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<meta name="keywords" content="C1836255, disease or syndrome, pee4, preeclampsia caused by mutation in stox1, preeclampsia eclampsia 4, preeclampsia/eclampsia 4, preeclampsia/eclampsia type 4, stox1, stox1 preeclampsia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Severe preeclampsia can also affect the fetus, with impairment of blood and oxygen flow leading to growth problems or stillbirth. Infants delivered early due to preeclampsia may have complications associated with prematurity, such as breathing problems caused by underdeveloped lungs.\n\nBetween 10 and 20 percent of women with severe preeclampsia develop another potentially life-threatening complication called HELLP syndrome. HELLP stands for hemolysis (premature red blood cell breakdown), elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelets (cells involved in blood clotting), which are the key features of this condition.\n\nIn many cases, symptoms of preeclampsia go away within a few days after the baby is born. In severe cases, however, preeclampsia can damage the mother's organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys, and can lead to life-threatening complications. Extremely high blood pressure in the mother can cause bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). The effects of high blood pressure on the brain (hypertensive encephalopathy) may also result in seizures. If seizures occur, the condition is considered to have worsened to eclampsia, which can result in coma. About 1 in 200 women with untreated preeclampsia develop eclampsia. Eclampsia can also develop without any obvious signs of preeclampsia.\n\nMany women with mild preeclampsia do not feel ill, and the condition is often first detected through blood pressure and urine testing in their doctor's office. In addition to hypertension and proteinuria, signs and symptoms of preeclampsia can include excessive swelling (edema) of the face or hands and a weight gain of more than 3 to 5 pounds in a week due to fluid retention. Affected women may also experience headaches, dizziness, irritability, shortness of breath, a decrease in urination, upper abdominal pain, and nausea or vomiting. Vision changes may develop, including flashing lights or spots, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), blurry vision, or temporary blindness.\n\nWomen who have had preeclampsia have approximately twice the lifetime risk of heart disease and stroke than do women in the general population. Researchers suggest that preeclampsia, heart disease, and stroke may share common risk factors. Women who have diseases such as obesity, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, or kidney disease before they become pregnant have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is most likely to occur in a woman's first pregnancy, although it can occur in subsequent pregnancies, particularly in women with other health conditions.\n\nPreeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy in which affected women develop high blood pressure (hypertension); they can also have abnormally high levels of protein in their urine (proteinuria). This condition usually occurs in the last few months of pregnancy and often requires early delivery of the infant. However, this condition can also appear shortly after giving birth (postpartum preeclampsia)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=322874
ConceptID=C1836255
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Preeclampsia/eclampsia 4<span class="h1sub">(PEE4)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1836255</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>PEE4</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="STOX1 - ID: 219736 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/219736" class="medgenPMinfo">STOX1</a> (10q22.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012266" target="_blank">MONDO:0012266</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/609404" target="_blank">609404</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Severe preeclampsia can also affect the fetus, with impairment of blood and oxygen flow leading to growth problems or stillbirth. Infants delivered early due to preeclampsia may have complications associated with prematurity, such as breathing problems caused by underdeveloped lungs.<br /><br />Between 10 and 20 percent of women with severe preeclampsia develop another potentially life-threatening complication called HELLP syndrome. HELLP stands for hemolysis (premature red blood cell breakdown), elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelets (cells involved in blood clotting), which are the key features of this condition.<br /><br />In many cases, symptoms of preeclampsia go away within a few days after the baby is born. In severe cases, however, preeclampsia can damage the mother's organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys, and can lead to life-threatening complications. Extremely high blood pressure in the mother can cause bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). The effects of high blood pressure on the brain (hypertensive encephalopathy) may also result in seizures. If seizures occur, the condition is considered to have worsened to eclampsia, which can result in coma. About 1 in 200 women with untreated preeclampsia develop eclampsia. Eclampsia can also develop without any obvious signs of preeclampsia.<br /><br />Many women with mild preeclampsia do not feel ill, and the condition is often first detected through blood pressure and urine testing in their doctor's office. In addition to hypertension and proteinuria, signs and symptoms of preeclampsia can include excessive swelling (edema) of the face or hands and a weight gain of more than 3 to 5 pounds in a week due to fluid retention. Affected women may also experience headaches, dizziness, irritability, shortness of breath, a decrease in urination, upper abdominal pain, and nausea or vomiting. Vision changes may develop, including flashing lights or spots, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), blurry vision, or temporary blindness.<br /><br />Women who have had preeclampsia have approximately twice the lifetime risk of heart disease and stroke than do women in the general population. Researchers suggest that preeclampsia, heart disease, and stroke may share common risk factors. Women who have diseases such as obesity, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, or kidney disease before they become pregnant have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is most likely to occur in a woman's first pregnancy, although it can occur in subsequent pregnancies, particularly in women with other health conditions.<br /><br />Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy in which affected women develop high blood pressure (hypertension); they can also have abnormally high levels of protein in their urine (proteinuria). This condition usually occurs in the last few months of pregnancy and often requires early delivery of the infant. However, this condition can also appear shortly after giving birth (postpartum preeclampsia). [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33876898">Clinical management of hypertensive disorders in postpartum women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scudo M,
Petruzziello L,
Carbone F,
Logoteta A,
Paoni Saccone G,
D'Oria O,
Galoppi P,
Brunelli R,
Monti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Obstet Gynecol</span>
2022 Aug;74(4):348-355.
Epub 2021 Apr 20
doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04733-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33876898" target="_blank">33876898</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25840271">Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnancy: insights in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Erez O,
Mastrolia SA,
Thachil J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2015 Oct;213(4):452-63.
Epub 2015 Mar 31
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.054.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25840271" target="_blank">25840271</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1882820">Prevention and treatment of pregnancy-associated hypertension: what have we learned in the last 10 years?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Remuzzi G,
Ruggenenti P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
1991 Sep;18(3):285-305.
doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80087-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1882820" target="_blank">1882820</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133" target="_blank">UK NICE guideline (NG133), Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management, 2023</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37144983">Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simmons D,
Immanuel J,
Hague WM,
Teede H,
Nolan CJ,
Peek MJ,
Flack JR,
McLean M,
Wong V,
Hibbert E,
Kautzky-Willer A,
Harreiter J,
Backman H,
Gianatti E,
Sweeting A,
Mohan V,
Enticott J,
Cheung NW;
TOBOGM Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144.
Epub 2023 May 5
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37144983" target="_blank">37144983</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36800181">Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With Future Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayes B,
Ardissino M,
Slob EAW,
Patel KHK,
Girling J,
Ng FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230034.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36800181" target="_blank">36800181</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9938428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36380372">Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li P,
Wang H,
Guo L,
Gou X,
Chen G,
Lin D,
Fan D,
Guo X,
Liu Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med</span>
2022 Nov 15;20(1):443.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02657-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36380372" target="_blank">36380372</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9667679" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33876898">Clinical management of hypertensive disorders in postpartum women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scudo M,
Petruzziello L,
Carbone F,
Logoteta A,
Paoni Saccone G,
D'Oria O,
Galoppi P,
Brunelli R,
Monti M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Obstet Gynecol</span>
2022 Aug;74(4):348-355.
Epub 2021 Apr 20
doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04733-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33876898" target="_blank">33876898</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31401877">Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia: INSPIRE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cerdeira AS,
O'Sullivan J,
Ohuma EO,
Harrington D,
Szafranski P,
Black R,
Mackillop L,
Impey L,
Greenwood C,
James T,
Smith I,
Papageorghiou AT,
Knight M,
Vatish M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2019 Oct;74(4):983-990.
Epub 2019 Aug 12
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31401877" target="_blank">31401877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6756298" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (291)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37144983">Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simmons D,
Immanuel J,
Hague WM,
Teede H,
Nolan CJ,
Peek MJ,
Flack JR,
McLean M,
Wong V,
Hibbert E,
Kautzky-Willer A,
Harreiter J,
Backman H,
Gianatti E,
Sweeting A,
Mohan V,
Enticott J,
Cheung NW;
TOBOGM Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144.
Epub 2023 May 5
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37144983" target="_blank">37144983</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33885740">Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection: The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Villar J,
Ariff S,
Gunier RB,
Thiruvengadam R,
Rauch S,
Kholin A,
Roggero P,
Prefumo F,
do Vale MS,
Cardona-Perez JA,
Maiz N,
Cetin I,
Savasi V,
Deruelle P,
Easter SR,
Sichitiu J,
Soto Conti CP,
Ernawati E,
Mhatre M,
Teji JS,
Liu B,
Capelli C,
Oberto M,
Salazar L,
Gravett MG,
Cavoretto PI,
Nachinab VB,
Galadanci H,
Oros D,
Ayede AI,
Sentilhes L,
Bako B,
Savorani M,
Cena H,
García-May PK,
Etuk S,
Casale R,
Abd-Elsalam S,
Ikenoue S,
Aminu MB,
Vecciarelli C,
Duro EA,
Usman MA,
John-Akinola Y,
Nieto R,
Ferrazi E,
Bhutta ZA,
Langer A,
Kennedy SH,
Papageorghiou AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Pediatr</span>
2021 Aug 1;175(8):817-826.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33885740" target="_blank">33885740</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8063132" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31401877">Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia: INSPIRE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cerdeira AS,
O'Sullivan J,
Ohuma EO,
Harrington D,
Szafranski P,
Black R,
Mackillop L,
Impey L,
Greenwood C,
James T,
Smith I,
Papageorghiou AT,
Knight M,
Vatish M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2019 Oct;74(4):983-990.
Epub 2019 Aug 12
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31401877" target="_blank">31401877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6756298" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30940374">Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wilkerson RG,
Ogunbodede AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med Clin North Am</span>
2019 May;37(2):301-316.
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30940374" target="_blank">30940374</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1837248">Preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome and coagulation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Weiner CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Perinatol</span>
1991 Dec;18(4):713-26.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1837248" target="_blank">1837248</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (141)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37144983">Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simmons D,
Immanuel J,
Hague WM,
Teede H,
Nolan CJ,
Peek MJ,
Flack JR,
McLean M,
Wong V,
Hibbert E,
Kautzky-Willer A,
Harreiter J,
Backman H,
Gianatti E,
Sweeting A,
Mohan V,
Enticott J,
Cheung NW;
TOBOGM Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144.
Epub 2023 May 5
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37144983" target="_blank">37144983</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36800181">Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With Future Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayes B,
Ardissino M,
Slob EAW,
Patel KHK,
Girling J,
Ng FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230034.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36800181" target="_blank">36800181</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9938428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36380372">Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li P,
Wang H,
Guo L,
Gou X,
Chen G,
Lin D,
Fan D,
Guo X,
Liu Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med</span>
2022 Nov 15;20(1):443.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02657-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36380372" target="_blank">36380372</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9667679" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31401877">Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia: INSPIRE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cerdeira AS,
O'Sullivan J,
Ohuma EO,
Harrington D,
Szafranski P,
Black R,
Mackillop L,
Impey L,
Greenwood C,
James T,
Smith I,
Papageorghiou AT,
Knight M,
Vatish M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2019 Oct;74(4):983-990.
Epub 2019 Aug 12
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31401877" target="_blank">31401877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6756298" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30940374">Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wilkerson RG,
Ogunbodede AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med Clin North Am</span>
2019 May;37(2):301-316.
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30940374" target="_blank">30940374</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (85)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37684734">Fetal and Maternal Monitoring.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ledgerwood C,
Angelides M,
Idler J,
Smith B,
DuMont T,
Cheema T,
Barker B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Care Nurs Q</span>
2023 Oct-Dec 01;46(4):391-397.
doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000474.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37684734" target="_blank">37684734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36800181">Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With Future Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayes B,
Ardissino M,
Slob EAW,
Patel KHK,
Girling J,
Ng FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230034.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36800181" target="_blank">36800181</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9938428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33885740">Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection: The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Villar J,
Ariff S,
Gunier RB,
Thiruvengadam R,
Rauch S,
Kholin A,
Roggero P,
Prefumo F,
do Vale MS,
Cardona-Perez JA,
Maiz N,
Cetin I,
Savasi V,
Deruelle P,
Easter SR,
Sichitiu J,
Soto Conti CP,
Ernawati E,
Mhatre M,
Teji JS,
Liu B,
Capelli C,
Oberto M,
Salazar L,
Gravett MG,
Cavoretto PI,
Nachinab VB,
Galadanci H,
Oros D,
Ayede AI,
Sentilhes L,
Bako B,
Savorani M,
Cena H,
García-May PK,
Etuk S,
Casale R,
Abd-Elsalam S,
Ikenoue S,
Aminu MB,
Vecciarelli C,
Duro EA,
Usman MA,
John-Akinola Y,
Nieto R,
Ferrazi E,
Bhutta ZA,
Langer A,
Kennedy SH,
Papageorghiou AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Pediatr</span>
2021 Aug 1;175(8):817-826.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33885740" target="_blank">33885740</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8063132" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31401877">Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia: INSPIRE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cerdeira AS,
O'Sullivan J,
Ohuma EO,
Harrington D,
Szafranski P,
Black R,
Mackillop L,
Impey L,
Greenwood C,
James T,
Smith I,
Papageorghiou AT,
Knight M,
Vatish M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2019 Oct;74(4):983-990.
Epub 2019 Aug 12
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31401877" target="_blank">31401877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6756298" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3555010">Acute renal failure in pregnancy: 1987.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grünfeld JP,
Pertuiset N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
1987 Apr;9(4):359-62.
doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(87)80137-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3555010" target="_blank">3555010</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (125)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37144983">Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed Early in Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simmons D,
Immanuel J,
Hague WM,
Teede H,
Nolan CJ,
Peek MJ,
Flack JR,
McLean M,
Wong V,
Hibbert E,
Kautzky-Willer A,
Harreiter J,
Backman H,
Gianatti E,
Sweeting A,
Mohan V,
Enticott J,
Cheung NW;
TOBOGM Research Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2023 Jun 8;388(23):2132-2144.
Epub 2023 May 5
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214956.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37144983" target="_blank">37144983</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36800181">Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With Future Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rayes B,
Ardissino M,
Slob EAW,
Patel KHK,
Girling J,
Ng FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230034.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36800181" target="_blank">36800181</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9938428" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36380372">Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li P,
Wang H,
Guo L,
Gou X,
Chen G,
Lin D,
Fan D,
Guo X,
Liu Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med</span>
2022 Nov 15;20(1):443.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02657-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36380372" target="_blank">36380372</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9667679" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34519722">Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of mothers with COVID-19 and their neonates: vertical transmission.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vega-Fernández AG,
Zevallos-Vargas BM,
Flores-Figueroa FDP,
Holguín-Plasencia JC,
Centeno-Fuentes LMG,
Ayquipa-Gil SA,
Lescano-Alva RA,
Arrasco-Castro KP,
Alvarado-Herrera HA,
Zafra-Alegre WR,
Idrogo-Cayotopa EJ,
Reyes-Carranza CP,
Ramírez-Gamarra LK,
Peña-Estrella JG,
Pardo-Carrasco AM,
Suárez-Rebaza SA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medwave</span>
2021 Aug 30;21(7):e8454.
doi: 10.5867/medwave.2021.07.8454.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34519722" target="_blank">34519722</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31401877">Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia: INSPIRE.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cerdeira AS,
O'Sullivan J,
Ohuma EO,
Harrington D,
Szafranski P,
Black R,
Mackillop L,
Impey L,
Greenwood C,
James T,
Smith I,
Papageorghiou AT,
Knight M,
Vatish M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2019 Oct;74(4):983-990.
Epub 2019 Aug 12
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12739.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31401877" target="_blank">31401877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6756298" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (123)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37979419">Adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes in women with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tang W,
Zhou LJ,
Zhang WQ,
Jia YJ,
Hu FH,
Chen HL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Schizophr Res</span>
2023 Dec;262:156-167.
Epub 2023 Nov 16
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37979419" target="_blank">37979419</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36345823">Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schliep KC,
Mclean H,
Yan B,
Qeadan F,
Theilen LH,
de Havenon A,
Majersik JJ,
Østbye T,
Sharma S,
Varner MW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
2023 Feb;80(2):257-267.
Epub 2022 Nov 8
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36345823" target="_blank">36345823</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9851987" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33940650">The Impact of Maternal Preeclampsia and Hyperglycemia on the Cardiovascular Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoodbhoy Z,
Mohammed N,
Nathani KR,
Sattar S,
Chowdhury D,
Maskatia S,
Tierney S,
Hasan B,
Das JK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Perinatol</span>
2023 Mar;40(4):363-374.
Epub 2021 May 3
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1728823.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33940650" target="_blank">33940650</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35098440">Acromegaly and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bandeira DB,
Olivatti TOF,
Bolfi F,
Boguszewski CL,
Dos Santos Nunes-Nogueira V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pituitary</span>
2022 Jun;25(3):352-362.
Epub 2022 Jan 30
doi: 10.1007/s11102-022-01208-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35098440" target="_blank">35098440</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29934014">Systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the association of endometriosis and preeclampsia in women conceiving spontaneously or through assisted reproductive technology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pérez-López FR,
Calvo-Latorre J,
Alonso-Ventura V,
Bueno-Notivol J,
Martínez-Domínguez SJ,
Chedraui P;
Health Outcomes, Systematic Analyses (HOUSSAY) Project</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pregnancy Hypertens</span>
2018 Oct;14:213-221.
Epub 2018 Jan 3
doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.01.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29934014" target="_blank">29934014</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1836255%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(preeclampsia%2Feclampsia%204)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng133">NICE, 2023</a><div>UK NICE guideline (NG133), Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management, 2023</div></li></ul></div>
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