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<meta name="keywords" content="C3281128, col11a2, col11a2 fibrochondrogenesis, disease or syndrome, fbcg2, fibrochondrogenesis 2, fibrochondrogenesis caused by mutation in col11a2, fibrochondrogenesis type 2, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Fibrochondrogenesis is a severe skeletal dysplasia characterized by a flat midface, short long bones, short ribs with broad metaphyses, and vertebral bodies that show distinctive hypoplastic posterior ends and rounded anterior ends, giving the vertebral bodies a pinched appearance on lateral radiographic views. The chest is small, causing perinatal respiratory problems which usually, but not always, result in lethality. Affected individuals who survive the neonatal period have high myopia, mild to moderate hearing loss, and severe skeletal dysplasia (summary by Tompson et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of fibrochondrogenesis, see FBCG1 (228520)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=482758
ConceptID=C3281128
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Fibrochondrogenesis 2<span class="h1sub">(FBCG2)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482758</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C3281128</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>FBCG2</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="COL11A2 - ID: 1302 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/1302" class="medgenPMinfo">COL11A2</a> (6p21.32)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013795" target="_blank">MONDO:0013795</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/614524" target="_blank">614524</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Fibrochondrogenesis is a severe skeletal dysplasia characterized by a flat midface, short long bones, short ribs with broad metaphyses, and vertebral bodies that show distinctive hypoplastic posterior ends and rounded anterior ends, giving the vertebral bodies a pinched appearance on lateral radiographic views. The chest is small, causing perinatal respiratory problems which usually, but not always, result in lethality. Affected individuals who survive the neonatal period have high myopia, mild to moderate hearing loss, and severe skeletal dysplasia (summary by Tompson et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of fibrochondrogenesis, see FBCG1 (228520). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Fibrochondrogenesis is characterized by short stature (dwarfism) and other skeletal abnormalities. Affected individuals have shortened long bones in the arms and legs that are unusually wide at the ends (described as dumbbell-shaped). People with this condition also have a narrow chest with short, wide ribs and a round and prominent abdomen. The bones of the spine (vertebrae) are flattened (platyspondyly) and have a characteristic pinched or pear shape that is noticeable on x-rays. Other skeletal abnormalities associated with fibrochondrogenesis include abnormal curvature of the spine and underdeveloped hip (pelvic) bones.<br /><br />People with fibrochondrogenesis also have distinctive facial features. These include prominent eyes, low-set ears, a small mouth with a long upper lip, and a small chin (micrognathia). Affected individuals have a relatively flat-appearing midface, particularly a small nose with a flat nasal bridge and nostrils that open to the front rather than downward (anteverted nares). Vision problems, including severe nearsightedness (high myopia) and clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract), are common in those who survive infancy. Most affected individuals also have sensorineural hearing loss, which is caused by abnormalities of the inner ear.<br /><br />Fibrochondrogenesis is a very severe disorder of bone growth. Affected infants have a very narrow chest, which prevents the lungs from developing normally. Most infants with this condition are stillborn or die shortly after birth from respiratory failure. However, some affected individuals have lived into childhood.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibrochondrogenesis">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibrochondrogenesis</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340750"><div><strong>Protuberant abdomen</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340750</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854928</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A thrusting or bulging out of the abdomen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340750">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Protuberant%20abdomen%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340750%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98094"><div><strong>Short ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98094</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426817</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced rib length.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98094">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098094%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_323062"><div><strong>Metaphyseal cupping</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>323062</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837082</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Metaphyseal cupping refers to an inward bulging of the metaphyseal profile giving the metaphysis a cup-like appearance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/323062">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Metaphyseal%20cupping%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20323062%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373339"><div><strong>Thoracic hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373339">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thoracic%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373339%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335010"><div><strong>Platyspondyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335010</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335010">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Platyspondyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335010%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341364"><div><strong>Metaphyseal widening</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341364</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849039</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal widening of the metaphyseal regions of long bones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341364">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Metaphyseal%20widening%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341364%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344385"><div><strong>Short long bone</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854912</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">One or more abnormally short long bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344385">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20long%20bone%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344385%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347616"><div><strong>Malar flattening</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858085</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Malar%20flattening%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347146"><div><strong>Hypoplastic ischia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347146</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859447</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347146">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20ischia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347146%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_348814"><div><strong>Hypoplastic ilia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>348814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861218</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the ilium.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/348814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20ilia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20348814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355894"><div><strong>Hypoplastic pubic bone</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355894</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865030</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the pubis, which together with the ilium and the ischium, is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355894">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20pubic%20bone%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355894%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351284"><div><strong>Cupped ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865039</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Wide, concave rib end.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351284">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cupped%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351284%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351320"><div><strong>Bell-shaped thorax</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351320</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865186</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The rib cage has the shape of a wide mouthed bell. That is, the superior portion of the rib cage is constricted, followed by a convex region, and the inferior portion of the rib cage expands again to have a large diameter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351320">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bell-shaped%20thorax%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351320%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_339938"><div><strong>Midface retrusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339938</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853242</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339938">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Midface%20retrusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20339938%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343052"><div><strong>Short nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343052">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343052%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_339938" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Midface retrusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short nose</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340750" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Protuberant abdomen</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351320" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bell-shaped thorax</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351284" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cupped ribs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_348814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic ilia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347146" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic ischia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355894" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic pubic bone</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malar flattening</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_323062" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metaphyseal cupping</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341364" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metaphyseal widening</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335010" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Platyspondyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344385" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short long bone</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98094" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short ribs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thoracic hypoplasia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26713681">High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheng P,
Han P,
Zhao C,
Zhang S,
Wu H,
Ni J,
Hou P,
Zhang Y,
Liu J,
Xu H,
Liu S,
Zhang X,
Zheng Y,
Chai Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biomaterials</span>
2016 Mar;81:14-26.
Epub 2015 Dec 15
doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26713681" target="_blank">26713681</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14566438">Metatropic dysplasia lethal variants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall CM,
Elçioglu NH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Radiol</span>
2004 Jan;34(1):66-74.
Epub 2003 Oct 18
doi: 10.1007/s00247-003-1063-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14566438" target="_blank">14566438</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12769508">Birth prevalence and pattern of osteochondrodysplasias in an inbred high risk population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Gazali LI,
Bakir M,
Hamid Z,
Varady E,
Varghes M,
Haas D,
Bener A,
Padmanabhan R,
Abdulrrazzaq YM,
Dawadu A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol</span>
2003 Feb;67(2):125-32.
doi: 10.1002/bdra.10009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12769508" target="_blank">12769508</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fibrochondrogenesis%202%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22246659">Dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tompson SW,
Faqeih EA,
Ala-Kokko L,
Hecht JT,
Miki R,
Funari T,
Funari VA,
Nevarez L,
Krakow D,
Cohn DH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2012 Feb;158A(2):309-14.
Epub 2012 Jan 13
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34406.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22246659" target="_blank">22246659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3264686" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21668896">Clinical and molecular analysis of UAE fibrochondrogenesis patients expands the phenotype and reveals two COL11A1 homozygous null mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akawi NA,
Al-Gazali L,
Ali BR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2012 Aug;82(2):147-56.
Epub 2011 Jul 18
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01734.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21668896" target="_blank">21668896</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17638618">Syndromes and disorders associated with omphalocele (III): single gene disorders, neural tube defects, diaphragmatic defects and others.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2007 Jun;46(2):111-20.
doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(07)60004-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17638618" target="_blank">17638618</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14566438">Metatropic dysplasia lethal variants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall CM,
Elçioglu NH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Radiol</span>
2004 Jan;34(1):66-74.
Epub 2003 Oct 18
doi: 10.1007/s00247-003-1063-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14566438" target="_blank">14566438</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9134297">Fibrochondrogenesis: clinical and radiological features.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">al-Gazali LI,
Bakalinova D,
Bakir M,
Dawodu A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
1997 Apr;6(2):157-63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9134297" target="_blank">9134297</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fibrochondrogenesis%202%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22246659">Dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tompson SW,
Faqeih EA,
Ala-Kokko L,
Hecht JT,
Miki R,
Funari T,
Funari VA,
Nevarez L,
Krakow D,
Cohn DH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2012 Feb;158A(2):309-14.
Epub 2012 Jan 13
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34406.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22246659" target="_blank">22246659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3264686" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21668896">Clinical and molecular analysis of UAE fibrochondrogenesis patients expands the phenotype and reveals two COL11A1 homozygous null mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akawi NA,
Al-Gazali L,
Ali BR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2012 Aug;82(2):147-56.
Epub 2011 Jul 18
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01734.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21668896" target="_blank">21668896</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fibrochondrogenesis%202%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26713681">High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheng P,
Han P,
Zhao C,
Zhang S,
Wu H,
Ni J,
Hou P,
Zhang Y,
Liu J,
Xu H,
Liu S,
Zhang X,
Zheng Y,
Chai Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biomaterials</span>
2016 Mar;81:14-26.
Epub 2015 Dec 15
doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26713681" target="_blank">26713681</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23621912">Deletions within COL11A1 in Type 2 stickler syndrome detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vijzelaar R,
Waller S,
Errami A,
Donaldson A,
Lourenco T,
Rodrigues M,
McConnell V,
Fincham G,
Snead M,
Richards A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genet</span>
2013 Apr 26;14:48.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-48.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23621912" target="_blank">23621912</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3652776" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22246659">Dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tompson SW,
Faqeih EA,
Ala-Kokko L,
Hecht JT,
Miki R,
Funari T,
Funari VA,
Nevarez L,
Krakow D,
Cohn DH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2012 Feb;158A(2):309-14.
Epub 2012 Jan 13
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34406.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22246659" target="_blank">22246659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3264686" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21668896">Clinical and molecular analysis of UAE fibrochondrogenesis patients expands the phenotype and reveals two COL11A1 homozygous null mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akawi NA,
Al-Gazali L,
Ali BR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2012 Aug;82(2):147-56.
Epub 2011 Jul 18
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01734.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21668896" target="_blank">21668896</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12769508">Birth prevalence and pattern of osteochondrodysplasias in an inbred high risk population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Gazali LI,
Bakir M,
Hamid Z,
Varady E,
Varghes M,
Haas D,
Bener A,
Padmanabhan R,
Abdulrrazzaq YM,
Dawadu A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol</span>
2003 Feb;67(2):125-32.
doi: 10.1002/bdra.10009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12769508" target="_blank">12769508</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fibrochondrogenesis%202%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3281128%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (41)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3281128%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (57)</a></li>
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