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<meta name="keywords" content="C4551495, arhr, arhr1, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets caused by mutation in dmp1, disease or syndrome, dmp1, dmp1 autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, hypophosphatemia, autosomal recessive, hypophosphatemic rickets, ar, hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 1, hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, type 1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets is a disorder related to low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia). Phosphate is a mineral that is essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth.\n\nIn most cases, the signs and symptoms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets begin in early childhood. The features of the disorder vary widely, even among affected members of the same family. Mildly affected individuals may have hypophosphatemia without other signs and symptoms. More severely affected children experience slow growth and are shorter than their peers. They develop bone abnormalities that can interfere with movement and cause bone pain. The most noticeable of these abnormalities are bowed legs or knock knees. These abnormalities become apparent with weight-bearing activities such as walking. If untreated, they tend to worsen with time.\n\nOther signs and symptoms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets can include premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis) and dental abnormalities. The disorder may also cause abnormal bone growth where ligaments and tendons attach to joints (enthesopathy). In adults, hypophosphatemia is characterized by a softening of the bones known as osteomalacia.\n\nResearchers have described several forms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, which are distinguished by their pattern of inheritance and genetic cause. The most common form of the disorder is known as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). It has an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive forms of the disorder are much rarer.\n\nAnother rare type of the disorder is known as hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). In addition to hypophosphatemia, this condition is characterized by the excretion of high levels of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 1 (Concept Id: C4551495)
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 1<span class="h1sub">(ARHR1)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632314</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4551495</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>ARHR1; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="DMP1 - ID: 1758 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/1758" class="medgenPMinfo">DMP1</a> (4q22.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0009430" target="_blank">MONDO:0009430</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/241520" target="_blank">241520</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets is a disorder related to low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia). Phosphate is a mineral that is essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth.<br /><br />In most cases, the signs and symptoms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets begin in early childhood. The features of the disorder vary widely, even among affected members of the same family. Mildly affected individuals may have hypophosphatemia without other signs and symptoms. More severely affected children experience slow growth and are shorter than their peers. They develop bone abnormalities that can interfere with movement and cause bone pain. The most noticeable of these abnormalities are bowed legs or knock knees. These abnormalities become apparent with weight-bearing activities such as walking. If untreated, they tend to worsen with time.<br /><br />Other signs and symptoms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets can include premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis) and dental abnormalities. The disorder may also cause abnormal bone growth where ligaments and tendons attach to joints (enthesopathy). In adults, hypophosphatemia is characterized by a softening of the bones known as osteomalacia.<br /><br />Researchers have described several forms of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, which are distinguished by their pattern of inheritance and genetic cause. The most common form of the disorder is known as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). It has an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive forms of the disorder are much rarer.<br /><br />Another rare type of the disorder is known as hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). In addition to hypophosphatemia, this condition is characterized by the excretion of high levels of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria). [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9164"><div><strong>Sensorineural hearing loss disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9164</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018784</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9164">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sensorineural%20hearing%20loss%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209164%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1163"><div><strong>Craniosynostosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1163</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010278</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1163">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Craniosynostosis%20syndrome%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201163%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10502"><div><strong>Increased bone mineral density</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10502</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal increase of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones which is often referred to as osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis can be detected on radiological examination as an increased whiteness (density) of affected bones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10502">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20bone%20mineral%20density%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010502%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48470"><div><strong>Rickets</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48470</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rickets is divided into two major categories including calcipenic and phosphopenic. Hypophosphatemia is described as a common manifestation of both categories. Hypophosphatemic rickets is the most common type of rickets that is characterized by low levels of serum phosphate, resistance to ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D intake. There are several issues involved in hypophosphatemic rickets such as calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus deficiencies. Moreover, other disorder can be associated with its occurrence such as absorption defects due to pancreatic, intestinal, gastric, and renal disorders and hepatobiliary disease. Symptoms are usually seen in childhood and can be varied in severity. Severe forms may be linked to bowing of the legs, poor bone growth, and short stature as well as joint and bone pain. Hypophosphatemic rickets are associated with renal excretion of phosphate, hypophosphatemia, and mineral defects in bones. The familial type of the disease is the most common type of rickets.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48470">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rickets%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048470%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_309957"><div><strong>Hypophosphatemic rickets</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>309957</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1704375</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rickets due to low serum phosphate concentrations, the cause of which can be nutritional or genetic. This condition is characterized by normal parathyroid hormone concentrations, usually caused by renal phosphate wasting occurring in isolation or as part of a renal tubular disorder, and characterized by resistance to treatment with ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/309957">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypophosphatemic%20rickets%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20309957%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39327"><div><strong>Hypophosphatemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39327</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085682</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39327">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypophosphatemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039327%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39327" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypophosphatemia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1163" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Craniosynostosis syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_309957" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10502" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased bone mineral density</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48470" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rickets</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9164" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sensorineural hearing loss disorder</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0035579[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=48470">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=48470" ref="ncbi_uid=48470">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/48470" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=48470&amp;link_uid=48470" title="View MedGen record for 'Rickets'">Rickets</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/927864" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=927864&amp;link_uid=927864" title="View MedGen record for 'Hypocalcemic rickets'">Hypocalcemic rickets</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1704375[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=309957">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=309957" ref="ncbi_uid=309957">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/309957" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=309957&amp;link_uid=309957" title="View MedGen record for 'Hypophosphatemic rickets'">Hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/980781" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=980781&amp;link_uid=980781" title="View MedGen record for 'Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets'">Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342642[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=83346">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342642[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=83346">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=83346" target="_blank" href="/omim/193100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=83346" ref="ncbi_uid=83346">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83346" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=83346&amp;link_uid=83346" title="View MedGen record for 'Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets'">Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0733682[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=196551">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=196551" target="_blank" href="/omim/300550">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK83985/" ref="ncbi_uid=196551">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=196551" ref="ncbi_uid=196551">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/196551" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=196551&amp;link_uid=196551" title="View MedGen record for 'Familial X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D refractory rickets'">Familial X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D refractory rickets</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551495[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1632314">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1632314" target="_blank" href="/omim/241520">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1632314" ref="ncbi_uid=1632314">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 1</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2750078[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=442380">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=442380" target="_blank" href="/omim/173335">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=442380" ref="ncbi_uid=442380">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/442380" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=442380&amp;link_uid=442380" title="View MedGen record for 'Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 2'">Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1845168[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=335115">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1845168[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=335115">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=335115" target="_blank" href="/omim/300008">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=335115" ref="ncbi_uid=335115">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335115" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=335115&amp;link_uid=335115" title="View MedGen record for 'Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive'">Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0221468[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=526251">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=526251" ref="ncbi_uid=526251">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/526251" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=526251&amp;link_uid=526251" title="View MedGen record for 'Vitamin D-dependent rickets'">Vitamin D-dependent rickets</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1701080" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration">Abnormal circulating metabolite concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/312393" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal blood ion concentration">Abnormal blood ion concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867643" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal blood phosphate concentration">Abnormal blood phosphate concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/39327" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypophosphatemia">Hypophosphatemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/309957" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypophosphatemic rickets">Hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/980781" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets">Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive, 1</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38365697">Clinical, genetic profile and therapy evaluation of 11 Chinese pediatric patients with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Du T,
Xia Y,
Sun C,
Gong Z,
Liang L,
Gong Z,
Wang R,
Lu D,
Zhang K,
Yang Y,
Sun Y,
Sun M,
Sun Y,
Xiao B,
Qiu W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2024 Feb 16;19(1):75.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-024-03070-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38365697" target="_blank">38365697</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10874070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35600579">Benefits of Newborn Screening for Vitamin D-Dependant Rickets Type 1A in a Founder Population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fortin CA,
Girard L,
Bonenfant C,
Leblanc J,
Cruz-Marino T,
Blackburn ME,
Desmeules M,
Bouchard L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2022;13:887371.
Epub 2022 May 6
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.887371.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35600579" target="_blank">35600579</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9120640" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25443793">Diagnosis and treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia in Japan.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nakamura K,
Matsumoto S,
Mitsubuchi H,
Endo F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Int</span>
2015;57(1):37-40.
doi: 10.1111/ped.12550.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25443793" target="_blank">25443793</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36334264">The First Compound Heterozygous Mutations of DMP1 Causing Rare Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ni X,
Gong Y,
Jiang Y,
Li X,
Pang Q,
Liu W,
Chi Y,
Jiajue R,
Wang O,
Li M,
Xing X,
Xia W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2023 Mar 10;108(4):791-801.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac640.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36334264" target="_blank">36334264</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36334264">The First Compound Heterozygous Mutations of DMP1 Causing Rare Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ni X,
Gong Y,
Jiang Y,
Li X,
Pang Q,
Liu W,
Chi Y,
Jiajue R,
Wang O,
Li M,
Xing X,
Xia W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2023 Mar 10;108(4):791-801.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac640.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36334264" target="_blank">36334264</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36150100">ENPP1 deficiency: A clinical update on the relevance of individual variants using a locus-specific patient database.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mercurio SA,
Chunn LM,
Khursigara G,
Nester C,
Wray K,
Botschen U,
Kiel MJ,
Rutsch F,
Ferreira CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2022 Dec;43(12):1673-1705.
Epub 2022 Oct 8
doi: 10.1002/humu.24477.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36150100" target="_blank">36150100</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35966073">Case Report and Review of Literature: Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 2 Caused by a Pathogenic Variant in ENPP1 Gene.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choe Y,
Shin CH,
Lee YA,
Kim MJ,
Lee YJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2022;13:911672.
Epub 2022 Jul 29
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.911672.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35966073" target="_blank">35966073</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9374118" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35899574">Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2; a novel mutation in the ENPP1 gene.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bitkin EÇ,
Aymelek HS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Turk J Pediatr</span>
2022;64(3):585-591.
doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.829.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35899574" target="_blank">35899574</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24216977">Hearing loss is part of the clinical picture of ENPP1 loss of function mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brachet C,
Mansbach AL,
Clerckx A,
Deltenre P,
Heinrichs C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Horm Res Paediatr</span>
2014;81(1):63-6.
Epub 2013 Nov 6
doi: 10.1159/000354661.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24216977" target="_blank">24216977</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35896139">Burosumab Treatment for Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1 (ARHR1).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bai X,
Levental M,
Karaplis AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 Sep 28;107(10):2777-2783.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35896139" target="_blank">35896139</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9516063" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35340077">Identification of ENPP1 Haploinsufficiency in Patients With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Early-Onset Osteoporosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kato H,
Ansh AJ,
Lester ER,
Kinoshita Y,
Hidaka N,
Hoshino Y,
Koga M,
Taniguchi Y,
Uchida T,
Yamaguchi H,
Niida Y,
Nakazato M,
Nangaku M,
Makita N,
Takamura T,
Saito T,
Braddock DT,
Ito N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Miner Res</span>
2022 Jun;37(6):1125-1135.
Epub 2022 Apr 11
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4550.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35340077" target="_blank">35340077</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9177665" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35340077">Identification of ENPP1 Haploinsufficiency in Patients With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Early-Onset Osteoporosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kato H,
Ansh AJ,
Lester ER,
Kinoshita Y,
Hidaka N,
Hoshino Y,
Koga M,
Taniguchi Y,
Uchida T,
Yamaguchi H,
Niida Y,
Nakazato M,
Nangaku M,
Makita N,
Takamura T,
Saito T,
Braddock DT,
Ito N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Miner Res</span>
2022 Jun;37(6):1125-1135.
Epub 2022 Apr 11
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4550.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35340077" target="_blank">35340077</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9177665" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4551495%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (17)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4551495%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (26)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4551495%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (4)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4551495%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (28)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hypophosphatemic%20rickets%2C%20autosomal%20recessive%2C%201)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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