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<meta name="keywords" content="C0268263, disease or syndrome, juvenile sulfatidosis, juvenile sulfatidosis, austin type, msd, mucosulfatidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiencies, multiple sulfatase deficiency, multiple sulfatase deficiency disease, multiple sulphatase deficiency disease, sulfatidosis juvenile, austin type, sulfatidosis, juvenile, austin type, sumf1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Initial symptoms of multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) can develop from infancy through early childhood, and presentation is widely variable. Some individuals display the multisystemic features characteristic of mucopolysaccharidosis disorders (e.g., developmental regression, organomegaly, skeletal deformities) while other individuals present primarily with neurologic regression (associated with leukodystrophy). Based on age of onset, rate of progression, and disease severity, several different clinical subtypes of MSD have been described: Neonatal MSD is the most severe with presentation in the prenatal period or at birth with rapid progression and death occurring within the first two years of life. Infantile MSD is the most common variant and may be characterized as attenuated (slower clinical course with cognitive disability and neurodegeneration identified in the 2nd year of life) or severe (loss of the majority of developmental milestones by age 5 years). Juvenile MSD is the rarest subtype with later onset of symptoms and subacute clinical presentation. Many of the features found in MSD are progressive, including neurologic deterioration, heart disease, hearing loss, and airway compromise." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Multiple sulfatase deficiency<span class="h1sub">(MSD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268263</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Juvenile sulfatidosis; MSD; Mucosulfatidosis; Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Disease; Sulfatidosis, Juvenile, Austin Type</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Multiple sulfatase deficiency (54898003); Mucosulfatidosis (54898003)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="SUMF1 - ID: 285362 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/285362" class="medgenPMinfo">SUMF1</a> (3p26.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010088" target="_blank">MONDO:0010088</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/272200" target="_blank">272200</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=585">ORPHA585</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK538937" target="_blank">Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency</a></div><div>Initial symptoms of multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) can develop from infancy through early childhood, and presentation is widely variable. Some individuals display the multisystemic features characteristic of mucopolysaccharidosis disorders (e.g., developmental regression, organomegaly, skeletal deformities) while other individuals present primarily with neurologic regression (associated with leukodystrophy). Based on age of onset, rate of progression, and disease severity, several different clinical subtypes of MSD have been described: Neonatal MSD is the most severe with presentation in the prenatal period or at birth with rapid progression and death occurring within the first two years of life. Infantile MSD is the most common variant and may be characterized as attenuated (slower clinical course with cognitive disability and neurodegeneration identified in the 2nd year of life) or severe (loss of the majority of developmental milestones by age 5 years). Juvenile MSD is the rarest subtype with later onset of symptoms and subacute clinical presentation. Many of the features found in MSD are progressive, including neurologic deterioration, heart disease, hearing loss, and airway compromise. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Summary" target="NBK538937">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Diagnosis" target="NBK538937">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK538937">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Genetically_Related_Alle" target="NBK538937">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK538937">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Management" target="NBK538937">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK538937">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Resources" target="NBK538937">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK538937">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK538937">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK538937#m-sulfatase-def.References" target="NBK538937">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Lars Schlotawa  |  Laura Adang  |  Mauricio De Castro<i>, et. al.</i>   <a href="/books/NBK538937" target="NBK538937" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting in tissue accumulation of sulfatides, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, sphingolipids, and steroid sulfates. The enzymatic defect affects the whole family of sulfatase enzymes; thus, the disorder combines features of metachromatic leukodystrophy (250100) and of various mucopolysaccharidoses (see, e.g., MPS6; 253200). Affected individuals show neurologic deterioration with impaired intellectual development, skeletal anomalies, organomegaly, and ichthyosis. Different types of MSD can be distinguished according to the age of onset: neonatal, late infantile (0 to 2 years), and juvenile (2 to 4 years). Neonatal MSD is the most severe form with a broad range of mucopolysaccharidosis-like symptoms and death within the first year of life. Late-infantile MSD, which includes the majority of cases, resembles late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy with progressive loss of mental and motor abilities and skeletal changes. There is also an attenuated form of late-infantile MSD with onset beyond the second year of life. Rare cases of juvenile-onset MSD have been reported with onset of symptoms in late childhood and slower progression (Blanco-Aguirre et al., 2001) (summary by Schlotawa et al., 2011).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/272200">http://www.omim.org/entry/272200</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Multiple sulfatase deficiency is a condition that mainly affects the brain, skin, and skeleton. Because the signs and symptoms of multiple sulfatase deficiency vary widely, researchers have split the condition into three types: neonatal, late-infantile, and juvenile.<br /><br />The neonatal type is the most severe form, with signs and symptoms appearing soon after birth. Affected individuals have deterioration of tissue in the nervous system (leukodystrophy), which can contribute to movement problems, seizures, developmental delay, and slow growth. They also have dry, scaly skin (ichthyosis) and excess hair growth (hypertrichosis). Skeletal abnormalities can include abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), joint stiffness, and dysostosis multiplex, which refers to a specific pattern of skeletal abnormalities seen on x-ray. Individuals with the neonatal type typically have facial features that can be described as "coarse." Affected individuals may also have hearing loss, heart malformations, and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). Many of the signs and symptoms of neonatal multiple sulfatase deficiency worsen over time.<br /><br />The late-infantile type is the most common form of multiple sulfatase deficiency. It is characterized by normal cognitive development in early childhood followed by a progressive loss of mental abilities and movement (psychomotor regression) due to leukodystrophy or other brain abnormalities. Individuals with this form of the condition do not have as many features as those with the neonatal type, but they often have ichthyosis, skeletal abnormalities, and coarse facial features.<br /><br />The juvenile type is the rarest form of multiple sulfatase deficiency. Signs and symptoms of the juvenile type appear in mid- to late childhood. Affected individuals have normal early cognitive development but then experience psychomotor regression; however, the regression in the juvenile type usually occurs at a slower rate than in the late-infantile type. Ichthyosis is also common in the juvenile type of multiple sulfatase deficiency.<br /><br />Life expectancy is shortened in individuals with all types of multiple sulfatase deficiency. Typically, affected individuals survive only a few years after the signs and symptoms of the condition appear, but life expectancy varies depending on the severity of the condition and how quickly the neurological problems worsen.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-sulfatase-deficiency">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-sulfatase-deficiency</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870284"><div><strong>Mucopolysacchariduria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4024726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Excessive amounts of mucopolysaccharide in the urine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870284">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mucopolysacchariduria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870284%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140880"><div><strong>Broad thumb</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140880</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426891</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140880">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20thumb%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140880%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_401165"><div><strong>Broad hallux</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>401165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1867131</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Visible increase in width of the hallux without an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/401165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20hallux%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20401165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87607"><div><strong>Short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42428"><div><strong>Hepatomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019209</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased size of the liver.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hepatomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9335"><div><strong>Hydrocephalus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9335</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9335">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hydrocephalus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209335%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7753"><div><strong>Spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7753</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026838</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7753">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spasticity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207753%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116012"><div><strong>Cerebral atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235946</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116012">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116012%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_137898"><div><strong>CNS demyelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>137898</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0338474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/137898">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22CNS%20demyelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20137898%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_451074"><div><strong>Peripheral demyelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>451074</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0878575</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A loss of myelin from the internode regions along myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/451074">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Peripheral%20demyelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20451074%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_329971"><div><strong>Increased CSF protein concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>329971</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1806780</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/329971">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20CSF%20protein%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20329971%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_322973"><div><strong>Lower limb hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322973</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836696</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased intensity of the a reflex in the leg.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322973">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lower%20limb%20hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20322973%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_435926"><div><strong>Abnormal periventricular white matter morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>435926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673431</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A structural abnormality of the myelinated axons (white matter) located near the cerebral ventricles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/435926">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20periventricular%20white%20matter%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20435926%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870462"><div><strong>Rapid neurologic deterioration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870462</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4024908</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870462">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rapid%20neurologic%20deterioration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870462%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_354963"><div><strong>Hypoplastic vertebral bodies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354963</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1863353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354963">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20vertebral%20bodies%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20354963%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_412209"><div><strong>Neonatal hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412209</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2267233</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412209">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20412209%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1851010"><div><strong>Dysostosis multiplex</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1851010</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5848292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1851010">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysostosis%20multiplex%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201851010%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52469"><div><strong>Splenomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52469</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038002</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal increased size of the spleen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52469">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Splenomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052469%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56223"><div><strong>Periorbital edema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56223</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Edema affecting the region situated around the orbit of the eye.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56223">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Periorbital%20edema%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056223%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373291"><div><strong>Prominent forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326962"><div><strong>Large forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839783</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326962">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Large%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326962%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335284"><div><strong>Coarse facial features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845847</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335284">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coarse%20facial%20features%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335284%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342829"><div><strong>Flat face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342829</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853241</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342829">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flat%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342829%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7002"><div><strong>Ichthyosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7002</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020757</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the skin characterized the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales on the skin resulting from an abnormality of keratinization.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7002">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ichthyosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207002%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_40485"><div><strong>Corneal opacity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40485</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010038</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction of corneal clarity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/40485">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corneal%20opacity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2040485%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48432"><div><strong>Retinal degeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48432</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A nonspecific term denoting degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and/or retinal photoreceptor cells.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48432">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Retinal%20degeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048432%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335284" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coarse facial features</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342829" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flat face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Large forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56223" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Periorbital edema</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent forehead</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_401165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad hallux</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140880" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad thumb</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hepatomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_40485" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corneal opacity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48432" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retinal degeneration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870284" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mucopolysacchariduria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52469" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Splenomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7002" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ichthyosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1851010" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysostosis multiplex</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_354963" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic vertebral bodies</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_412209" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_435926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal periventricular white matter morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_137898" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CNS demyelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9335" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydrocephalus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_329971" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased CSF protein concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_322973" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lower limb hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_451074" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peripheral demyelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870462" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rapid neurologic deterioration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7753" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spasticity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268263[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=75664">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=75664" target="_blank" href="/omim/272200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK538937/" ref="ncbi_uid=75664">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75664" ref="ncbi_uid=75664">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Multiple sulfatase deficiency</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842572" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autosomal ichthyosis syndrome with fatal disease course">Autosomal ichthyosis syndrome with fatal disease course</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Multiple sulfatase deficiency</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=6&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Multiple sulfatase deficiency</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33686258">High diagnosis rate for nonimmune hydrops fetalis with prenatal clinical exome from the Hydrops-Yielding Diagnostic Results of Prenatal Sequencing (HYDROPS) Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Kouatly HB,
Makhamreh MM,
Rice SM,
Smith K,
Harman C,
Quinn A,
Valcarcel BN,
Firman B,
Liu R,
Hegde M,
Critchlow E,
Berger SI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2021 Jul;23(7):1325-1333.
Epub 2021 Mar 8
doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01121-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33686258" target="_blank">33686258</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22405600">Expert recommendations for the laboratory diagnosis of MPS VI.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood T,
Bodamer OA,
Burin MG,
D'Almeida V,
Fietz M,
Giugliani R,
Hawley SM,
Hendriksz CJ,
Hwu WL,
Ketteridge D,
Lukacs Z,
Mendelsohn NJ,
Miller N,
Pasquali M,
Schenone A,
Schoonderwoerd K,
Winchester B,
Harmatz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2012 May;106(1):73-82.
Epub 2012 Feb 10
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.02.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22405600" target="_blank">22405600</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16600651">Newborn screening for lysosomal storage disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meikle PJ,
Grasby DJ,
Dean CJ,
Lang DL,
Bockmann M,
Whittle AM,
Fietz MJ,
Simonsen H,
Fuller M,
Brooks DA,
Hopwood JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2006 Aug;88(4):307-14.
Epub 2006 Apr 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.02.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16600651" target="_blank">16600651</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/MPS-II.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Iduronate 2-Sulfatase Deficiency, Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II, 2022</a></h3>
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/MPS-II-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Mucopolysacchardosis Type II (MPSII): Decreased Iduronate 2-Sulfatase (I2S) activity, 2022</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39322377">Lysosomal storage diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burlina AP,
Manara R,
Gueraldi D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2024;204:147-172.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99209-1.00008-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39322377" target="_blank">39322377</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36789546">Drug screening identifies tazarotene and bexarotene as therapeutic agents in multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schlotawa L,
Tyka K,
Kettwig M,
Ahrens-Nicklas RC,
Baud M,
Berulava T,
Brunetti-Pierri N,
Gagne A,
Herbst ZM,
Maguire JA,
Monfregola J,
Pena T,
Radhakrishnan K,
Schröder S,
Waxman EA,
Ballabio A,
Dierks T,
Fischer A,
French DL,
Gelb MH,
Gärtner J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EMBO Mol Med</span>
2023 Mar 8;15(3):e14837.
Epub 2023 Feb 15
doi: 10.15252/emmm.202114837.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36789546" target="_blank">36789546</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9994482" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29972788">Recognition and ER Quality Control of Misfolded Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme by Protein Disulfide Isomerase.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schlotawa L,
Wachs M,
Bernhard O,
Mayer FJ,
Dierks T,
Schmidt B,
Radhakrishnan K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell Rep</span>
2018 Jul 3;24(1):27-37.e4.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29972788" target="_blank">29972788</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23371450">Diagnosing mucopolysaccharidosis IVA.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood TC,
Harvey K,
Beck M,
Burin MG,
Chien YH,
Church HJ,
D'Almeida V,
van Diggelen OP,
Fietz M,
Giugliani R,
Harmatz P,
Hawley SM,
Hwu WL,
Ketteridge D,
Lukacs Z,
Miller N,
Pasquali M,
Schenone A,
Thompson JN,
Tylee K,
Yu C,
Hendriksz CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 Mar;36(2):293-307.
Epub 2013 Feb 1
doi: 10.1007/s10545-013-9587-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23371450" target="_blank">23371450</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3590423" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15907468">Molecular basis for multiple sulfatase deficiency and mechanism for formylglycine generation of the human formylglycine-generating enzyme.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dierks T,
Dickmanns A,
Preusser-Kunze A,
Schmidt B,
Mariappan M,
von Figura K,
Ficner R,
Rudolph MG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell</span>
2005 May 20;121(4):541-552.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15907468" target="_blank">15907468</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (59)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32845037">View from inside: When multiple sulfatase deficiency changes everything about how you live and becomes your life.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finglas A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Nov;43(6):1143-1153.
Epub 2020 Sep 24
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32845037" target="_blank">32845037</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30116974">Doing it All - How Families are Reshaping Rare Disease Research.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ekins S,
Perlstein EO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharm Res</span>
2018 Aug 16;35(10):192.
doi: 10.1007/s11095-018-2481-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30116974" target="_blank">30116974</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6159905" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26945533">Inherited ichthyosis: Syndromic forms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoneda K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dermatol</span>
2016 Mar;43(3):252-63.
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13284.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26945533" target="_blank">26945533</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23371450">Diagnosing mucopolysaccharidosis IVA.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood TC,
Harvey K,
Beck M,
Burin MG,
Chien YH,
Church HJ,
D'Almeida V,
van Diggelen OP,
Fietz M,
Giugliani R,
Harmatz P,
Hawley SM,
Hwu WL,
Ketteridge D,
Lukacs Z,
Miller N,
Pasquali M,
Schenone A,
Thompson JN,
Tylee K,
Yu C,
Hendriksz CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 Mar;36(2):293-307.
Epub 2013 Feb 1
doi: 10.1007/s10545-013-9587-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23371450" target="_blank">23371450</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3590423" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20385007">Mucopolysaccharidosis VI.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Valayannopoulos V,
Nicely H,
Harmatz P,
Turbeville S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2010 Apr 12;5:5.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20385007" target="_blank">20385007</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2873242" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (50)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39169621">Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy improves outcomes in a clinically relevant mouse model of multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pham V,
Tricoli L,
Hong X,
Wongkittichote P,
Castruccio Castracani C,
Guerra A,
Schlotawa L,
Adang LA,
Kuhs A,
Cassidy MM,
Kane O,
Tsai E,
Presa M,
Lutz C,
Rivella SB,
Ahrens-Nicklas RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Ther</span>
2024 Nov 6;32(11):3829-3846.
Epub 2024 Aug 22
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.08.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39169621" target="_blank">39169621</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11573602" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37870986">Biochemical signatures of disease severity in multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adang LA,
Mowafy S,
Herbst ZM,
Zhou Z,
Schlotawa L,
Radhakrishnan K,
Bentley B,
Pham V,
Yu E,
Pillai NR,
Orchard PJ,
De Castro M,
Vanderver A,
Pasquali M,
Gelb MH,
Ahrens-Nicklas RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 Mar;47(2):374-386.
Epub 2023 Nov 1
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12688.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37870986" target="_blank">37870986</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10947943" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36482027">The Effects of N-Acetyl-L-Leucine on the Improvement of Symptoms in a Patient with Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saberi-Karimian M,
Houra M,
Jamialahmadi T,
Sarvghadi P,
Nikbaf M,
Akhlaghi S,
Sahebkar A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2023 Dec;22(6):1250-1256.
Epub 2022 Dec 9
doi: 10.1007/s12311-022-01504-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36482027" target="_blank">36482027</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9735006" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33330992">Can serial cerebral MRIs predict the neuronopathic phenotype of MPS II?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vollebregt AAM,
Ebbink BJ,
Rizopoulos D,
Lequin MH,
Aarsen FK,
Shapiro EG,
van der Ploeg AT,
van den Hout JMP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2021 May;44(3):751-762.
Epub 2021 Jan 25
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12342.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33330992" target="_blank">33330992</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8248480" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32621519">A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases reveals the natural disease history in multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schlotawa L,
Preiskorn J,
Ahrens-Nicklas R,
Schiller S,
Adang LA,
Gärtner J,
Friede T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Nov;43(6):1288-1297.
Epub 2020 Jul 22
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12282.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32621519" target="_blank">32621519</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33330992">Can serial cerebral MRIs predict the neuronopathic phenotype of MPS II?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vollebregt AAM,
Ebbink BJ,
Rizopoulos D,
Lequin MH,
Aarsen FK,
Shapiro EG,
van der Ploeg AT,
van den Hout JMP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2021 May;44(3):751-762.
Epub 2021 Jan 25
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12342.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33330992" target="_blank">33330992</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8248480" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32749716">Natural history of multiple sulfatase deficiency: Retrospective phenotyping and functional variant analysis to characterize an ultra-rare disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adang LA,
Schlotawa L,
Groeschel S,
Kehrer C,
Harzer K,
Staretz-Chacham O,
Silva TO,
Schwartz IVD,
Gärtner J,
De Castro M,
Costin C,
Montgomery EF,
Dierks T,
Radhakrishnan K,
Ahrens-Nicklas RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Nov;43(6):1298-1309.
Epub 2020 Aug 20
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12298.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32749716" target="_blank">32749716</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7693296" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32620537">A systematic cross-sectional survey of multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappuccio G,
Alagia M,
Brunetti-Pierri N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2020 Aug;130(4):283-288.
Epub 2020 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32620537" target="_blank">32620537</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20385007">Mucopolysaccharidosis VI.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Valayannopoulos V,
Nicely H,
Harmatz P,
Turbeville S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2010 Apr 12;5:5.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20385007" target="_blank">20385007</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2873242" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15146462">Molecular and functional analysis of SUMF1 mutations in multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cosma MP,
Pepe S,
Parenti G,
Settembre C,
Annunziata I,
Wade-Martins R,
Di Domenico C,
Di Natale P,
Mankad A,
Cox B,
Uziel G,
Mancini GM,
Zammarchi E,
Donati MA,
Kleijer WJ,
Filocamo M,
Carrozzo R,
Carella M,
Ballabio A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2004 Jun;23(6):576-81.
doi: 10.1002/humu.20040.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15146462" target="_blank">15146462</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (19)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36482027">The Effects of N-Acetyl-L-Leucine on the Improvement of Symptoms in a Patient with Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saberi-Karimian M,
Houra M,
Jamialahmadi T,
Sarvghadi P,
Nikbaf M,
Akhlaghi S,
Sahebkar A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2023 Dec;22(6):1250-1256.
Epub 2022 Dec 9
doi: 10.1007/s12311-022-01504-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36482027" target="_blank">36482027</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9735006" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36433920">New mouse models with hypomorphic SUMF1 variants mimic attenuated forms of multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sorrentino NC,
Presa M,
Attanasio S,
Cacace V,
Sofia M,
Zuberi A,
Ryan J,
Ray S,
Petkovic I,
Radhakrishnan K,
Schlotawa L,
Ballabio A,
Lutz C,
Brunetti-Pierri N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2023 Mar;46(2):335-347.
Epub 2022 Dec 11
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12577.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36433920" target="_blank">36433920</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10832386" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32749716">Natural history of multiple sulfatase deficiency: Retrospective phenotyping and functional variant analysis to characterize an ultra-rare disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adang LA,
Schlotawa L,
Groeschel S,
Kehrer C,
Harzer K,
Staretz-Chacham O,
Silva TO,
Schwartz IVD,
Gärtner J,
De Castro M,
Costin C,
Montgomery EF,
Dierks T,
Radhakrishnan K,
Ahrens-Nicklas RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Nov;43(6):1298-1309.
Epub 2020 Aug 20
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12298.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32749716" target="_blank">32749716</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7693296" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12757706">The multiple sulfatase deficiency gene encodes an essential and limiting factor for the activity of sulfatases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cosma MP,
Pepe S,
Annunziata I,
Newbold RF,
Grompe M,
Parenti G,
Ballabio A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell</span>
2003 May 16;113(4):445-56.
doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00348-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12757706" target="_blank">12757706</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/41450">Arysulfatase A modulation with pH in multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder fibroblasts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fluharty AL,
Stevens RL,
de la Flor SD,
Shapiro LJ,
Kihara H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
1979 Sep;31(5):574-80.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/41450" target="_blank">41450</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1685914" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32621519">A systematic review and meta-analysis of published cases reveals the natural disease history in multiple sulfatase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schlotawa L,
Preiskorn J,
Ahrens-Nicklas R,
Schiller S,
Adang LA,
Gärtner J,
Friede T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2020 Nov;43(6):1288-1297.
Epub 2020 Jul 22
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12282.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32621519" target="_blank">32621519</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple%20sulfatase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (6)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (45)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A1%5F2" target="_blank">Enzyme assay (6)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (12)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (64)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (18)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268263%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (78)</a></total></li>
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