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<meta name="keywords" content="C0162309, abcd1, abcd1 deficiency, addison disease and cerebral sclerosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked, adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked recessive, adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult, adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult, x-linked recessive, ald, ald (adrenoleukodystrophy), ald - adrenoleukodystrophy, bronze schilder disease, bronze-schilder disease, diffuse cerebral sclerosis of schilder, diffuse sclerosis, disease or syndrome, encephalitis periaxialis concentrica, encephalitis periaxialis, schilder's, leukodystrophies, melanodermic, leukodystrophy, melanodermic, melanodermic leukodystrophy, schilder addison complex, schilder-addison complex, siemerling creutzfeldt disease, siemerling-creutzfeldt disease, sudanophilic cerebral sclerosis, x ald, x ald (x linked adrenoleukodystrophy), x linked adrenoleukodystrophy, x-ald, x-ald (x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy), x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, x-linked ald, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) involves the central or peripheral nervous system and the adrenal cortex. The nervous system and adrenal glands are involved independently; thus, an affected male may be diagnosed with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and/or primary adrenocortical insufficiency. CALD is characterized by progressive behavioral, cognitive, and neurologic deficits; onset of symptoms ranges from childhood (typically ages 4 to 8 years) to adolescence (ages 11 to 21 years) and adulthood. AMN is characterized by leg weakness, spasticity, clumsy gait, pain, and bladder and bowel dysfunction; onset is typically in the 20s and 30s. Onset of primary adrenocortical insufficiency ranges from age two years to adulthood (most commonly by age 7.5 years). Heterozygous females are not at increased risk to develop CALD, but are at increased risk to develop AMN and primary adrenocortical insufficiency with increasing age." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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||
UID=57667
|
||
ConceptID=C0162309
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Adrenoleukodystrophy<span class="h1sub">(ALD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0162309</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>ADDISON DISEASE AND CEREBRAL SCLEROSIS; Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-Linked; ALD; BRONZE SCHILDER DISEASE; MELANODERMIC LEUKODYSTROPHY; SIEMERLING-CREUTZFELDT DISEASE</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Adrenoleukodystrophy (65389002); Bronze Schilder disease (65389002); Schilder-Addison complex (65389002); Siemerling-Creutzfeldt disease (65389002); ALD - adrenoleukodystrophy (65389002); X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (65389002)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_376232"><div><strong>X-linked dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847879</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for dominant traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked dominant disorders tend to manifest very severely in affected males. The severity of manifestation in females may depend on the degree of skewed X inactivation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376232">This record</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_376232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="ABCD1 - ID: 215 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/215" class="medgenPMinfo">ABCD1</a> (Xq28)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0018544" target="_blank">MONDO:0018544</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/300100" target="_blank">300100</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=43">ORPHA43</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1315" target="_blank">X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy</a></div><div>X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) involves the central or peripheral nervous system and the adrenal cortex. The nervous system and adrenal glands are involved independently; thus, an affected male may be diagnosed with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and/or primary adrenocortical insufficiency. CALD is characterized by progressive behavioral, cognitive, and neurologic deficits; onset of symptoms ranges from childhood (typically ages 4 to 8 years) to adolescence (ages 11 to 21 years) and adulthood. AMN is characterized by leg weakness, spasticity, clumsy gait, pain, and bladder and bowel dysfunction; onset is typically in the 20s and 30s. Onset of primary adrenocortical insufficiency ranges from age two years to adulthood (most commonly by age 7.5 years). Heterozygous females are not at increased risk to develop CALD, but are at increased risk to develop AMN and primary adrenocortical insufficiency with increasing age. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Summary" target="NBK1315">Summary</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.GeneReview_Scope" target="NBK1315">GeneReview Scope</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Diagnosis" target="NBK1315">Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1315">Clinical Characteristics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disord" target="NBK1315">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1315">Differential Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Management" target="NBK1315">Management</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1315">Genetic Counseling</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Resources" target="NBK1315">Resources</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1315">Molecular Genetics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1315">Chapter Notes</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1315#x-ald.References" target="NBK1315">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
|
||
Gerald V Raymond | Ann B Moser | Ali Fatemi <a href="/books/NBK1315" target="NBK1315" title="NCBI Bookshelf: X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy">view full author information</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked disorder which is secondary to a mutation in the ABCD1 gene and results in the apparent defect in peroxisomal beta oxidation and the accumulation of the saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in all tissues of the body. The manifestations of the disorder occur primarily in the adrenal cortex, the myelin of the central nervous system, and the Leydig cells of the testes.
|
||
ABCD1 is an ATPase binding cassette protein in the same category of transporter proteins such as the CFTR and MDR proteins.
|
||
Identification of X-ALD as a lipid-storage disease, as a defect in the capacity to degrade VLCFAs, and its characterization as a peroxisomal disorder was reviewed by Moser (1997).
|
||
Moser et al. (2005) provided a clinical review of ALD. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/300100">http://www.omim.org/entry/300100</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney. In this disorder, the fatty covering (myelin) that insulates nerves in the brain and spinal cord tends to deteriorate (a condition called demyelination). The loss of myelin reduces the ability of the nerves to relay information to the brain. In addition, damage to the outer layer of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex) causes a shortage of certain hormones (adrenocortical insufficiency). Adrenocortical insufficiency may cause weakness, weight loss, skin changes, vomiting, and coma.<br /><br />There are four distinct types of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: a childhood cerebral form, an adrenomyeloneuropathy type, an adrenal insufficiency only form, and a type called asymptomatic.<br /><br />The childhood cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy typically occurs in boys. Girls are rarely affected with this type. If not treated, affected boys experience learning and behavioral problems that usually begin between the ages of 4 and 10. Over time the symptoms can worsen, and children may have difficulty reading, writing, understanding speech, and comprehending written material. Additional signs and symptoms of the cerebral form include aggressive behavior, vision problems, difficulty swallowing, poor coordination, and impaired adrenal gland function. The rate at which this disorder progresses is variable but can be extremely rapid, often leading to total disability within a few years. The life expectancy of individuals with this type depends on whether early diagnosis and treatment are available. Without treatment, individuals with the cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy usually survive only a few years after symptoms begin.<br /><br />Signs and symptoms of the adrenomyeloneuropathy type appear between early adulthood and middle age. Affected individuals develop progressive stiffness and weakness in their legs (paraparesis), experience urinary and genital tract disorders, and often show changes in behavior and intellectual function. Most people with the adrenomyeloneuropathy type also have adrenocortical insufficiency. Some severely affected individuals develop cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. <br /><br />People with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy whose only symptom is adrenocortical insufficiency are said to have the adrenal insufficiency only form. In these individuals, adrenocortical insufficiency can begin anytime between the first year of life and adulthood. However, most affected individuals develop the additional features of cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in childhood or the adrenomyeloneuropathy type by the time they reach middle age. The life expectancy of individuals with the adrenal insufficiency form depends on the severity of the signs and symptoms, but typically this is the mildest of the three types.<br /><br />Children with the asymptomatic form do not appear to have any symptoms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, but medical testing may show brain or biochemical abnormalities. Some individuals with the asymptomatic form may develop features of other types of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy later in life.<br /><br />Rarely, individuals with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy develop multiple features of the disorder in adolescence or early adulthood. In addition to adrenocortical insufficiency, these individuals usually have psychiatric disorders and a loss of intellectual function (dementia). It is unclear whether these individuals have a distinct form of the condition or a variation of one of the previously described types.<br /><br />For reasons that are unclear, different forms of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy can be seen in affected individuals within the same family. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy</a></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41977"><div><strong>Bowel incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41977</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0015732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41977">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bowel%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041977%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_334804"><div><strong>Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334804</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1843663</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334804">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20334804%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1720680"><div><strong>Impotence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">CN208474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Impotence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201720680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324478"><div><strong>Lower limb muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836296</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the muscles of the legs.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324478">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lower%20limb%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324478%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14048"><div><strong>Atypical behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0004941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14048">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atypical%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014048%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_17999"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>17999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0027746</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/17999">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurodegeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2017999%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19568"><div><strong>Psychotic disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0033975</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19568">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Psychotic%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019568%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20882"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20882</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0037772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20882">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20paraplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020882%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57502"><div><strong>Polyneuropathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57502</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0152025</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">A generalized disorder of peripheral nerves.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57502">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyneuropathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057502%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113150"><div><strong>Paraparesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113150</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221166</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113150">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Paraparesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113150%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65885"><div><strong>Slurred speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65885</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0234518</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal coordination of muscles involved in speech.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65885">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Slurred%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065885%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66713"><div><strong>Mental deterioration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0234985</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults.</div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66713">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mental%20deterioration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066713%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96535"><div><strong>Truncal ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0427190</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Truncal ataxia is a sign of ataxia characterized by instability of the trunk. It usually occurs during sitting.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96535">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Truncal%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096535%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99229"><div><strong>Dementia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0497327</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.</div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99229">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dementia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099229%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_141714"><div><strong>Incoordination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141714</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0520966</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/141714">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Incoordination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20141714%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107445"><div><strong>Loss of speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107445</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0542223</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107445">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Loss%20of%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107445%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196692"><div><strong>Limb ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196692</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0750937</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">A kind of ataxia that affects movements of the extremities.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196692">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limb%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196692%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_181756"><div><strong>Abnormal cerebral white matter morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>181756</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0948163</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the cerebral white matter.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/181756">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20cerebral%20white%20matter%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20181756%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220387"><div><strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220387</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1263846</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.\n\nIn people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.\n\nHyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.\n\nImpulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.\n\nMore than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.\n\nIn most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220387">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220387%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343107"><div><strong>Impaired vibration sensation at ankles</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343107</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration at the ankles. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to the malleoli of the ankles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343107">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Impaired%20vibration%20sensation%20at%20ankles%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343107%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_898626"><div><strong>Bulbar palsy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898626</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4082299</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bulbar weakness (or bulbar palsy) refers to bilateral impairment of function of the lower cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII, which occurs due to lower motor neuron lesion either at nuclear or fascicular level in the medulla or from bilateral lesions of the lower cranial nerves outside the brain-stem. Bulbar weakness is often associated with difficulty in chewing, weakness of the facial muscles, dysarthria, palatal weakness and regurgitation of fluids, dysphagia, and dysphonia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898626">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bulbar%20palsy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20898626%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_395207"><div><strong>Elevated circulating long chain fatty acid concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395207</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859241</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased concentration of long-chain fatty acids in the blood circulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395207">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20long%20chain%20fatty%20acid%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20395207%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7982"><div><strong>Alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0002170</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7982">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alopecia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207982%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57992"><div><strong>Hyperpigmentation of the skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57992</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0162834</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A darkening of the skin related to an increase in melanin production and deposition.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57992">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperpigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057992%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5711"><div><strong>Hypogonadism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5711</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020619</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased functionality of the gonad.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5711">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypogonadism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205711%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854614"><div><strong>Primary adrenal insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854614</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3887896</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Insufficient production of steroid hormones (primarily cortisol) by the adrenal glands as a result of a primary defect in the glands themselves.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854614">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Primary%20adrenal%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854614%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99138"><div><strong>Blindness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99138</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0456909</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99138">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Blindness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099138%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_784038"><div><strong>Visual loss</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>784038</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3665386</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/784038">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Visual%20loss%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20784038%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324478" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lower limb muscle weakness</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_395207" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating long chain fatty acid concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the endocrine system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5711" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypogonadism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854614" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary adrenal insufficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99138" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blindness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_784038" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Visual loss</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1720680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Impotence</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_334804" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alopecia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57992" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperpigmentation of the skin</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_181756" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal cerebral white matter morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220387" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atypical behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_898626" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bulbar palsy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dementia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343107" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Impaired vibration sensation at ankles</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_141714" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Incoordination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196692" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limb ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107445" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Loss of speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66713" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mental deterioration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_17999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113150" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paraparesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57502" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyneuropathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Psychotic disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65885" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Slurred speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20882" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Truncal ataxia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41977" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bowel incontinence</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0162309[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=57667">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=57667" target="_blank" href="/omim/300100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1315/" ref="ncbi_uid=57667">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=57667" ref="ncbi_uid=57667">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Adrenoleukodystrophy</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2026514[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1708324">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1708324" ref="ncbi_uid=1708324">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1708324" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1708324&link_uid=1708324" title="View MedGen record for 'X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy'">X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1527231[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=315918">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=315918" target="_blank" href="/omim/300100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/315918" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=315918&link_uid=315918" title="View MedGen record for 'Adrenomyeloneuropathy'">Adrenomyeloneuropathy</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/893021" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the endocrine system">Abnormality of the endocrine system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892577" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the adrenal glands">Abnormality of the adrenal glands</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868802" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of adrenal physiology">Abnormality of adrenal physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1351" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Adrenal insufficiency">Adrenal insufficiency</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Adrenoleukodystrophy</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/315918" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Adrenomyeloneuropathy">Adrenomyeloneuropathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1641046" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy">Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1708324" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy">X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=761&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Adrenoleukodystrophy</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36373727">An update on the diagnosis and treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gujral J,
|
||
Sethuram S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes</span>
|
||
2023 Feb 1;30(1):44-51.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 14
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000782.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36373727" target="_blank">36373727</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31909500">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: Pathology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, newborn screening and therapies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Turk BR,
|
||
Theda C,
|
||
Fatemi A,
|
||
Moser AB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dev Neurosci</span>
|
||
2020 Feb;80(1):52-72.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jan 26
|
||
doi: 10.1002/jdn.10003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31909500" target="_blank">31909500</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7041623" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25115486">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: pathogenesis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Engelen M,
|
||
Kemp S,
|
||
Poll-The BT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep</span>
|
||
2014 Oct;14(10):486.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0486-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25115486" target="_blank">25115486</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22adrenoleukodystrophy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (106)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22071894">Clinical utility gene card for: adrenoleukodystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Krasemann E,
|
||
Kemp S,
|
||
Gal A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2012 Mar;20(3)
|
||
Epub 2011 Nov 9
|
||
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.193.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22071894" target="_blank">22071894</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3283174" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=" title="PubMed search"></a></div><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/X-ALD-ACT-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated lysophosphatidylcholines, X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), 2023</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/X-ALD-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG Algorithm, X-ALD: Elevated lysophosphatidylcholines C24:0, C26:0, 2023</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/3/e2021053126/181065/Leukodystrophies-in-Children-Diagnosis-Care-and" target="_blank">Leukodystrophies in Children: Diagnosis, Care, and Treatment, Pediatrics (2021) 148 (3): e2021053126.</a></h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38390857">Leukodystrophy Imaging: Insights for Diagnostic Dilemmas.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thakkar RN,
|
||
Patel D,
|
||
Kioutchoukova IP,
|
||
Al-Bahou R,
|
||
Reddy P,
|
||
Foster DT,
|
||
Lucke-Wold B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci (Basel)</span>
|
||
2024 Jan 25;12(1)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/medsci12010007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38390857" target="_blank">38390857</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10885080" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38034003">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and primary adrenal insufficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappa M,
|
||
Todisco T,
|
||
Bizzarri C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2023;14:1309053.
|
||
Epub 2023 Nov 16
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1309053.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38034003" target="_blank">38034003</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10687143" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35951481">The physiological functions of human peroxisomes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wanders RJA,
|
||
Baes M,
|
||
Ribeiro D,
|
||
Ferdinandusse S,
|
||
Waterham HR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiol Rev</span>
|
||
2023 Jan 1;103(1):957-1024.
|
||
Epub 2022 Aug 11
|
||
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35951481" target="_blank">35951481</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29302065">Adulthood leukodystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Köhler W,
|
||
Curiel J,
|
||
Vanderver A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Neurol</span>
|
||
2018 Feb;14(2):94-105.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jan 5
|
||
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.175.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29302065" target="_blank">29302065</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11348681" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22411242">Leukodystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perlman SJ,
|
||
Mar S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
|
||
2012;724:154-71.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_13.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22411242" target="_blank">22411242</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (475)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39322376">Peroxisomal leukodystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Engelen M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2024;204:139-145.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99209-1.00021-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39322376" target="_blank">39322376</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38034003">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and primary adrenal insufficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappa M,
|
||
Todisco T,
|
||
Bizzarri C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2023;14:1309053.
|
||
Epub 2023 Nov 16
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1309053.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38034003" target="_blank">38034003</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10687143" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36373727">An update on the diagnosis and treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gujral J,
|
||
Sethuram S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes</span>
|
||
2023 Feb 1;30(1):44-51.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 14
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000782.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36373727" target="_blank">36373727</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22889154">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): clinical presentation and guidelines for diagnosis, follow-up and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Engelen M,
|
||
Kemp S,
|
||
de Visser M,
|
||
van Geel BM,
|
||
Wanders RJ,
|
||
Aubourg P,
|
||
Poll-The BT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2012 Aug 13;7:51.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-51.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22889154" target="_blank">22889154</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3503704" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6758925">Adrenoleukodystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">O'Neill BP,
|
||
Moser HW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Neurol Sci</span>
|
||
1982 Nov;9(4):449-52.
|
||
doi: 10.1017/s0317167100044383.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6758925" target="_blank">6758925</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (887)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38034003">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and primary adrenal insufficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappa M,
|
||
Todisco T,
|
||
Bizzarri C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
||
2023;14:1309053.
|
||
Epub 2023 Nov 16
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1309053.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38034003" target="_blank">38034003</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10687143" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Painter MJ,
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Bergman I,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (325)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39383459">Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eichler F,
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Duncan CN,
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Musolino PL,
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Lund TC,
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Gupta AO,
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De Oliveira S,
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Aubourg P,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36175155">International Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Consensus-Based Approach.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Engelen M,
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van Ballegoij WJC,
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Mallack EJ,
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Mochel F,
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Sevin C,
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Halper A,
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Davison J,
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Raymond GV,
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Lund TC,
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Kuehl JS,
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Lindemans CA,
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Caruso P,
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Vaz FM,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30620693">Adult Leukodystrophies: A Step-by-Step Diagnostic Approach.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Resende LL,
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de Paiva ARB,
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Kok F,
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da Costa Leite C,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3513103">Neonatal seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Painter MJ,
|
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Bergman I,
|
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Crumrine P</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
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1986 Feb;33(1):91-109.
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doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34971-9.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3513103" target="_blank">3513103</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (465)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38533650">Experiences of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, or Krabbe disease and the experiences of their family members: a qualitative systematic review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Koto Y,
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Ueki S,
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Yamakawa M,
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Sakai N</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">JBI Evid Synth</span>
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2024 Jul 1;22(7):1262-1302.
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doi: 10.11124/JBIES-23-00303.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38533650" target="_blank">38533650</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11230659" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33373467">MRI surveillance of boys with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy identified by newborn screening: Meta-analysis and consensus guidelines.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mallack EJ,
|
||
Turk BR,
|
||
Yan H,
|
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Price C,
|
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Demetres M,
|
||
Moser AB,
|
||
Becker C,
|
||
Hollandsworth K,
|
||
Adang L,
|
||
Vanderver A,
|
||
Van Haren K,
|
||
Ruzhnikov M,
|
||
Kurtzberg J,
|
||
Maegawa G,
|
||
Orchard PJ,
|
||
Lund TC,
|
||
Raymond GV,
|
||
Regelmann M,
|
||
Orsini JJ,
|
||
Seeger E,
|
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Kemp S,
|
||
Eichler F,
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Fatemi A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
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2021 May;44(3):728-739.
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Epub 2021 Jan 9
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doi: 10.1002/jimd.12356.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33373467" target="_blank">33373467</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8113077" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30289543">Adrenoleukodystrophy: Guidance for Adrenal Surveillance in Males Identified by Newborn Screen.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Regelmann MO,
|
||
Kamboj MK,
|
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Miller BS,
|
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Nakamoto JM,
|
||
Sarafoglou K,
|
||
Shah S,
|
||
Stanley TL,
|
||
Marino R;
|
||
Pediatric Endocrine Society Drug and Therapeutics/Rare Diseases Committee</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
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||
2018 Nov 1;103(11):4324-4331.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00920.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30289543" target="_blank">30289543</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24129166">Gene therapy as a new treatment option for inherited monogenic diseases.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boudes PF</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Intern Med</span>
|
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2014 Jan;25(1):31-6.
|
||
Epub 2013 Oct 12
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.09.009.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24129166" target="_blank">24129166</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16440876">Attitudes towards carrier testing in minors: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Borry P,
|
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Fryns JP,
|
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Schotsmans P,
|
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Dierickx K</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Couns</span>
|
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2005;16(4):341-52.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16440876" target="_blank">16440876</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
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|
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<div>
|
||
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (7)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (60)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F2" target="_blank">Enzyme assay (4)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F12" target="_blank">Microsatellite instability testing (MSI) (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (3)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F17" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (13)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (105)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (24)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162309%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (123)</a></total></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=300100" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=43" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Adrenoleukodystrophy" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22adrenoleukodystrophy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/X-ALD-ACT-Sheet.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2023</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated lysophosphatidylcholines, X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/X-ALD-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm, 2023</a><div>ACMG Algorithm, X-ALD: Elevated lysophosphatidylcholines C24:0, C26:0, 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/3/e2021053126/181065/Leukodystrophies-in-Children-Diagnosis-Care-and">AAP, 2021</a><div>Leukodystrophies in Children: Diagnosis, Care, and Treatment, Pediatrics (2021) 148 (3): e2021053126.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov//22071894/">EuroGentest, 2011</a><div>Clinical utility gene card for: adrenoleukodystrophy.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=300371" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=215[geneid]" target="_blank">View ABCD1 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/213417721" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=300100" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Adrenoleukodystrophy/242" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/adrenoleukodystrophy" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Adrenoleukodystrophy" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5758/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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