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<meta name="keywords" content="C0175713, agenesis of corpus callosum with chorioretinal abnormality, agenesis of corpus callosum with infantile spasms and ocular abnormalities, aic, aic - aicardi syndrome, aicardi syndrome, aicardi syndrome, x-linked dominant, aicardi's syndrome, aicardi’s syndrome, callosal agenesis and ocular abnormalities, chorioretinal anomalies with acc, corpus callosum agenesis of with chorioretinal abnormality, corpus callosum, agenesis of, with chorioretinal abnormality, disease or syndrome, syndrome, aicardi, syndrome, aicardi's, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Aicardi syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects primarily females. Initially it was characterized by a typical triad of agenesis of the corpus callosum, central chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. As more affected individuals have been ascertained, it has become clear that not all affected girls have all three features of the classic triad and that other neurologic and systemic defects are common, including other brain malformations, optic nerve abnormalities, other seizure types, intellectual disability of varying severity, and scoliosis." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=61236
|
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ConceptID=C0175713
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 1--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1381/bin/aic-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1381/bin/aic-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1381/figure/aic.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Aicardi syndrome<span class="h1sub">(AIC)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0175713</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>AIC; Aicardi's syndrome; CORPUS CALLOSUM, AGENESIS OF, WITH CHORIORETINAL ABNORMALITY</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>AIC - Aicardi syndrome (80651009); Aicardi syndrome (80651009); Aicardi's syndrome (80651009)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_376232"><div><strong>X-linked dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847879</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for dominant traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked dominant disorders tend to manifest very severely in affected males. The severity of manifestation in females may depend on the degree of skewed X inactivation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376232">This record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_376232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010568" target="_blank">MONDO:0010568</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/304050" target="_blank">304050</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=50">ORPHA50</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1381" target="_blank">Aicardi Syndrome</a></div><div>Aicardi syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects primarily females. Initially it was characterized by a typical triad of agenesis of the corpus callosum, central chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. As more affected individuals have been ascertained, it has become clear that not all affected girls have all three features of the classic triad and that other neurologic and systemic defects are common, including other brain malformations, optic nerve abnormalities, other seizure types, intellectual disability of varying severity, and scoliosis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Summary" target="NBK1381">Summary</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Diagnosis" target="NBK1381">Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1381">Clinical Characteristics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1381">Differential Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Management" target="NBK1381">Management</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1381">Genetic Counseling</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Resources" target="NBK1381">Resources</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1381">Molecular Genetics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1381">Chapter Notes</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1381#aic.References" target="NBK1381">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
|
||
V Reid Sutton | Ignatia B Van den Veyver <a href="/books/NBK1381" target="NBK1381" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Aicardi Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Aicardi syndrome is characterized by a triad of callosal agenesis, infantile spasms, and chorioretinal lacunae ('holes'). Flexion spasms in the infant represent the usual mode of clinical presentation (Aicardi, 1999). <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/304050">http://www.omim.org/entry/304050</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Aicardi syndrome is a disorder that occurs almost exclusively in females. It is characterized by three main features that occur together in most affected individuals. People with Aicardi syndrome have absent or underdeveloped tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain (agenesis or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum). They have seizures beginning in infancy (infantile spasms), which tend to progress to recurrent seizures (epilepsy) that can be difficult to treat. Affected individuals also have chorioretinal lacunae, which are defects in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).<br /><br />People with Aicardi syndrome often have additional brain abnormalities, including asymmetry between the two sides of the brain, brain folds and grooves that are small in size or reduced in number, cysts, and enlargement of the fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) near the center of the brain. Some have an unusually small head (microcephaly). Most affected individuals have moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, although some people with this disorder have milder disability.<br /><br />In addition to chorioretinal lacunae, people with Aicardi syndrome may have other eye abnormalities such as small or poorly developed eyes (microphthalmia) or a gap or hole (coloboma) in the optic nerve, a structure that carries information from the eye to the brain. These eye abnormalities may cause blindness in affected individuals.<br /><br />Some people with Aicardi syndrome have unusual facial features including a short area between the upper lip and the nose (philtrum), a flat nose with an upturned tip, large ears, and sparse eyebrows. Other features of this condition include small hands, hand malformations, and spinal and rib abnormalities leading to progressive abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis). They often have gastrointestinal problems such as constipation or diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, and difficulty feeding.<br /><br />The severity of Aicardi syndrome varies. Some people with this disorder have very severe epilepsy and may not survive past childhood. Less severely affected individuals may live into adulthood with milder signs and symptoms. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aicardi-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aicardi-syndrome</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
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|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2867"><div><strong>Carcinoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2867</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0007097</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas (NCI Thesaurus).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2867">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Carcinoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202867%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5477"><div><strong>Hemangioma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5477</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0018916</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A hemangioma is a benign tumor characterized by blood-filled spaces lined by benign endothelial cells. A hemangioma characterized by large endothelial spaces (caverns) is called a cavernous hemangioma (in contrast to a hemangioma with small endothelial spaces, which is called capillary hemangioma).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5477">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hemangioma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205477%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44173"><div><strong>Lipoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44173</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0023798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44173">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lipoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044173%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21097"><div><strong>Teratoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21097</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0039538</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a teratoma.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21097">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Teratoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021097%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_61644"><div><strong>Hepatoblastoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61644</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0206624</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A kind of neoplasm of the liver that originates from immature liver precursor cells and macroscopically is composed of tissue resembling fetal or mature liver cells or bile ducts.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61644">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hepatoblastoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2061644%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_163483"><div><strong>Metastatic angiosarcoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163483</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0854892</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An angiosarcoma that has spread to another anatomical site.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163483">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Metastatic%20angiosarcoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20163483%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_356033"><div><strong>Proximal placement of thumb</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356033</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Proximal mislocalization of the thumb.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356033">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Proximal%20placement%20of%20thumb%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20356033%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_395343"><div><strong>Postnatal growth retardation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395343</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859778</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Slow or limited growth after birth.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395343">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Postnatal%20growth%20retardation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20395343%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2065"><div><strong>Chiari malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0003803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Chiari malformation consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of CSF outflow.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2065">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chiari%20malformation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202065%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_38283"><div><strong>Spina bifida</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>38283</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0080178</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube, whereby some vertebral arches remain unfused and open. The mildest form is spina bifida occulta, followed by meningocele and meningomyelocele.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/38283">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spina%20bifida%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2038283%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78605"><div><strong>Polymicrogyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78605</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0266464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78605">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polymicrogyria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078605%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_120579"><div><strong>Macrogyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0266483</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macrogyria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20120579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_452349"><div><strong>Gray matter heterotopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>452349</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0266491</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/452349">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gray%20matter%20heterotopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20452349%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87376"><div><strong>Choroid plexus cyst</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0338597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A cyst occurring within the choroid plexus within a cerebral ventricle.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87376">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Choroid%20plexus%20cyst%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087376%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98127"><div><strong>Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98127</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0431368</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A partial failure of the development of the corpus callosum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98127">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Partial%20agenesis%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098127%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_315948"><div><strong>Epileptic spasm</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>315948</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1527366</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension-flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not as sustained as a tonic seizure. Limited forms may occur</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/315948">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epileptic%20spasm%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20315948%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_333548"><div><strong>Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333548</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333548">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20vermis%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20333548%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_327087"><div><strong>Cavum septum pellucidum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>327087</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840380</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">If the two laminae of the septum pellucidum are not fused then a fluid-filled space or cavum is present. The cavum septum pellucidum is present at birth but usually obliterates by the age of 3 to 6 months. It is up to 1cm in width and the walls are parallel. It is an enclosed space and is not part of the ventricular system or connected with the subarachnoid space.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/327087">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cavum%20septum%20pellucidum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20327087%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_383904"><div><strong>Lateral ventricle dilatation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383904</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856409</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383904">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lateral%20ventricle%20dilatation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20383904%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892508"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, profound</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3161330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892508">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20profound%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892508%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854616"><div><strong>Infantile spasms</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3887898</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile spasms represent a subset of "epileptic spasms". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Infantile%20spasms%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870494"><div><strong>Dilated third ventricle</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870494</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4024941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the third ventricle.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870494">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilated%20third%20ventricle%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870494%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_82720"><div><strong>Hemivertebrae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82720</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265677</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of one half of the vertebral body.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82720">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hemivertebrae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2082720%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78570"><div><strong>Rib fusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78570</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Complete or partial merging of adjacent ribs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78570">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rib%20fusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078570%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83380"><div><strong>Supernumerary ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83380</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0345397</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of more than 12 rib pairs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83380">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Supernumerary%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083380%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98093"><div><strong>Missing ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0426816</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental anomaly with absence of one or more ribs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98093">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Missing%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098093%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_375498"><div><strong>Block vertebrae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844753</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital synostosis between two or more adjacent vertebrae (partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertabral bodies).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20375498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_412683"><div><strong>Prominence of the premaxilla</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412683</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2749369</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Prominent positioning of the premaxilla in relation to the rest of the maxilla, the facial skeleton, or mandible. Not necessarily caused by an increase in size (hypertrophy of) the premaxilla.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412683">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominence%20of%20the%20premaxilla%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20412683%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_419183"><div><strong>Dandy-Walker malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419183</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931867</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419183">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dandy-Walker%20malformation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20419183%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_483347"><div><strong>Hiatus hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>483347</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3489393</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a hernia in which the upper part of the stomach, i.e., mainly the gastric cardia protrudes through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hiatus%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20483347%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1648338"><div><strong>Bifid ribs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648338</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4721788</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A bifid rib refers to cleavage of the sternal end of a rib, usually unilateral. Bifid ribs are usually asymptomatic, and are often discovered incidentally by chest x-ray.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648338">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bifid%20ribs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201648338%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1744309"><div><strong>Butterfly vertebrae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1744309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5438458</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A butterfly vertebra (sagittal cleft vertebra or anterior rachischisis) is a sagittal defect in the vertebral body caused by failure of fusion of the two lateral chondrification centers during embryogenesis. The name is based on the appearance of the two hemivertebrae emerging as butterfly wings from the central cleft on x-ray.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1744309">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Butterfly%20vertebrae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201744309%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195802"><div><strong>Recurrent pneumonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195802</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0694550</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased susceptibility to pneumonia as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of pneumonia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195802">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Recurrent%20pneumonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195802%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_40327"><div><strong>Cleft upper lip</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40327</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0008924</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/40327">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20upper%20lip%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2040327%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_266298"><div><strong>Facial asymmetry</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>266298</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1306710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/266298">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Facial%20asymmetry%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20266298%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_387768"><div><strong>Sparse lateral eyebrow</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>387768</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857206</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Decreased density/number and/or decreased diameter of lateral eyebrow hairs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/387768">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sparse%20lateral%20eyebrow%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20387768%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11452"><div><strong>Skin tags</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11452</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0037293</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cutaneous skin tags also known as acrochorda or fibroepithelial polyps are small benign tumors that may either form secondarily over time primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as the neck, armpit or groin or may also be present at birth, in which case they usually occur in the periauricular region.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11452">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Skin%20tags%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011452%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1845238"><div><strong>Abnormality of the skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5848159</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the skin.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845238">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20the%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201845238%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18752"><div><strong>Precocious puberty</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18752</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0034013</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The onset of secondary sexual characteristics before a normal age. Although it is difficult to define normal age ranges because of the marked variation with which puberty begins in normal children, precocious puberty can be defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls or 9 years in boys.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18752">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Precocious%20puberty%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018752%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10033"><div><strong>Microphthalmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10033</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026010</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Microphthalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition, one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. In some affected individuals, the eyeball may appear to be completely missing; however, even in these cases some remaining eye tissue is generally present. Such severe microphthalmia should be distinguished from another condition called anophthalmia, in which no eyeball forms at all. However, the terms anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia are often used interchangeably. Microphthalmia may or may not result in significant vision loss.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have a condition called coloboma. Colobomas are missing pieces of tissue in structures that form the eye. They may appear as notches or gaps in the colored part of the eye called the iris; the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye; the blood vessel layer under the retina called the choroid; or in the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain. Colobomas may be present in one or both eyes and, depending on their size and location, can affect a person's vision.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have other eye abnormalities, including clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract) and a narrowed opening of the eye (narrowed palpebral fissure). Additionally, affected individuals may have an abnormality called microcornea, in which the clear front covering of the eye (cornea) is small and abnormally curved.\n\nBetween one-third and one-half of affected individuals have microphthalmia as part of a syndrome that affects other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. When microphthalmia occurs by itself, it is described as nonsyndromic or isolated.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10033">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microphthalmia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010033%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18180"><div><strong>Optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0029124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Optic%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19759"><div><strong>Retinal detachment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0035305</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary or spontaneous detachment of the retina occurs due to underlying ocular disease and often involves the vitreous as well as the retina. The precipitating event is formation of a retinal tear or hole, which permits fluid to accumulate under the sensory layers of the retina and creates an intraretinal cleavage that destroys the neurosensory process of visual reception. Vitreoretinal degeneration and tear formation are painless phenomena, and in most cases, significant vitreoretinal pathology is found only after detachment of the retina starts to cause loss of vision or visual field. Without surgical intervention, retinal detachment will almost inevitably lead to total blindness (summary by McNiel and McPherson, 1971).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19759">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Retinal%20detachment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019759%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39462"><div><strong>Cataract</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39462</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0086543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39462">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cataract%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039462%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57832"><div><strong>Coloboma of optic nerve</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57832</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0155299</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A cleft of the optic nerve that extends inferiorly.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57832">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coloboma%20of%20optic%20nerve%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057832%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_375497"><div><strong>Chorioretinal lacunae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375497</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844751</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Punched out lesions in the pigmented layer of the retina.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375497">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chorioretinal%20lacunae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20375497%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_40327" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft upper lip</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_266298" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Facial asymmetry</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_387768" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sparse lateral eyebrow</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_356033" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proximal placement of thumb</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18752" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Precocious puberty</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39462" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cataract</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_375497" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chorioretinal lacunae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57832" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coloboma of optic nerve</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10033" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microphthalmia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retinal detachment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1845238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of the skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11452" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Skin tags</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1648338" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bifid ribs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_375498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Block vertebrae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1744309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Butterfly vertebrae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_419183" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dandy-Walker malformation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_82720" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hemivertebrae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_483347" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hiatus hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Missing ribs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_412683" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominence of the premaxilla</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78570" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rib fusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83380" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Supernumerary ribs</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_327087" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cavum septum pellucidum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_333548" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2065" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chiari malformation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87376" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Choroid plexus cyst</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870494" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated third ventricle</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_315948" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epileptic spasm</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_452349" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gray matter heterotopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile spasms</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, profound</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_383904" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lateral ventricle dilatation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_120579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrogyria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98127" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78605" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_38283" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spina bifida</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195802" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Recurrent pneumonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_395343" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Postnatal growth retardation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Neoplasm</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2867" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Carcinoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5477" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hemangioma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_61644" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hepatoblastoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44173" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lipoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_163483" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metastatic angiosarcoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21097" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Teratoma</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175713[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=61236">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=61236" target="_blank" href="/omim/304050">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1381/" ref="ncbi_uid=61236">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=61236" ref="ncbi_uid=61236">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Aicardi syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842633" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cerebral malformation with epilepsy">Cerebral malformation with epilepsy</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Aicardi syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=254&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Aicardi syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34984691">Prenatal diagnosis of Aicardi syndrome based on a suggestive imaging pattern: A multicenter case-series.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pomar L,
|
||
Ochoa J,
|
||
Cabet S,
|
||
Huisman TAGM,
|
||
Paladini D,
|
||
Klaritsch P,
|
||
Galmiche A,
|
||
Prayer F,
|
||
Gacio S,
|
||
Haratz K,
|
||
Malinger G,
|
||
Van Mieghem T,
|
||
Baud D,
|
||
Bromley B,
|
||
Lebon S,
|
||
Dubruc E,
|
||
Vial Y,
|
||
Guibaud L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
|
||
2022 Apr;42(4):484-494.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jan 10
|
||
doi: 10.1002/pd.6085.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34984691" target="_blank">34984691</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9302986" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32620025">Aicardi Syndrome: Key Fetal MRI Features and Prenatal Differential Diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masnada S,
|
||
Chiara D,
|
||
Giana I,
|
||
Manuela F,
|
||
Marco S,
|
||
Andrea A,
|
||
Patrizia A,
|
||
Nadia BB,
|
||
Valeria C,
|
||
Mara C,
|
||
Bernardo DB,
|
||
Francesca D,
|
||
Valentina G,
|
||
Elisa F,
|
||
Miguel FRL,
|
||
Carlo F,
|
||
Lucio G,
|
||
Simona O,
|
||
Lorenzo P,
|
||
Erika R,
|
||
Antonino R,
|
||
Mariasavina S,
|
||
Carlotta S,
|
||
Pierangelo V,
|
||
Anna P,
|
||
Andrea R,
|
||
Cecilia P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;51(4):276-285.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jul 3
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710528.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32620025" target="_blank">32620025</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23640781">Distortion of the anterior part of the interhemispheric fissure: significance and implications for prenatal diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vinurel N,
|
||
Van Nieuwenhuyse A,
|
||
Cagneaux M,
|
||
Garel C,
|
||
Quarello E,
|
||
Brasseur M,
|
||
Picone O,
|
||
Ferry M,
|
||
Gaucherand P,
|
||
des Portes V,
|
||
Guibaud L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol</span>
|
||
2014 Mar;43(3):346-52.
|
||
Epub 2014 Jan 2
|
||
doi: 10.1002/uog.12498.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23640781" target="_blank">23640781</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22aicardi%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33124662">Hypercalcemia in Children Using the Ketogenic Diet: A Multicenter Study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hawkes CP,
|
||
Roy SM,
|
||
Dekelbab B,
|
||
Frazier B,
|
||
Grover M,
|
||
Haidet J,
|
||
Listman J,
|
||
Madsen S,
|
||
Roan M,
|
||
Rodd C,
|
||
Sopher A,
|
||
Tebben P,
|
||
Levine MA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2021 Jan 23;106(2):e485-e495.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa759.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33124662" target="_blank">33124662</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7823241" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26799923">Goltz syndrome and PORCN: A view from Europe.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Happle R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
|
||
2016 Mar;172C(1):21-3.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jan 22
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31469.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26799923" target="_blank">26799923</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25204757">Epilepsy and mental retardation restricted to females: X-linked epileptic infantile encephalopathy of unusual inheritance.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Duszyc K,
|
||
Terczynska I,
|
||
Hoffman-Zacharska D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Appl Genet</span>
|
||
2015 Feb;56(1):49-56.
|
||
Epub 2014 Sep 10
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s13353-014-0243-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25204757" target="_blank">25204757</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24747641">De novo mutations in HCN1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nava C,
|
||
Dalle C,
|
||
Rastetter A,
|
||
Striano P,
|
||
de Kovel CG,
|
||
Nabbout R,
|
||
Cancès C,
|
||
Ville D,
|
||
Brilstra EH,
|
||
Gobbi G,
|
||
Raffo E,
|
||
Bouteiller D,
|
||
Marie Y,
|
||
Trouillard O,
|
||
Robbiano A,
|
||
Keren B,
|
||
Agher D,
|
||
Roze E,
|
||
Lesage S,
|
||
Nicolas A,
|
||
Brice A,
|
||
Baulac M,
|
||
Vogt C,
|
||
El Hajj N,
|
||
Schneider E,
|
||
Suls A,
|
||
Weckhuysen S,
|
||
Gormley P,
|
||
Lehesjoki AE,
|
||
De Jonghe P,
|
||
Helbig I,
|
||
Baulac S,
|
||
Zara F,
|
||
Koeleman BP;
|
||
EuroEPINOMICS RES Consortium,
|
||
Haaf T,
|
||
LeGuern E,
|
||
Depienne C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Genet</span>
|
||
2014 Jun;46(6):640-5.
|
||
Epub 2014 Apr 20
|
||
doi: 10.1038/ng.2952.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24747641" target="_blank">24747641</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21465423">Sonographic diagnosis of cerebral malformations. Part 3: agenesis of the corpus callosum - migration disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Deeg KH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ultraschall Med</span>
|
||
2011 Apr;32(2):128-44; quiz 145-6.
|
||
Epub 2011 Apr 4
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1245999.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21465423" target="_blank">21465423</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aicardi%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (52)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32294766">Chorioretinal Lacunae in Aicardi's Syndrome: Key for the Diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Leeuw C,
|
||
Kurver A,
|
||
Verrips A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;51(4):311-312.
|
||
Epub 2020 Apr 15
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709454.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32294766" target="_blank">32294766</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30231182">Aicardi Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Law JC,
|
||
Breazzano MP,
|
||
Eliott D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</span>
|
||
2018 Sep 20;55(5):344.
|
||
doi: 10.3928/01913913-20180409-03.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30231182" target="_blank">30231182</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27193831">Aicardi syndrome: when to suspect the unexpected.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nascimento FA,
|
||
Aljaafari D,
|
||
Rahim M,
|
||
Krings T,
|
||
Andrade D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epileptic Disord</span>
|
||
2016 Jun 1;18(2):216.
|
||
doi: 10.1684/epd.2016.0826.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27193831" target="_blank">27193831</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26799923">Goltz syndrome and PORCN: A view from Europe.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Happle R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
|
||
2016 Mar;172C(1):21-3.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jan 22
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31469.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26799923" target="_blank">26799923</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22815034">Aicardi syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh P,
|
||
Goraya JS,
|
||
Saggar K,
|
||
Ahluwalia A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Singapore Med J</span>
|
||
2012 Jul;53(7):e153-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22815034" target="_blank">22815034</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aicardi%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (127)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35303699">The role of vagus nerve stimulation in genetic etiologies of drug-resistant epilepsy: a meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hajtovic S,
|
||
LoPresti MA,
|
||
Zhang L,
|
||
Katlowitz KA,
|
||
Kizek DJ,
|
||
Lam S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg Pediatr</span>
|
||
2022 Jun 1;29(6):667-680.
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 18
|
||
doi: 10.3171/2022.1.PEDS222.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35303699" target="_blank">35303699</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33599921">Hepatic Adenomatosis in Aicardi Syndrome: a Clinical Report and Review of the Literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boninsegna E,
|
||
Simonini E,
|
||
Crosara S,
|
||
Semeraro A,
|
||
Colopi S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Gastrointest Cancer</span>
|
||
2021 Sep;52(3):1148-1150.
|
||
Epub 2021 Feb 18
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12029-021-00606-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33599921" target="_blank">33599921</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33124662">Hypercalcemia in Children Using the Ketogenic Diet: A Multicenter Study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hawkes CP,
|
||
Roy SM,
|
||
Dekelbab B,
|
||
Frazier B,
|
||
Grover M,
|
||
Haidet J,
|
||
Listman J,
|
||
Madsen S,
|
||
Roan M,
|
||
Rodd C,
|
||
Sopher A,
|
||
Tebben P,
|
||
Levine MA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2021 Jan 23;106(2):e485-e495.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa759.
|
||
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spennato P,
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La Porta A,
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Varone A,
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Ruggiero C,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22898088" target="_blank">22898088</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4624502">The Aicardi syndrome.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dennis J,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33124662" target="_blank">33124662</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7823241" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30536540">Aicardi syndrome, an unsolved mystery: Review of diagnostic features, previous attempts, and future opportunities for genetic examination.</a></div>
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19004586" target="_blank">19004586</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosser TL,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aicardi%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36030575">EEG at onset and MRI predict long-term clinical outcome in Aicardi syndrome.</a></div>
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36030575" target="_blank">36030575</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32620025">Aicardi Syndrome: Key Fetal MRI Features and Prenatal Differential Diagnosis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masnada S,
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Giana I,
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Mara C,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32620025" target="_blank">32620025</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26682992">Cortical interneuron dysfunction in epilepsy associated with autism spectrum disorders.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jacob J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
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2016 Feb;57(2):182-93.
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Epub 2015 Dec 19
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||
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|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26682992" target="_blank">26682992</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26345274">Severe CNS involvement in WWOX mutations: Description of five new cases.</a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tabarki B,
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AlHashem A,
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||
AlShahwan S,
|
||
Alkuraya FS,
|
||
Gedela S,
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||
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26345274" target="_blank">26345274</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14568821">Aicardi syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosser T</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
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2003 Oct;60(10):1471-3.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14568821" target="_blank">14568821</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aicardi%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (43)</a></div></div>
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|
||
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35303699">The role of vagus nerve stimulation in genetic etiologies of drug-resistant epilepsy: a meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hajtovic S,
|
||
LoPresti MA,
|
||
Zhang L,
|
||
Katlowitz KA,
|
||
Kizek DJ,
|
||
Lam S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg Pediatr</span>
|
||
2022 Jun 1;29(6):667-680.
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 18
|
||
doi: 10.3171/2022.1.PEDS222.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35303699" target="_blank">35303699</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aicardi%20syndrome%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175713%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/aicardi_syndrome" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Aicardi%20syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aicardi-syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5764/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed/20301555" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Aicardi%20syndrome" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Aicardi%20syndrome%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=3&linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d13bc6f4a390645eb058e3">"Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospital... <span class="number">(2)</span></a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d13bc584f3725e59ad5cf3">"Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospital... <span class="number">(1)</span></a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d13bc4b15b832ebc8f3dc7">"Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospital... <span class="number">(1)</span></a>
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<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">"Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"[submitter] AND "WDFY3-AS1"[gene]<div class="brieflinkpopdesc">Search</div></div>
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