442" target="_blank">33567442</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15671105">Isolated autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency: an evolving pituitary deficit? A multicenter follow-up study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mullis PE,
Robinson IC,
Salemi S,
Eblé A,
Besson A,
Vuissoz JM,
Deladoey J,
Simon D,
Czernichow P,
Binder G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2005 Apr;90(4):2089-96.
Epub 2005 Jan 25
doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1280.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15671105" target="_blank">15671105</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34470639">Isolated growth hormone deficiency type IA due to a novel GH1 variant: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang X,
Yuan M,
Li Z,
Ying Y,
Hou L,
Luo X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genomics</span>
2021 Sep 2;14(1):210.
doi: 10.1186/s12920-021-01057-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34470639" target="_blank">34470639</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8411534" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32857339">Identification of a novel immune prognostic model in gastric cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
He X,
Fan L,
Zhang X,
Xu Y,
Xu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Transl Oncol</span>
2021 Apr;23(4):846-855.
Epub 2020 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02478-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32857339" target="_blank">32857339</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33567442">Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: The Efficacy of Glucagon versus Clonidine Stimulation Test.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yackobovitch-Gavan M,
Lazar L,
Diamant R,
Phillip M,
Oron T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Res Paediatr</span>
2020;93(7-8):470-476.
Epub 2021 Feb 10
doi: 10.1159/000513393.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33567442" target="_blank">33567442</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31760824">AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS AND PATIENTS TRANSITIONING FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuen KCJ,
Biller BMK,
Radovick S,
Carmichael JD,
Jasim S,
Pantalone KM,
Hoffman AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Pract</span>
2019 Nov;25(11):1191-1232.
doi: 10.4158/GL-2019-0405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31760824" target="_blank">31760824</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6384257">Isolated growth hormone deficiency: immunocytochemistry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schechter J,
Kovacs K,
Rimoin D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
1984 Oct;59(4):798-800.
doi: 10.1210/jcem-59-4-798.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6384257" target="_blank">6384257</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (46)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36001954">Can GH Therapy Worsen a Clinically Silent Chiari Malformation? A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Candela E,
La Corte E,
Zucchini S,
Lefosse M,
Toni F,
Zucchelli M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Res Paediatr</span>
2023;96(4):349-355.
Epub 2022 Aug 24
doi: 10.1159/000526617.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36001954" target="_blank">36001954</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33611620">Prevalence of brain MRI findings in children with nonacquired growth hormone deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hwang J,
Jo SW,
Kwon EB,
Lee SA,
Chang SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroradiology</span>
2021 Jul;63(7):1121-1133.
Epub 2021 Feb 20
doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02665-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33611620" target="_blank">33611620</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Isolated%20growth%20hormone%20deficiency%2C%20type%204%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4722273%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (4)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4722273%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (6)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4722273%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
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