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<meta name="keywords" content="C4022458, abnormal morphology of bones of the upper limbs, abnormal shape of bones of the upper limbs, abnormal upper limb bone morphology, abnormality of upper limb bone, anatomical abnormality, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="" /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Abnormal upper limb bone morphology (Concept Id: C4022458)
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<!--
UID=868067
ConceptID=C4022458
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abnormal upper limb bone morphology</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868067</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4022458</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Abnormal morphology of bones of the upper limbs</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0040070">HP:0040070</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Abnormal upper limb bone morphology</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/536898" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of limbs">Abnormality of limbs</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866555" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the upper limb">Abnormality of the upper limb</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abnormal upper limb bone morphology</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868061" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal forearm bone morphology">Abnormal forearm bone morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871198" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal morphology of the radius">Abnormal morphology of the radius</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868011" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal shape of the radius">Abnormal shape of the radius</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867332" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the radial head">Abnormality of the radial head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870599" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elongated radius">Elongated radius</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342004" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Madelung-like forearm deformities">Madelung-like forearm deformities</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864350" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickened cortex of the radius">Thickened cortex of the radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868062" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal morphology of ulna">Abnormal morphology of ulna</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870967" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal olecranon morphology">Abnormal olecranon morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ulnar epiphysis morphology">Abnormal ulnar epiphysis morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870961" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ulnar metaphysis morphology">Abnormal ulnar metaphysis morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/356032" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ulna">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892713" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad ulna">Broad ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338835" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dorsal subluxation of ulna">Dorsal subluxation of ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871000" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Exostoses of the ulna">Exostoses of the ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1057234" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypertrophic ulnar styloid process">Hypertrophic ulnar styloid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/376284" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Long ulna">Long ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870998" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Notched ulna">Notched ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867333" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteosclerosis of the ulna">Osteosclerosis of the ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870997" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pointed ulna">Pointed ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871001" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Posteriorly dislocated ulna">Posteriorly dislocated ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369862" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Slender ulna">Slender ulna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/356099" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ulnar bowing">Ulnar bowing</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871019" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angulated forearm bones">Angulated forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870583" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/hypoplasia involving forearm bones">Aplasia/hypoplasia involving forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867337" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent forearm bone">Absent forearm bone</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869766" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia involving forearm bones">Aplasia involving forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/411844" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871017" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bowed forearm bones">Bowed forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867336" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad forearm bones">Broad forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867465" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cortical thickening of the forearm bones">Cortical thickening of the forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1863614" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickened cortex of the ulna">Thickened cortex of the ulna</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871016" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cross-fusion of the forearm bones">Cross-fusion of the forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871015" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed forearm bones">Deformed forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871003" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed radius">Deformed radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/224924" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured forearm bone">Fractured forearm bone</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871012" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of the forearm bones">Lytic defects of the forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867464" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of the radius">Lytic defects of the radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871011" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteoporotic forearm bones">Osteoporotic forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871010" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pseudarthrosis of the forearm bones">Pseudarthrosis of the forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871002" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pseudarthrosis of the radius">Pseudarthrosis of the radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871009" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic foci in forearm bones">Sclerotic foci in forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871008" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic forearm bones">Sclerotic forearm bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868069" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteosclerosis of the radius">Osteosclerosis of the radius</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871007" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Slender forearm bones">Slender forearm bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871006" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Undermodelled forearm bones">Undermodelled forearm bones</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1381737" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humerus morphology">Abnormal humerus morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871038" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humeral diaphysis morphology">Abnormal humeral diaphysis morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871062" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal deltoid tuberosity morphology">Abnormal deltoid tuberosity morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871037" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cortical irregularity of humeral diaphysis">Cortical irregularity of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871036" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cortical thickening of humeral diaphysis">Cortical thickening of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871035" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ground glass opacity of humeral diaphysis">Ground glass opacity of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867341" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of humeral diaphysis">Lytic defects of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871032" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerosis of humeral diaphysis">Sclerosis of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871033" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic foci of humeral diaphysis">Sclerotic foci of humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871031" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Slender humeral diaphysis">Slender humeral diaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867340" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Wide humeral diaphysis">Wide humeral diaphysis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867350" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humeral epiphysis morphology">Abnormal humeral epiphysis morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871054" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the humeral epiphyseal plate">Abnormality of the humeral epiphyseal plate</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869349" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the proximal humeral epiphysis">Abnormality of the proximal humeral epiphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867348" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Delayed humeral epiphyseal ossification">Delayed humeral epiphyseal ossification</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871061" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flattened humeral epiphyses">Flattened humeral epiphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871060" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular humeral epiphyses">Irregular humeral epiphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871057" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Round humeral epiphyses">Round humeral epiphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871056" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Small humeral epiphyses">Small humeral epiphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871055" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Stippled calcification of the humeral epiphyses">Stippled calcification of the humeral epiphyses</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871063" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humeral head morphology">Abnormal humeral head morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1863928" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlarged humeral head">Enlarged humeral head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815199" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flattened humeral heads">Flattened humeral heads</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056223" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Superior displacement of the humeral head">Superior displacement of the humeral head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340755" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Varus deformity of humeral neck">Varus deformity of humeral neck</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871053" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humeral metaphysis morphology">Abnormal humeral metaphysis morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871051" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cortical subperiosteal resorption of humeral metaphyses">Cortical subperiosteal resorption of humeral metaphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867343" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlarged humeral metaphyses">Enlarged humeral metaphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892657" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flared humeral metaphysis">Flared humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871050" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Frayed humeral metaphyses">Frayed humeral metaphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867342" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral metaphyseal irregularity">Humeral metaphyseal irregularity</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871048" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of the humeral metaphysis">Lytic defects of the humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871047" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Normal-density transverse humeral bands">Normal-density transverse humeral bands</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871046" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pointed humeral metaphysis">Pointed humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871045" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic humeral metaphysis">Sclerotic humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871043" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sloping humeral metaphysis">Sloping humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871041" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spurred humeral metaphysis">Spurred humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871040" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Square humeral metaphysis">Square humeral metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871039" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Stippled calcification of humeral metaphysis">Stippled calcification of humeral metaphysis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868328" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal humeral ossification">Abnormal humeral ossification</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867349" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent humeral epiphyseal ossification">Absent humeral epiphyseal ossification</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871049" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular ossification of humeral metaphyses">Irregular ossification of humeral metaphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular ossification of the humeral epiphyses">Irregular ossification of the humeral epiphyses</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869344" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal morphology of the cortex of the humerus">Abnormal morphology of the cortex of the humerus</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871078" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral cortical irregularity">Humeral cortical irregularity</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871077" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral cortical thickening">Humeral cortical thickening</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871076" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral cortical thinning">Humeral cortical thinning</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871081" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Angulated humerus">Angulated humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870582" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/hypoplasia of the humerus">Aplasia/hypoplasia of the humerus</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395609" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent humerus">Absent humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369808" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypoplastic distal humeri">Hypoplastic distal humeri</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/316907" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Short humerus">Short humerus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871080" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bifid humerus">Bifid humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395269" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bowed humerus">Bowed humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871079" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Coarse humeral trabeculae">Coarse humeral trabeculae</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871075" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Crumpled humerus">Crumpled humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871074" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed humerus">Deformed humerus</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870700" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed humeral heads">Deformed humeral heads</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871073" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral exostoses">Humeral exostoses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871071" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral lytic defects">Humeral lytic defects</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871067" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral pseudarthrosis">Humeral pseudarthrosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867352" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeral sclerosis">Humeral sclerosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867353" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic foci of the humerus">Sclerotic foci of the humerus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871072" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humerus varus">Humerus varus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322300" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lateral humeral condyle aplasia">Lateral humeral condyle aplasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871070" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteoporotic humerus">Osteoporotic humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871069" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oval transradiancy of humerus">Oval transradiancy of humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871068" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Periosteal new bone of humerus">Periosteal new bone of humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867473" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Slender humerus">Slender humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871066" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tapered humerus">Tapered humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871065" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Triangular humerus">Triangular humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871064" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Undermodeled humerus">Undermodeled humerus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867351" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Wide humerus">Wide humerus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867255" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal metacarpal morphology">Abnormal metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869686" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 1st metacarpal morphology">Abnormal 1st metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869670" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 1st metacarpal">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869669" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad 1st metacarpal">Broad 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869668" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bullet-shaped 1st metacarpal">Bullet-shaped 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869667" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Curved 1st metacarpal">Curved 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867068" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Duplication of the 1st metacarpal">Duplication of the 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869666" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteolytic defects of the 1st metacarpal">Osteolytic defects of the 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867039" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis involving the 1st metacarpal">Synostosis involving the 1st metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869664" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Triangular shaped 1st metacarpal">Triangular shaped 1st metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869685" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 2nd metacarpal morphology">Abnormal 2nd metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869536" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the epiphysis of the 2nd metacarpal">Abnormality of the epiphysis of the 2nd metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869663" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 2nd metacarpal">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 2nd metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869798" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis involving the 2nd metacarpal">Synostosis involving the 2nd metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869684" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 3rd metacarpal morphology">Abnormal 3rd metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869534" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 3rd metacarpal epiphysis morphology">Abnormal 3rd metacarpal epiphysis morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869661" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 3rd metacarpal">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 3rd metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869797" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis involving the 3rd metacarpal">Synostosis involving the 3rd metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869683" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 4th metacarpal morphology">Abnormal 4th metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869532" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 4th metacarpal epiphysis morphology">Abnormal 4th metacarpal epiphysis morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869659" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 4th metacarpal">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 4th metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869796" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis involving the 4th metacarpal">Synostosis involving the 4th metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869682" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 5th metacarpal morphology">Abnormal 5th metacarpal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869530" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal 5th metacarpal epiphysis morphology">Abnormal 5th metacarpal epiphysis morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869657" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th metacarpal">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th metacarpal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/477954" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fifth metacarpal with ulnar notch">Fifth metacarpal with ulnar notch</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869795" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis involving the 5th metacarpal">Synostosis involving the 5th metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal metacarpophalangeal joint morphology">Abnormal metacarpophalangeal joint morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/667425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured metacarpophalangeal joint">Fractured metacarpophalangeal joint</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/436889" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metacarpophalangeal joint contracture">Metacarpophalangeal joint contracture</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870640" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextensibility">Metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextensibility</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870663" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metacarpophalangeal synostosis">Metacarpophalangeal synostosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1635584" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Archibald sign">Archibald sign</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/330796" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad metacarpals">Broad metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/400721" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Distal widening of metacarpals">Distal widening of metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369465" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Expanded metacarpals with widened medullary cavities">Expanded metacarpals with widened medullary cavities</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868729" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flattened metacarpal heads">Flattened metacarpal heads</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870634" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular metacarpals">Irregular metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866904" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Long metacarpals">Long metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343199" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Proximal tapering of metacarpals">Proximal tapering of metacarpals</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340712" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pointed proximal second through fifth metacarpals">Pointed proximal second through fifth metacarpals</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870626" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Slender metacarpals">Slender metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/639615" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supernumerary metacarpal bones">Supernumerary metacarpal bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348337" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 6 metacarpals">6 metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870658" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Double first metacarpals">Double first metacarpals</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870639" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tapered metacarpals">Tapered metacarpals</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/376718" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thin metacarpal cortices">Thin metacarpal cortices</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/347131" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tubular metacarpal bones">Tubular metacarpal bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340478" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Widened metacarpal shaft">Widened metacarpal shaft</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348341" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Y-shaped metacarpals">Y-shaped metacarpals</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338504" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Central Y-shaped metacarpal">Central Y-shaped metacarpal</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867033" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad phalanges of the hand">Broad phalanges of the hand</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867086" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad phalanges of the 2nd finger">Broad phalanges of the 2nd finger</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867115" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad phalanges of the 3rd finger">Broad phalanges of the 3rd finger</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869956" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad phalanges of the 4th finger">Broad phalanges of the 4th finger</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869981" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad phalanges of the 5th finger">Broad phalanges of the 5th finger</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140880" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad thumb">Broad thumb</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350887" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad distal phalanx of the thumb">Broad distal phalanx of the thumb</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869836" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad proximal phalanx of the thumb">Broad proximal phalanx of the thumb</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66028" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spatulate thumbs">Spatulate thumbs</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369464" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Expanded phalanges with widened medullary cavities">Expanded phalanges with widened medullary cavities</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1762099" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured manual digit bone">Fractured manual digit bone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1776129" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured finger phalanx">Fractured finger phalanx</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1776196" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured distal finger phalanx">Fractured distal finger phalanx</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1768821" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured middle finger phalanx">Fractured middle finger phalanx</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1739754" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured proximal finger phalanx">Fractured proximal finger phalanx</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1745688" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured thumb phalanx">Fractured thumb phalanx</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1751075" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured shoulder bone">Fractured shoulder bone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842048" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Glenoid fracture">Glenoid fracture</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/544188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured sternal end of clavicle">Fractured sternal end of clavicle</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892512" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteolysis involving bones of the upper limbs">Osteolysis involving bones of the upper limbs</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/318954" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Carpal osteolysis">Carpal osteolysis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of carpal bones">Lytic defects of carpal bones</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870958" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lytic defects of ulnar metaphysis">Lytic defects of ulnar metaphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343165" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metacarpal osteolysis">Metacarpal osteolysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867042" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteolytic defects of the hand bones">Osteolytic defects of the hand bones</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870630" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteolysis of scaphoids">Osteolysis of scaphoids</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/183017" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the hand">Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the hand</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17847015">Impact of array comparative genomic hybridization-derived information on genetic counseling demonstrated by prenatal diagnosis of the TAR (thrombocytopenia-absent-radius) syndrome-associated microdeletion 1q21.1.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Uhrig S,
Schlembach D,
Waldispuehl-Geigl J,
Schaffer W,
Geigl J,
Klopocki E,
Mundlos S,
Speicher MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2007 Oct;81(4):866-8.
doi: 10.1086/521338.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17847015" target="_blank">17847015</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2227939" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4825398">The differential diagnosis of the cleft hand and cleft foot malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">David TJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hand</span>
1974 Feb;6(1):58-61.
doi: 10.1016/0072-968x(74)90010-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4825398" target="_blank">4825398</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4254881">Bone measurement in the differential diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garn SM,
Poznanski AK,
Nagy JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
1971 Sep;100(3):509-18.
doi: 10.1148/100.3.509.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4254881" target="_blank">4254881</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (54)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37195727">Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Imaging of VACTERL Association.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tonni G,
Koçak Ç,
Grisolia G,
Rizzo G,
Araujo Júnior E,
Werner H,
Ruano R,
Sepulveda W,
Bonasoni MP,
Lituania M;
“International Perinatology Research Group (IPRG)”</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fetal Pediatr Pathol</span>
2023 Aug;42(4):651-674.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2206905.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37195727" target="_blank">37195727</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9699830">Macrodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotwal PP,
Farooque M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Br</span>
1998 Jul;80(4):651-3.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.8489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9699830" target="_blank">9699830</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7833394">Noncraniofacial manifestations of Crouzon's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Proudman TW,
Moore MH,
Abbott AH,
David DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
1994 Sep;5(4):218-22.
doi: 10.1097/00001665-199409000-00004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7833394" target="_blank">7833394</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1468459">Craniofrontonasal dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kapusta L,
Brunner HG,
Hamel BC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
1992 Nov;151(11):837-41.
doi: 10.1007/BF01957936.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1468459" target="_blank">1468459</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3794237">Ulnar deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miller JK,
Wenner SM,
Kruger LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
1986 Nov;11(6):822-9.
doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(86)80230-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3794237" target="_blank">3794237</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (573)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37195727">Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Imaging of VACTERL Association.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tonni G,
Koçak Ç,
Grisolia G,
Rizzo G,
Araujo Júnior E,
Werner H,
Ruano R,
Sepulveda W,
Bonasoni MP,
Lituania M;
“International Perinatology Research Group (IPRG)”</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fetal Pediatr Pathol</span>
2023 Aug;42(4):651-674.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2206905.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37195727" target="_blank">37195727</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34481595">Brachydactyly in Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Csizmar CM,
Shah M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mayo Clin Proc</span>
2021 Sep;96(9):2303-2304.
doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34481595" target="_blank">34481595</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22102274">Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toriello HV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Thromb Hemost</span>
2011 Sep;37(6):707-12.
Epub 2011 Nov 18
doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1291381.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22102274" target="_blank">22102274</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12011143">Robinow syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patton MA,
Afzal AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2002 May;39(5):305-10.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.39.5.305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12011143" target="_blank">12011143</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1735132" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3050097">Triphalangeal thumb.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Qazi Q,
Kassner EG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1988 Aug;25(8):505-20.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.25.8.505.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3050097" target="_blank">3050097</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1080027" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (842)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34623787">Skeletal Fluorosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meena L,
Gupta R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2021 Oct 14;385(16):1510.
Epub 2021 Oct 9
doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2103503.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34623787" target="_blank">34623787</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31787159">Radial Ray Malformation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM),
Gandhi M,
Rac MWF,
McKinney J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2019 Dec;221(6):B16-B18.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31787159" target="_blank">31787159</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29954734">A traumatic wrist injury.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beak P,
Umarji S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2018 Jun 28;361:k2574.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2574.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29954734" target="_blank">29954734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22854906">Cone-shaped epiphysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Durmus O,
Cakar E,
Ata E,
Dincer U,
Kiralp MZ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Phys Med Rehabil</span>
2014 Jan;93(1):92-3.
doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182644034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22854906" target="_blank">22854906</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4354695">Phenocopies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lenz W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1973 Mar;10(1):34-49.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.10.1.34.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4354695" target="_blank">4354695</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1012974" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (168)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15876600">Yunis-Varon syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bhatia S,
Holla RG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian Pediatr</span>
2005 Apr;42(4):373-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15876600" target="_blank">15876600</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9699830">Macrodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotwal PP,
Farooque M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Br</span>
1998 Jul;80(4):651-3.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.8489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9699830" target="_blank">9699830</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9556300">Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-Sedaghatian type.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elçioglu N,
Hall CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1998 Apr 13;76(5):410-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9556300" target="_blank">9556300</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1468459">Craniofrontonasal dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kapusta L,
Brunner HG,
Hamel BC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
1992 Nov;151(11):837-41.
doi: 10.1007/BF01957936.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1468459" target="_blank">1468459</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4592844">Marfan's syndrome: a review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hirst AE Jr,
Gore I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prog Cardiovasc Dis</span>
1973 Sep-Oct;16(2):187-98.
doi: 10.1016/s0033-0620(73)80013-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4592844" target="_blank">4592844</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (340)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33826558">Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rutkowski PT,
Samora JB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Orthop Surg</span>
2021 Jul 1;29(13):563-570.
doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-01133.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33826558" target="_blank">33826558</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17163996">KBG syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brancati F,
Sarkozy A,
Dallapiccola B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Dec 12;1:50.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-50.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17163996" target="_blank">17163996</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1764006" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9526157">Ulnar ray deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schmidt CC,
Neufeld SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hand Clin</span>
1998 Feb;14(1):65-76.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9526157" target="_blank">9526157</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1468459">Craniofrontonasal dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kapusta L,
Brunner HG,
Hamel BC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
1992 Nov;151(11):837-41.
doi: 10.1007/BF01957936.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1468459" target="_blank">1468459</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/480027">Holt-Oram syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Smith AT,
Sack GH Jr,
Taylor GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr</span>
1979 Oct;95(4):538-43.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80758-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/480027" target="_blank">480027</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (367)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39406633">Eagle syndrome and vascular complications-a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thielen A,
Brizzi V,
Majoufre C,
Nicot R,
Schlund M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
2025 Jan;54(1):31-42.
Epub 2024 Oct 15
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.09.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39406633" target="_blank">39406633</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34913666">Ultrasonography Is Accurate for Diagnosing Upper Extremity Fractures in Children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barry HC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2021 Dec 1;104(6):Online.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34913666" target="_blank">34913666</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32211929">Hand ultrasound patterns in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis: the role of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sapundzhieva T,
Karalilova R,
Batalov A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatol Int</span>
2020 Jun;40(6):837-848.
Epub 2020 Mar 24
doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04559-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32211929" target="_blank">32211929</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29239919">Accessory Auricles: Systematic Review of Definition, Associated Conditions, and Recommendations for Clinical Practice.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amirhassankhani S,
Lloyd MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2018 Mar;29(2):372-375.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004201.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29239919" target="_blank">29239919</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24302513">The prevalence of Os acromiale: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yammine K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Anat</span>
2014 May;27(4):610-21.
Epub 2013 Dec 2
doi: 10.1002/ca.22343.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24302513" target="_blank">24302513</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20upper%20limb%20bone%20morphology%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
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