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<meta name="keywords" content="C0342288, autoimmune enteropathy type 1, autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndrome x-linked, autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndrome, x-linked, diabetes mellitus, congenital insulin-dependent, with fatal secretory diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, congenital insulin-dependent, with fatal secretory diarrhoea, diarrhea, polyendocrinopathy, fatal infection syndrome, x-linked, disease or syndrome, dmsd, enteropathy, autoimmune, with hemolytic anaemia and polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, autoimmune, with hemolytic anemia and polyendocrinopathy, foxp3, iddm secretory diarrhea syndrome, iddm secretory diarrhoea syndrome, iddm-secretory diarrhea syndrome, iddm-secretory diarrhoea syndrome, immune dysfunction and diarrhea syndrome, immune dysfunction and diarrhoea syndrome, immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy x-linked syndrome, immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked syndrome, immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-x-linked syndrome, immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy x-linked syndrome, immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked, immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked, formerly, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy x-linked, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked, x-linked recessive, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome, ipex, ipex and ipex-like, ipex syndrome, islets of langerhans, absence of, polyendocrinopathy, immune dysfunction and diarrhea x-linked, polyendocrinopathy, immune dysfunction and diarrhoea x-linked, polyendocrinopathy, immune dysfunction, and diarrhea, x-linked, x linked polyendocrinopathy, x-linked autoimmunity-allergic dysregulation syndrome, x-linked immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy syndrome, x-linked syndrome of polyendocrinopathy, immune dysfunction, and diarrhea, xlaad, xpid, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome is characterized by systemic autoimmunity, typically beginning in the first year of life, which includes the triad of enteropathy (manifesting as malabsorption and watery diarrhea), endocrinopathy (most commonly type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and eczematous dermatitis. In addition to these manifestations, many children have other autoimmune phenomena including cytopenias, autoimmune hepatitis, nephropathy, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, alopecia, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease related to immune dysregulation. Fetal presentation of IPEX syndrome includes hydrops, echogenic bowel, skin desquamation, intrauterine growth deficiency, and fetal akinesia. Without aggressive immunosuppression or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the majority of affected males will die within the first one to two years of life from metabolic derangements, severe malabsorption, or sepsis. Individuals with a milder phenotype have survived into the second or third decade of life, but this is uncommon." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome (Concept Id: C0342288)
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<!--
UID=83339
ConceptID=C0342288
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 2--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Images (2)</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1118/bin/ipex-Image002.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1118/bin/ipex-Image002.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1118/figure/ipex.F2/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1118/bin/ipex-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1118/bin/ipex-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1118/figure/ipex.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome<span class="h1sub">(IPEX)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0342288</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndrome X-linked; DIABETES MELLITUS, CONGENITAL INSULIN-DEPENDENT, WITH FATAL SECRETORY DIARRHEA; DIARRHEA, POLYENDOCRINOPATHY, FATAL INFECTION SYNDROME, X-LINKED; ENTEROPATHY, AUTOIMMUNE, WITH HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND POLYENDOCRINOPATHY; IDDM secretory diarrhea syndrome; Immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome; Immunodeficiency, Polyendocrinopathy, and Enteropathy X-Linked Syndrome; IMMUNODEFICIENCY, POLYENDOCRINOPATHY, AND ENTEROPATHY, X-LINKED; Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, X-linked; IPEX; IPEX and IPEX-Like; Polyendocrinopathy, immune dysfunction and diarrhea X-linked; X-Linked Autoimmunity-Allergic Dysregulation Syndrome; X-Linked Syndrome of Polyendocrinopathy, Immune Dysfunction, and Diarrhea</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>X-linked immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy syndrome (724276006); Autoimmune enteropathy type 1 (724276006)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_375779"><div><strong>X-linked recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375779</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375779">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_375779" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="FOXP3 - ID: 50943 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/50943" class="medgenPMinfo">FOXP3</a> (Xp11.23)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010580" target="_blank">MONDO:0010580</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/304790" target="_blank">304790</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=37042">ORPHA37042</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1118" target="_blank">IPEX Syndrome</a></div><div>IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome is characterized by systemic autoimmunity, typically beginning in the first year of life, which includes the triad of enteropathy (manifesting as malabsorption and watery diarrhea), endocrinopathy (most commonly type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and eczematous dermatitis. In addition to these manifestations, many children have other autoimmune phenomena including cytopenias, autoimmune hepatitis, nephropathy, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, alopecia, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease related to immune dysregulation. Fetal presentation of IPEX syndrome includes hydrops, echogenic bowel, skin desquamation, intrauterine growth deficiency, and fetal akinesia. Without aggressive immunosuppression or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the majority of affected males will die within the first one to two years of life from metabolic derangements, severe malabsorption, or sepsis. Individuals with a milder phenotype have survived into the second or third decade of life, but this is uncommon. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Summary" target="NBK1118">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Diagnosis" target="NBK1118">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1118">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorde" target="NBK1118">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1118">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Management" target="NBK1118">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1118">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Resources" target="NBK1118">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1118">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1118">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1118#ipex.References" target="NBK1118">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Queenie K-G Tan  |  Raymond J Louie  |  John W Sleasman   <a href="/books/NBK1118" target="NBK1118" title="NCBI Bookshelf: IPEX Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />IPEX is an X-linked recessive immunologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy of severe diarrhea due to enteropathy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and dermatitis. Other features may include hypothyroidism, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and nephritis. The disorder may be fatal before age 2 years if not aggressively treated. Long-term therapeutic options include immunosuppression and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (review by d'Hennezel et al., 2012).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/304790">http://www.omim.org/entry/304790</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome primarily affects males and is caused by problems with the immune system. The immune system normally protects the body from foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses, by recognizing and attacking these invaders and clearing them from the body. However, the immune system can malfunction and attack the body's own tissues and organs instead, which is known as autoimmunity. IPEX syndrome is characterized by the development of multiple autoimmune disorders in affected individuals. Although IPEX syndrome can affect many different areas of the body, autoimmune disorders involving the intestines, skin, and hormone-producing (endocrine) glands occur most often. IPEX syndrome can be life-threatening in early childhood.<br /><br />Almost all individuals with IPEX syndrome develop a disorder of the intestines called autoimmune enteropathy. Autoimmune enteropathy occurs when certain cells in the intestines are destroyed by a person's immune system. It causes severe diarrhea, which is usually the first symptom of IPEX syndrome. Autoimmune enteropathy typically begins in the first few months of life. It can cause failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive) and general wasting and weight loss (cachexia).<br /><br />People with IPEX syndrome frequently develop inflammation of the skin, called dermatitis. Eczema is the most common type of dermatitis that occurs in this syndrome, and it causes abnormal patches of red, irritated skin. Other skin disorders that cause similar symptoms are sometimes present in IPEX syndrome.<br /><br />The term polyendocrinopathy is used in IPEX syndrome because individuals can develop multiple disorders of the endocrine glands. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition involving the pancreas and is the most common endocrine disorder present in people with IPEX syndrome. It usually develops within the first few months of life and prevents the body from properly controlling the amount of sugar in the blood. Autoimmune thyroid disease may also develop in people with IPEX syndrome. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ in the lower neck that produces hormones. This gland is commonly underactive (hypothyroidism) in individuals with this disorder, but may become overactive (hyperthyroidism).<br /><br />Individuals with IPEX syndrome typically develop other types of autoimmune disorders in addition to those that involve the intestines, skin, and endocrine glands. Autoimmune blood disorders are common; about half of affected individuals have low levels of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), or certain white blood cells (neutropenia) because these cells are attacked by the immune system. In some individuals, IPEX syndrome involves the liver and kidneys.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/immune-dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-x-linked-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/immune-dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-x-linked-syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5515"><div><strong>Hepatitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5515</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019158</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of the liver.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5515">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hepatitis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205515%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96036"><div><strong>Chronic diarrhea</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96036</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0401151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of chronic diarrhea, which is usually taken to mean diarrhea that has persisted for over 4 weeks.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96036">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chronic%20diarrhea%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096036%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154306"><div><strong>Villous atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154306</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0554101</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The enteric villi are atrophic or absent.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154306">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Villous%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154306%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_219874"><div><strong>Ileus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>219874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1258215</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Acute obstruction of the intestines preventing passage of the contents of the intestines.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/219874">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ileus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20219874%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1526"><div><strong>Anemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002871</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1526">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201526%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52737"><div><strong>Thrombocytopenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thrombocytopenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105458"><div><strong>Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105458</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0520736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of hemolytic anemia in which the Coombs test is positive.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105458">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coombs-positive%20hemolytic%20anemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105458%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2043"><div><strong>Arthritis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2043</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003864</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of a joint.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2043">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Arthritis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202043%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3767"><div><strong>Erythroderma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011606</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inflammatory exfoliative dermatosis involving nearly all of the surface of the skin. Erythroderma develops suddenly. A patchy erythema may generalize and spread to affect most of the skin. Scaling may appear in 2-6 days and be accompanied by hot, red, dry skin, malaise, and fever.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3767">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Erythroderma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203767%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3968"><div><strong>Eczematoid dermatitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3968</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3968">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Eczematoid%20dermatitis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203968%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41824"><div><strong>Eosinophilia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41824</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0014457</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased count of eosinophils in the blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41824">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Eosinophilia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041824%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6616"><div><strong>Glomerulonephritis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017658</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of the renal glomeruli.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Glomerulonephritis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116018"><div><strong>Increased circulating IgE concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116018</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0236175</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased overall level of immunoglobulin E in blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116018">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20circulating%20IgE%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116018%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116621"><div><strong>Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116621</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0242584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of thrombocytopenia in combination with detection of antiplatelet antibodies.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116621">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Autoimmune%20thrombocytopenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116621%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96929"><div><strong>Lymphadenopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96929</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0497156</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlargement (swelling) of a lymph node.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96929">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lymphadenopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096929%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_163121"><div><strong>Neutropenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163121</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0853697</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163121">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neutropenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20163121%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335001"><div><strong>Immune dysregulation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335001</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Altered immune function characterized by lymphoid proliferation, immune activation, and excessive autoreactivity often leading to autoimmune/inflammatory complications.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335001">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Immune%20dysregulation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335001%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1370651"><div><strong>Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1370651</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476703</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Laboratory or Test Result</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against glutamic acid decarboxylase.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anti-glutamic%20acid%20decarboxylase%20antibody%20positivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201370651%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1635115"><div><strong>Food allergy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635115</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4554344</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary food allergies primarily occur as a result (most likely) of gastrointestinal sensitization to predominantly stable food allergens (glycoproteins). A secondary food allergy develops after primary sensitization to airborne allergens (e. g., pollen allergens) with subsequent reactions (due to cross-reactivity) to structurally related often labile allergens in (plant) foods.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635115">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Food%20allergy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201635115%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1700844"><div><strong>Severe infection</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1700844</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5139167</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of infection that is regarded as a sign of a pathological susceptibility to infection because of unusual severity or intensity of the infection.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1700844">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Severe%20infection%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201700844%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1863930"><div><strong>Decreased FOXP3-expressing T cell count</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1863930</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5937241</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The number of T cells in peripheral blood that express FOXP3-expressing is below the lower limit of normal. This finding is determined by flow cytometry.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1863930">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20FOXP3-expressing%20T%20cell%20count%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201863930%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41522"><div><strong>Diabetes mellitus type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011854</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), also designated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is a disorder of glucose homeostasis characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of Caucasian populations (Todd, 1990). Genetic studies of T1D have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to this multifactorial phenotype.&#13; The classic phenotype of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41522">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Diabetes%20mellitus%20type%201%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041522%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7982"><div><strong>Alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002170</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7982">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alopecia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207982%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6991"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Deficiency of thyroid hormone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6991">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypothyroidism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206991%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105458" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thrombocytopenia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41522" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diabetes mellitus type 1</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96036" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic diarrhea</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5515" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hepatitis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_219874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ileus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154306" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Villous atrophy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1370651" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116621" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune thrombocytopenia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1863930" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased FOXP3-expressing T cell count</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3968" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Eczematoid dermatitis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41824" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Eosinophilia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Erythroderma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1635115" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Food allergy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glomerulonephritis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335001" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immune dysregulation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116018" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased circulating IgE concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96929" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphadenopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_163121" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neutropenia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1700844" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe infection</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alopecia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2043" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthritis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342288[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=83339">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=83339" target="_blank" href="/omim/300292">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1118/" ref="ncbi_uid=83339">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="ncbi_uid=83339">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842186" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Immunodeficiency syndrome with autoimmunity">Immunodeficiency syndrome with autoimmunity</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=10440&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus secretory diarrhea syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2689136">Octreotide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in conditions associated with excessive peptide secretion.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Battershill PE,
Clissold SP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs</span>
1989 Nov;38(5):658-702.
doi: 10.2165/00003495-198938050-00002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2689136" target="_blank">2689136</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (29)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F15" target="_blank">Methylation analysis (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (37)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (8)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (45)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=304790" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=37042" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=300292" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=50943[geneid]" target="_blank">View FOXP3 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/167736390" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=304790" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Insulin-dependent+diabetes+mellitus+secretory+diarrhea+syndrome/8674" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/immunodysregulation_polyendocrinopathy_and_enteropathy_x_linked_2" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/immune-dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-x-linked-syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/1850/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
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<li>
<a href="/pubmed/20301297" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed?term=Insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus%20secretory%20diarrhea%20syndrome%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=3&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
</li>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
</li>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
</li>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0342288[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related Medical Subject Headings</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books?LinkName=medgen_books&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">NCBI Bookshelf</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Bookshelf</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim_gene&amp;from_uid=83339" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM(Genes)</a>
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