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<meta name="keywords" content="C4540367, disease or syndrome, exosc2, retinitis pigmentosa-deafness-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa-hearing loss-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome, short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies, shrf, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="SHRF is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features, hearing loss, and visual impairment. Onset of the hearing and visual abnormalities, including retinitis pigmentosa, varies from birth to the second decade. Patients have mild intellectual disability and mild cerebellar atrophy with myelination defects on brain imaging (summary by Di Donato et al., 2016)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Retinitis pigmentosa-hearing loss-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome (Concept Id: C4540367)
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<!--
UID=1615526
ConceptID=C4540367
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Retinitis pigmentosa-hearing loss-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome<span class="h1sub">(SHRF)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1615526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4540367</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="EXOSC2 - ID: 23404 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/23404" class="medgenPMinfo">EXOSC2</a> (9q34.12)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0044634" target="_blank">MONDO:0044634</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/617763" target="_blank">617763</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=494439">ORPHA494439</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">SHRF is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features, hearing loss, and visual impairment. Onset of the hearing and visual abnormalities, including retinitis pigmentosa, varies from birth to the second decade. Patients have mild intellectual disability and mild cerebellar atrophy with myelination defects on brain imaging (summary by Di Donato et al., 2016). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67454"><div><strong>Brachydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221357</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67454">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067454%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140880"><div><strong>Broad thumb</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140880</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426891</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140880">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20thumb%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140880%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342551"><div><strong>Broad distal phalanx of finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342551</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally wide (broad) distal phalanx of finger.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342551">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20distal%20phalanx%20of%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342551%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6969"><div><strong>Hypertensive disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6969</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020538</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6969">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertensive%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206969%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87607"><div><strong>Short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96566"><div><strong>Posteriorly rotated ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96566">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posteriorly%20rotated%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096566%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10044"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, mild</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10044</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10044">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20mild%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010044%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_120578"><div><strong>Cerebellar hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120578</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266470</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120578">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20120578%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_381392"><div><strong>Motor delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381392">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20381392%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868477"><div><strong>Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid accumulation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868477</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022871</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868477">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Extra-axial%20cerebrospinal%20fluid%20accumulation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868477%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1646740"><div><strong>Cerebral cortical atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646740</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551583</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646740">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20cortical%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201646740%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_234651"><div><strong>Basal ganglia calcification</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>234651</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1389280</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of calcium deposition affecting one or more structures of the basal ganglia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/234651">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Basal%20ganglia%20calcification%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20234651%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78105"><div><strong>Concave nasal ridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78105</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0264169</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nasal ridge curving posteriorly to an imaginary line that connects the nasal root and tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78105">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Concave%20nasal%20ridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078105%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98390"><div><strong>Upslanted palpebral fissure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98390</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423109</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98390">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Upslanted%20palpebral%20fissure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098390%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98067"><div><strong>Short palpebral fissure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98067</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423112</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98067">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20palpebral%20fissure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098067%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98424"><div><strong>Broad nasal tip</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98424</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426429</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increase in width of the nasal tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98424">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20nasal%20tip%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098424%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373291"><div><strong>Prominent forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341506"><div><strong>Wide nasal base</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341506</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased distance between the attachments of the alae nasi to the face.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341506">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20nasal%20base%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341506%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_376932"><div><strong>Broad columella</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376932</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1851059</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased width of the columella.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376932">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20columella%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20376932%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351278"><div><strong>Long philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351278</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351278">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351278%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341830"><div><strong>Progeroid facial appearance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341830</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of wrinkling of the facial skin that is more than expected for the age of the individual, leading to a prematurely aged appearance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341830">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Progeroid%20facial%20appearance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341830%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_350774"><div><strong>Patchy alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350774</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Transient, non-scarring hair loss and preservation of the hair follicle located in in well-defined patches.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350774">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Patchy%20alopecia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20350774%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1790211"><div><strong>Sparse hair</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1790211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5551005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced density of hairs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1790211">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sparse%20hair%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201790211%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6991"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Deficiency of thyroid hormone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6991">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypothyroidism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206991%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3619"><div><strong>Corneal dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3619</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010036</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term corneal dystrophy embraces a heterogenous group of bilateral genetically determined non-inflammatory corneal diseases that are restricted to the cornea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3619">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corneal%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203619%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42224"><div><strong>Glaucoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42224</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017601</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42224">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Glaucoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042224%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44558"><div><strong>Myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44558</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027092</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44558">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044558%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10349"><div><strong>Night blindness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10349</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inability to see well at night or in poor light.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10349">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Night%20blindness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010349%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78759"><div><strong>High myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0271183</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78759">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078759%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473112"><div><strong>Deeply set eye</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deeply%20set%20eye%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1632921"><div><strong>Rod-cone dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632921</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inherited retinal disease subtype in which the rod photoreceptors appear to be more severely affected than the cone photoreceptors. Typical presentation is with nyctalopia (due to rod dysfunction) followed by loss of mid-peripheral field of vision, which gradually extends and leaves many patients with a small central island of vision due to the preservation of macular cones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1632921">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rod-cone%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201632921%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_376932" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad columella</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98424" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad nasal tip</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78105" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Concave nasal ridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351278" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98067" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short palpebral fissure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98390" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Upslanted palpebral fissure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341506" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide nasal base</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342551" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad distal phalanx of finger</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140880" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad thumb</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6969" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertensive disorder</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3619" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corneal dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deeply set eye</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42224" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glaucoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High myopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44558" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10349" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Night blindness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1632921" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rod-cone dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_350774" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Patchy alopecia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341830" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progeroid facial appearance</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1790211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sparse hair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_234651" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Basal ganglia calcification</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_120578" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1646740" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral cortical atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868477" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid accumulation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10044" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, mild</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_381392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor delay</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posteriorly rotated ears</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4540367[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1615526">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1615526" target="_blank" href="/omim/602238">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1615526" ref="ncbi_uid=1615526">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Retinitis pigmentosa-hearing loss-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842270" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Malformation syndrome with short stature">Malformation syndrome with short stature</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Retinitis pigmentosa-hearing loss-premature aging-short stature-facial dysmorphism syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36803942">Joubert syndrome: Molecular basis and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spahiu L,
Behluli E,
Grajçevci-Uka V,
Liehr T,
Temaj G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mother Child</span>
2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123.
Epub 2023 Feb 22
doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36803942" target="_blank">36803942</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10032320" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238134">Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gana S,
Serpieri V,
Valente EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2022 Mar;190(1):72-88.
Epub 2022 Mar 3
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238134" target="_blank">35238134</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9314610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26750748">Peroxisome biogenesis disorders in the Zellweger spectrum: An overview of current diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Braverman NE,
Raymond GV,
Rizzo WB,
Moser AB,
Wilkinson ME,
Stone EM,
Steinberg SJ,
Wangler MF,
Rush ET,
Hacia JG,
Bose M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2016 Mar;117(3):313-21.
Epub 2015 Dec 23
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26750748" target="_blank">26750748</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5214431" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (118)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36460718">Genetic epidemiology of inherited retinal diseases in a large patient cohort followed at a single center in Italy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karali M,
Testa F,
Di Iorio V,
Torella A,
Zeuli R,
Scarpato M,
Romano F,
Onore ME,
Pizzo M,
Melillo P,
Brunetti-Pierri R,
Passerini I,
Pelo E,
Cremers FPM,
Esposito G,
Nigro V,
Simonelli F,
Banfi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2022 Dec 2;12(1):20815.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24636-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36460718" target="_blank">36460718</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9718770" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238134">Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gana S,
Serpieri V,
Valente EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2022 Mar;190(1):72-88.
Epub 2022 Mar 3
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238134" target="_blank">35238134</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9314610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33039432">Ciliopathies and the Kidney: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McConnachie DJ,
Stow JL,
Mallett AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2021 Mar;77(3):410-419.
Epub 2020 Oct 9
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.08.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33039432" target="_blank">33039432</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32675063">USH2A variants in Chinese patients with Usher syndrome type II and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhu T,
Chen DF,
Wang L,
Wu S,
Wei X,
Li H,
Jin ZB,
Sui R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Ophthalmol</span>
2021 May;105(5):694-703.
Epub 2020 Jul 16
doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315786.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32675063" target="_blank">32675063</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26092869">Joubert syndrome: a model for untangling recessive disorders with extreme genetic heterogeneity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bachmann-Gagescu R,
Dempsey JC,
Phelps IG,
O'Roak BJ,
Knutzen DM,
Rue TC,
Ishak GE,
Isabella CR,
Gorden N,
Adkins J,
Boyle EA,
de Lacy N,
O'Day D,
Alswaid A,
Ramadevi A R,
Lingappa L,
Lourenço C,
Martorell L,
Garcia-Cazorla À,
Ozyürek H,
Haliloğlu G,
Tuysuz B,
Topçu M;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Chance P,
Parisi MA,
Glass IA,
Shendure J,
Doherty D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2015 Aug;52(8):514-22.
Epub 2015 Jun 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26092869" target="_blank">26092869</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5082428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1086)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36803942">Joubert syndrome: Molecular basis and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spahiu L,
Behluli E,
Grajçevci-Uka V,
Liehr T,
Temaj G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mother Child</span>
2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123.
Epub 2023 Feb 22
doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36803942" target="_blank">36803942</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10032320" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238134">Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gana S,
Serpieri V,
Valente EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2022 Mar;190(1):72-88.
Epub 2022 Mar 3
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238134" target="_blank">35238134</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9314610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28604212">Joubert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Crawford D,
Dearmun A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nurs Child Young People</span>
2017 Jun 12;29(5):15.
doi: 10.7748/ncyp.29.5.15.s19.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28604212" target="_blank">28604212</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26092869">Joubert syndrome: a model for untangling recessive disorders with extreme genetic heterogeneity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bachmann-Gagescu R,
Dempsey JC,
Phelps IG,
O'Roak BJ,
Knutzen DM,
Rue TC,
Ishak GE,
Isabella CR,
Gorden N,
Adkins J,
Boyle EA,
de Lacy N,
O'Day D,
Alswaid A,
Ramadevi A R,
Lingappa L,
Lourenço C,
Martorell L,
Garcia-Cazorla À,
Ozyürek H,
Haliloğlu G,
Tuysuz B,
Topçu M;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Chance P,
Parisi MA,
Glass IA,
Shendure J,
Doherty D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2015 Aug;52(8):514-22.
Epub 2015 Jun 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26092869" target="_blank">26092869</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5082428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1595429">Walker-Warburg syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rhodes RE,
Hatten HP Jr,
Ellington KS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
1992 Jan-Feb;13(1):123-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1595429" target="_blank">1595429</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8331786" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2372)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34948090">The Study of a 231 French Patient Cohort Significantly Extends the Mutational Spectrum of the Two Major Usher Genes MYO7A and USH2A.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mansard L,
Baux D,
Vaché C,
Blanchet C,
Meunier I,
Willems M,
Faugère V,
Baudoin C,
Moclyn M,
Bianchi J,
Dollfus H,
Gilbert-Dussardier B,
Dupin-Deguine D,
Bonneau D,
Drumare I,
Odent S,
Zanlonghi X,
Claustres M,
Koenig M,
Kalatzis V,
Roux AF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2021 Dec 10;22(24)
doi: 10.3390/ijms222413294.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34948090" target="_blank">34948090</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8703989" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32726184">Evaluation of disease activity in uveoretinitis associated with Behçet's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keino H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Immunol Med</span>
2021 Jun;44(2):86-97.
Epub 2020 Jul 29
doi: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1800244.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32726184" target="_blank">32726184</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16959034">CHARGE syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blake KD,
Prasad C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Sep 7;1:34.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-34.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16959034" target="_blank">16959034</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1586184" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15495266">Cilia-related diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Afzelius BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pathol</span>
2004 Nov;204(4):470-7.
doi: 10.1002/path.1652.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15495266" target="_blank">15495266</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7167937" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9125768">Reticulate hyperpigmentation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schnur RE,
Heymann WR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Cutan Med Surg</span>
1997 Mar;16(1):72-80.
doi: 10.1016/s1085-5629(97)80038-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9125768" target="_blank">9125768</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (267)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39004457">Alport Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chavez E,
Goncalves S,
Rheault MN,
Fornoni A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Kidney Dis Health</span>
2024 May;31(3):170-179.
doi: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39004457" target="_blank">39004457</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35238134">Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gana S,
Serpieri V,
Valente EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2022 Mar;190(1):72-88.
Epub 2022 Mar 3
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35238134" target="_blank">35238134</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9314610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33168220">Dandy-Walker Malformation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM),
Monteagudo A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2020 Dec;223(6):B38-B41.
Epub 2020 Nov 7
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.184.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33168220" target="_blank">33168220</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31787158">Polydactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine,
Rac MWF,
McKinney J,
Gandhi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2019 Dec;221(6):B13-B15.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31787158" target="_blank">31787158</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15763202">Retinal vascular tumors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh AD,
Rundle PA,
Rennie I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmol Clin North Am</span>
2005 Mar;18(1):167-76, x.
doi: 10.1016/j.ohc.2004.07.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15763202" target="_blank">15763202</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (671)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37643031">NOVEL RETINAL IMAGING ABNORMALITIES IN ALPORT SYNDROME.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jadon T,
Sadda S,
Singh G,
Narayan P,
Chhablani J,
Venkatesh P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Retin Cases Brief Rep</span>
2023 Sep 1;17(5):499-503.
doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001265.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37643031" target="_blank">37643031</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36580738">Clinical and genetic spectrum from a prototype of ciliopathy: Joubert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aksu Uzunhan T,
Ertürk B,
Aydın K,
Ayaz A,
Altunoğlu U,
Yarar MH,
Gezdirici A,
İçağasıoğlu DF,
Gökpınar İli E,
Uyanık B,
Eser M,
Kutbay YB,
Topçu Y,
Kılıç B,
Bektaş G,
Arduç Akçay A,
Ekici B,
Chousein A,
Avcı Ş,
Yüksel A,
Kayserili H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neurol Neurosurg</span>
2023 Jan;224:107560.
Epub 2022 Dec 13
doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107560.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36580738" target="_blank">36580738</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32726184">Evaluation of disease activity in uveoretinitis associated with Behçet's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keino H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Immunol Med</span>
2021 Jun;44(2):86-97.
Epub 2020 Jul 29
doi: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1800244.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32726184" target="_blank">32726184</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27533644">RETINAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel KH,
Kalevar A,
McDonald HR,
Johnson RN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Retin Cases Brief Rep</span>
2017 Winter;11 Suppl 1:S11-S13.
doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000384.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27533644" target="_blank">27533644</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26092869">Joubert syndrome: a model for untangling recessive disorders with extreme genetic heterogeneity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bachmann-Gagescu R,
Dempsey JC,
Phelps IG,
O'Roak BJ,
Knutzen DM,
Rue TC,
Ishak GE,
Isabella CR,
Gorden N,
Adkins J,
Boyle EA,
de Lacy N,
O'Day D,
Alswaid A,
Ramadevi A R,
Lingappa L,
Lourenço C,
Martorell L,
Garcia-Cazorla À,
Ozyürek H,
Haliloğlu G,
Tuysuz B,
Topçu M;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Chance P,
Parisi MA,
Glass IA,
Shendure J,
Doherty D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2015 Aug;52(8):514-22.
Epub 2015 Jun 19
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26092869" target="_blank">26092869</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5082428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (928)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38016437">The p.C759F Variant in USH2A Is a Pathogenic Mutation: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of 667 Genotypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Han JH,
Cancellieri F,
Perea-Romero I,
Ayuso C,
Quinodoz M,
Rivolta C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmic Res</span>
2024;67(1):107-114.
Epub 2023 Nov 28
doi: 10.1159/000535545.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38016437" target="_blank">38016437</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37321834">Genotype-phenotype associations in Alström syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bea-Mascato B,
Valverde D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2023 Dec 21;61(1):18-26.
doi: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109175.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37321834" target="_blank">37321834</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10803979" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34773366">Ocular findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic literature review and results of a Dutch multicenter study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">von Scheibler ENMM,
van der Valk Bouman ES,
Nuijts MA,
Bauer NJC,
Berendschot TTJM,
Vermeltfoort P,
Bok LA,
van Eeghen AM,
Houben ML,
van Amelsvoort TAMJ,
Boot E,
van Egmond-Ebbeling MB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2022 Feb;188(2):569-578.
Epub 2021 Nov 12
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62556.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34773366" target="_blank">34773366</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9298823" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30591235">Neurological Complications of Congenital Zika Virus Infection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marques VM,
Santos CS,
Santiago IG,
Marques SM,
Nunes Brasil MDG,
Lima TT,
Costa PS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2019 Feb;91:3-10.
Epub 2018 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.11.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30591235" target="_blank">30591235</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30531642">Genetics of Usher Syndrome: New Insights From a Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jouret G,
Poirsier C,
Spodenkiewicz M,
Jaquin C,
Gouy E,
Arndt C,
Labrousse M,
Gaillard D,
Doco-Fenzy M,
Lebre AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otol Neurotol</span>
2019 Jan;40(1):121-129.
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002054.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30531642" target="_blank">30531642</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4540367%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (4)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4540367%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4540367%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4540367%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (5)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(retinitis%20pigmentosa-hearing%20loss-premature%20aging-short%20stature-facial%20dysmorphism%20syndrome)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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