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<meta name="keywords" content="C1848795, finding, graves disease, susceptibility to, 1, grd, grd1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Graves disease (GRD) is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR; 603372) result in constitutive activation of the receptor and increased levels of thyroid hormone. Wilkin (1990) reviewed endocrine disorders of hormone excess and hormone deficiency resulting from receptor autoimmunity. Genetic Heterogeneity of Graves Disease Susceptibility to Graves disease-1 (GRD1) has been mapped to chromosome 14q31. Other susceptibility loci for Graves disease include GRD2 (603388) on chromosome 20q13, GRDX1 (300351) on Xp11, and GRDX2 (see 300351) on Xq21.33-q22. Graves disease has also been mapped to several loci that confer susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT; 140300): AITD1 (608173) on 6p11; AITD2 (608174) on 5q31-q33; AITD3 (608175) on 8q24; AITD4 (608176) on 10q, and AITD5 (601941) on 18q21." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=341307
|
||
ConceptID=C1848795
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Graves disease, susceptibility to, 1<span class="h1sub">(GRD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341307</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1848795</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>GRD</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100489" target="_blank">MONDO:0100489</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/275000" target="_blank">275000</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Graves disease (GRD) is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR; 603372) result in constitutive activation of the receptor and increased levels of thyroid hormone. Wilkin (1990) reviewed endocrine disorders of hormone excess and hormone deficiency resulting from receptor autoimmunity. Genetic Heterogeneity of Graves Disease Susceptibility to Graves disease-1 (GRD1) has been mapped to chromosome 14q31. Other susceptibility loci for Graves disease include GRD2 (603388) on chromosome 20q13, GRDX1 (300351) on Xp11, and GRDX2 (see 300351) on Xq21.33-q22. Graves disease has also been mapped to several loci that confer susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT; 140300): AITD1 (608173) on 6p11; AITD2 (608174) on 5q31-q33; AITD3 (608175) on 8q24; AITD4 (608176) on 10q, and AITD5 (601941) on 18q21. [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
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||
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Graves' disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. The thyroid makes hormones that help regulate a wide variety of critical body functions. For example, thyroid hormones influence growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, menstrual cycles, and weight. In people with Graves' disease, the thyroid is overactive and makes more hormones than the body needs. The condition usually appears in mid-adulthood, although it may occur at any age.<br /><br />Excess thyroid hormones can cause a variety of signs and symptoms. These include nervousness or anxiety, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a rapid and irregular heartbeat, hand tremors, frequent bowel movements or diarrhea, increased sweating and difficulty tolerating hot conditions, trouble sleeping, and weight loss in spite of an increased appetite. Affected women may have menstrual irregularities, such as an unusually light menstrual flow and infrequent periods. Some people with Graves' disease develop an enlargement of the thyroid called a goiter. Depending on its size, the enlarged thyroid can cause the neck to look swollen and may interfere with breathing and swallowing.<br /><br />Between 25 and 50 percent of people with Graves' disease have eye abnormalities, which are known as Graves' ophthalmopathy. These eye problems can include swelling and inflammation, redness, dryness, puffy eyelids, and a gritty sensation like having sand or dirt in the eyes. Some people develop bulging of the eyes caused by inflammation of tissues behind the eyeball and "pulling back" (retraction) of the eyelids. Rarely, affected individuals have more serious eye problems, such as pain, double vision, and pinching (compression) of the optic nerve connecting the eye and the brain, which can cause vision loss.<br /><br />A small percentage of people with Graves' disease develop a skin abnormality called pretibial myxedema or Graves' dermopathy. This abnormality causes the skin on the front of the lower legs and the tops of the feet to become thick, lumpy, and red. It is not usually painful. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/graves-disease">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/graves-disease</a></div></div>
|
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||
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9169"><div><strong>Congestive heart failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0018802</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9169">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congestive%20heart%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209169%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_853198"><div><strong>Weight loss</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>853198</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1262477</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduction of total body weight.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/853198">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Weight%20loss%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20853198%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_866551"><div><strong>Abnormal abdomen morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>866551</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4020869</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A structural abnormality of the abdomen ('belly'), that is, the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/866551">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20abdomen%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20866551%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9369"><div><strong>Polyphagia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9369</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020505</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9369">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyphagia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209369%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98406"><div><strong>Hyperactivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0424295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98406">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperactivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098406%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_397841"><div><strong>Irritability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>397841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2700617</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Irritability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20397841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57735"><div><strong>Muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151786</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of muscles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5690"><div><strong>Hyperhidrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5690</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020458</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal excessive perspiration (sweating) despite the lack of appropriate stimuli like hot and humid weather.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5690">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperhidrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205690%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_450990"><div><strong>Pretibial myxedema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>450990</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0033103</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A diffuse, non-pitting edema and thickening of the skin usually on the anterior aspect of the lower legs spreading to the dorsum of the feet.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/450990">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pretibial%20myxedema%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20450990%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39324"><div><strong>Onycholysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39324</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085661</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Detachment of the nail from the nail bed.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39324">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Onycholysis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039324%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42270"><div><strong>Goiter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42270</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0018021</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An enlargement of the thyroid gland.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42270">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Goiter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042270%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6677"><div><strong>Graves disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6677</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0018213</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis). This is caused by autoantibodies to the TSH-receptor (TSHR-Ab) that activate that TSH-receptor (TSHR), thereby stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, and thyroid growth (causing a diffusely enlarged goiter). The resulting state of hyperthyroidism can cause a dramatic constellation of neuropsychological and physical signs and symptoms, which can severely compromise the patients.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6677">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Graves%20disease%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206677%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_717708"><div><strong>Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone level</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>717708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1295607</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced amount of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the function of the thyroid gland.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/717708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20thyroid-stimulating%20hormone%20level%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20717708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867466"><div><strong>Increased circulating free T3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867466</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021843</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevated concentration of free 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the blood circulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867466">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20free%20T3%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867466%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1771990"><div><strong>Increased circulating free T4 concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1771990</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5421591</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevated concentration of free thyroxine (fT4) in the blood circulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1771990">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20free%20T4%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201771990%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41917"><div><strong>Proptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0015300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41917">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Proptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041917%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congestive heart failure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_866551" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal abdomen morphology</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_717708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone level</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42270" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Goiter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6677" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Graves disease</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867466" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased circulating free T3</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1771990" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased circulating free T4 concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proptosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5690" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperhidrosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39324" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Onycholysis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_450990" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pretibial myxedema</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle weakness</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperactivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_397841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Irritability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9369" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyphagia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_853198" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Weight loss</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35763241">Autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from etiopathogenesis to clinical management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Caron P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrine</span>
|
||
2022 Dec;78(3):406-417.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jun 28
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03118-4.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35763241" target="_blank">35763241</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9243876" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33675743">X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Asselta R,
|
||
Paraboschi EM,
|
||
Gerussi A,
|
||
Cordell HJ,
|
||
Mells GF,
|
||
Sandford RN,
|
||
Jones DE,
|
||
Nakamura M,
|
||
Ueno K,
|
||
Hitomi Y,
|
||
Kawashima M,
|
||
Nishida N,
|
||
Tokunaga K,
|
||
Nagasaki M,
|
||
Tanaka A,
|
||
Tang R,
|
||
Li Z,
|
||
Shi Y,
|
||
Liu X,
|
||
Xiong M,
|
||
Hirschfield G,
|
||
Siminovitch KA;
|
||
Canadian-US PBC Consortium;
|
||
Italian PBC Genetics Study Group;
|
||
UK-PBC Consortium;
|
||
Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium,
|
||
Carbone M,
|
||
Cardamone G,
|
||
Duga S,
|
||
Gershwin ME,
|
||
Seldin MF,
|
||
Invernizzi P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gastroenterology</span>
|
||
2021 Jun;160(7):2483-2495.e26.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 4
|
||
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.061.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33675743" target="_blank">33675743</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8169555" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24177168">The GG genotype of the -1125G/T polymorphism in the EPO gene protects against the development of Graves' disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inoue N,
|
||
Watanabe M,
|
||
Nobuhara T,
|
||
Hidaka Y,
|
||
Iwatani Y</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Immunol Lett</span>
|
||
2013 Nov-Dec;156(1-2):156-8.
|
||
Epub 2013 Oct 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.10.006.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24177168" target="_blank">24177168</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (24)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38460606">Celiac Disease-Related Conditions: Who to Test?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zingone F,
|
||
Bai JC,
|
||
Cellier C,
|
||
Ludvigsson JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gastroenterology</span>
|
||
2024 Jun;167(1):64-78.
|
||
Epub 2024 Mar 7
|
||
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38460606" target="_blank">38460606</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32107168">Graves' disease: Epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors and viruses.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Antonelli A,
|
||
Ferrari SM,
|
||
Ragusa F,
|
||
Elia G,
|
||
Paparo SR,
|
||
Ruffilli I,
|
||
Patrizio A,
|
||
Giusti C,
|
||
Gonnella D,
|
||
Cristaudo A,
|
||
Foddis R,
|
||
Shoenfeld Y,
|
||
Fallahi P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2020 Jan;34(1):101387.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 4
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101387.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32107168" target="_blank">32107168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31850631">The impact of diabetes on periodontal diseases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Graves DT,
|
||
Ding Z,
|
||
Yang Y</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Periodontol 2000</span>
|
||
2020 Feb;82(1):214-224.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/prd.12318.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31850631" target="_blank">31850631</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30208979">Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayman MP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Proc Nutr Soc</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;78(1):34-44.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 13
|
||
doi: 10.1017/S0029665118001192.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30208979" target="_blank">30208979</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25461470">Autoimmune thyroid disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Antonelli A,
|
||
Ferrari SM,
|
||
Corrado A,
|
||
Di Domenicantonio A,
|
||
Fallahi P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Autoimmun Rev</span>
|
||
2015 Feb;14(2):174-80.
|
||
Epub 2014 Oct 25
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.016.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25461470" target="_blank">25461470</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (443)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38460606">Celiac Disease-Related Conditions: Who to Test?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zingone F,
|
||
Bai JC,
|
||
Cellier C,
|
||
Ludvigsson JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gastroenterology</span>
|
||
2024 Jun;167(1):64-78.
|
||
Epub 2024 Mar 7
|
||
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38460606" target="_blank">38460606</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37782163">Role of genetics in eleven of the most common autoimmune diseases in the post genome-wide association studies era.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ali FHM,
|
||
Smatti MK,
|
||
Elrayess MA,
|
||
Al Thani AA,
|
||
Yassine HM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci</span>
|
||
2023 Sep;27(18):8463-8485.
|
||
doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33772.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37782163" target="_blank">37782163</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31681268">The Impact of Obesity on Thyroid Autoimmunity and Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Song RH,
|
||
Wang B,
|
||
Yao QM,
|
||
Li Q,
|
||
Jia X,
|
||
Zhang JA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2019;10:2349.
|
||
Epub 2019 Oct 1
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02349.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31681268" target="_blank">31681268</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6797838" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29941778">Celiac Disease and Glandular Autoimmunity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kahaly GJ,
|
||
Frommer L,
|
||
Schuppan D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
|
||
2018 Jun 25;10(7)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/nu10070814.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29941778" target="_blank">29941778</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6073228" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28990742">Autoimmune endocrine diseases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruggeri RM,
|
||
Giuffrida G,
|
||
Campennì A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Endocrinol</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;43(3):305-322.
|
||
Epub 2017 Oct 9
|
||
doi: 10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02757-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28990742" target="_blank">28990742</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (146)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39009607">Large-scale whole-exome sequencing analyses identified protein-coding variants associated with immune-mediated diseases in 350,770 adults.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang L,
|
||
Ou YN,
|
||
Wu BS,
|
||
Liu WS,
|
||
Deng YT,
|
||
He XY,
|
||
Chen YL,
|
||
Kang J,
|
||
Fei CJ,
|
||
Zhu Y,
|
||
Tan L,
|
||
Dong Q,
|
||
Feng J,
|
||
Cheng W,
|
||
Yu JT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Commun</span>
|
||
2024 Jul 15;15(1):5924.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49782-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39009607" target="_blank">39009607</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11250857" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38405140">Autoimmune thyroid disease and myasthenia gravis: a study bidirectional Mendelian randomization.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang S,
|
||
Wang K,
|
||
Chen X,
|
||
Chen D,
|
||
Lin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2024;15:1310083.
|
||
Epub 2024 Feb 9
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1310083.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38405140" target="_blank">38405140</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10884276" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32616746">Graves' disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davies TF,
|
||
Andersen S,
|
||
Latif R,
|
||
Nagayama Y,
|
||
Barbesino G,
|
||
Brito M,
|
||
Eckstein AK,
|
||
Stagnaro-Green A,
|
||
Kahaly GJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
|
||
2020 Jul 2;6(1):52.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0184-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32616746" target="_blank">32616746</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30208979">Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayman MP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Proc Nutr Soc</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;78(1):34-44.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 13
|
||
doi: 10.1017/S0029665118001192.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30208979" target="_blank">30208979</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20172475">Iodine excess.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bürgi H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2010 Feb;24(1):107-15.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.010.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20172475" target="_blank">20172475</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (124)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38697002">Graves' disease and the risk of five autoimmune diseases: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Su T,
|
||
Gan Y,
|
||
Ma S,
|
||
Wu H,
|
||
Lu S,
|
||
Zhi M,
|
||
Wang B,
|
||
Lu Y,
|
||
Yao J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetes Metab Syndr</span>
|
||
2024 May;18(5):103023.
|
||
Epub 2024 Apr 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103023.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38697002" target="_blank">38697002</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37928559">Genetic link between primary sclerosing cholangitis and thyroid dysfunction: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang W,
|
||
Lang R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2023;14:1276459.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 19
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276459.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37928559" target="_blank">37928559</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10622799" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36410373">Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuhlmann T,
|
||
Moccia M,
|
||
Coetzee T,
|
||
Cohen JA,
|
||
Correale J,
|
||
Graves J,
|
||
Marrie RA,
|
||
Montalban X,
|
||
Yong VW,
|
||
Thompson AJ,
|
||
Reich DS;
|
||
International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
|
||
2023 Jan;22(1):78-88.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 18
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00289-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36410373" target="_blank">36410373</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10463558" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33981318">Toll-Like Receptors Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Y,
|
||
Liu J,
|
||
Wang C,
|
||
Liu J,
|
||
Lu W</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2021;12:672346.
|
||
Epub 2021 Apr 26
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672346.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33981318" target="_blank">33981318</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8107678" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12592308">17. Immunologic endocrine disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devendra D,
|
||
Eisenbarth GS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol</span>
|
||
2003 Feb;111(2 Suppl):S624-36.
|
||
doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.81.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12592308" target="_blank">12592308</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (111)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38773317">Dissecting causal relationships between primary biliary cholangitis and extrahepatic autoimmune diseases based on Mendelian randomization.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma G,
|
||
Yang J,
|
||
Wang X,
|
||
Xia E,
|
||
Yu J,
|
||
Zhang M,
|
||
Hu Y,
|
||
Ma S,
|
||
Zhou X,
|
||
Fan Q,
|
||
Han Y,
|
||
Wang J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
|
||
2024 May 21;14(1):11528.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62509-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38773317" target="_blank">38773317</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11109240" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38697002">Graves' disease and the risk of five autoimmune diseases: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Su T,
|
||
Gan Y,
|
||
Ma S,
|
||
Wu H,
|
||
Lu S,
|
||
Zhi M,
|
||
Wang B,
|
||
Lu Y,
|
||
Yao J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetes Metab Syndr</span>
|
||
2024 May;18(5):103023.
|
||
Epub 2024 Apr 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103023.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38697002" target="_blank">38697002</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38090574">Appraising the causal relationship between thyroid function and rheumatoid arthritis: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gu P,
|
||
Pu B,
|
||
Ma Y,
|
||
Yue D,
|
||
Xin Q,
|
||
Li H,
|
||
Liu T,
|
||
Zheng X,
|
||
Ouyang C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2023;14:1238757.
|
||
Epub 2023 Nov 28
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238757.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38090574" target="_blank">38090574</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10713877" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36410373">Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuhlmann T,
|
||
Moccia M,
|
||
Coetzee T,
|
||
Cohen JA,
|
||
Correale J,
|
||
Graves J,
|
||
Marrie RA,
|
||
Montalban X,
|
||
Yong VW,
|
||
Thompson AJ,
|
||
Reich DS;
|
||
International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
|
||
2023 Jan;22(1):78-88.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 18
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00289-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36410373" target="_blank">36410373</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10463558" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30208979">Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayman MP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Proc Nutr Soc</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;78(1):34-44.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 13
|
||
doi: 10.1017/S0029665118001192.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30208979" target="_blank">30208979</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (229)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39086275">TSHR Gene (rs179247) Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zufry H,
|
||
Hariyanto TI</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)</span>
|
||
2024 Aug;39(4):603-614.
|
||
Epub 2024 Aug 1
|
||
doi: 10.3803/EnM.2024.1987.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39086275" target="_blank">39086275</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11375308" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31681268">The Impact of Obesity on Thyroid Autoimmunity and Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Song RH,
|
||
Wang B,
|
||
Yao QM,
|
||
Li Q,
|
||
Jia X,
|
||
Zhang JA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2019;10:2349.
|
||
Epub 2019 Oct 1
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02349.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31681268" target="_blank">31681268</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6797838" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30924084">Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and Graves' disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veneti S,
|
||
Anagnostis P,
|
||
Adamidou F,
|
||
Artzouchaltzi AM,
|
||
Boboridis K,
|
||
Kita M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrine</span>
|
||
2019 Aug;65(2):244-251.
|
||
Epub 2019 Mar 28
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01902-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30924084" target="_blank">30924084</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29879187">Meta-analyses of IL1A polymorphisms and the risk of several autoimmune diseases published in databases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Su H,
|
||
Rei N,
|
||
Zhang L,
|
||
Cheng J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
|
||
2018;13(6):e0198693.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jun 7
|
||
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198693.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29879187" target="_blank">29879187</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5991676" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29440561">Association of TNF-α promoter polymorphism and Graves' disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tu Y,
|
||
Fan G,
|
||
Zeng T,
|
||
Cai X,
|
||
Kong W</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biosci Rep</span>
|
||
2018 Apr 27;38(2)
|
||
Epub 2018 Mar 21
|
||
doi: 10.1042/BSR20180143.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29440561" target="_blank">29440561</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5861325" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(graves%20disease%2C%20susceptibility%20to%2C%201)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=275000" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=341307" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67cd26bbf4a390645e83af65">Graves disease, susceptibility to, 1</a>
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<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
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