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<meta name="keywords" content="C0042900, blotchy loss of skin color, blotchy loss of skin colour, disease or syndrome, vitiligo, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Generalized well circumscribed patches of leukoderma that are generally distributed over symmetric body locations and is due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=22677
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ConceptID=C0042900
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Vitiligo</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22677</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0042900</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Blotchy loss of skin color; Blotchy loss of skin colour; vitiligo</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Vitiligo (56727007)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001045">HP:0001045</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008661" target="_blank">MONDO:0008661</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">Generalized well circumscribed patches of leukoderma that are generally distributed over symmetric body locations and is due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Vitiligo</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the integument">Abnormality of the integument</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1845238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skin">Abnormality of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869110" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skin morphology">Abnormal skin morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/224697" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of skin pigmentation">Abnormality of skin pigmentation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Vitiligo</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/812758" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Progressive vitiligo">Progressive vitiligo</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39017"><div><strong>Stiff-man syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39017</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is most often an adult-onset sporadic acquired disorder characterized by progressive muscle stiffness with superimposed painful muscle spasms accompanied by electromyographic evidence of continuous motor activity at rest. SPS has been associated with autoimmune disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, and hypopituitarism with adrenal insufficiency (George et al., 1984). Approximately 60% of patients with SPS have antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD2, or GAD65; 138275), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), suggesting an immune-mediated pathogenesis (Folli et al., 1993). Approximately 10% of patients develop SPS as a paraneoplastic neurologic disorder associated with antibodies to amphiphysin (AMPH; 600418), an intracellular protein associated with neuronal synaptic vesicle endocytosis (Burns, 2005). See also congenital stiff-man syndrome, or hereditary hyperexplexia (149400), which is caused by mutations in subunits of the glycine receptor gene (GLRA1, 138491; GLRB, 138492). Meinck and Thompson (2002) provided a detailed review of stiff-person syndrome. They also discussed 2 possibly related conditions, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity (PERM), a more severe disorder with other neurologic features, and stiff-limb or stiff-leg syndrome, a focal disorder.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39017">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39125"><div><strong>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) is characterized by the presence of 2 of 3 major clinical symptoms: Addison disease, and/or hypoparathyroidism, and/or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (Neufeld et al., 1981). However, variable APS1 phenotypes have been observed, even among sibs. In addition, some patients may exhibit apparent isolated hypoparathyroidism, an early manifestation of APS1 with peak incidence at around age 5 years; over long-term follow-up, the development of additional features of APS1 may be observed (Cranston et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39125">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_167094"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167094</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0796019</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-23 (SPG23) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by childhood-onset spastic paraplegia resulting in gait difficulties and associated with pigmentary abnormalities, including premature graying of the hair and vitiligo-like or hyperpigmented skin lesions. Some patients may also have a peripheral neuropathy (summary by Lee et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167094">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333550"><div><strong>Hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation, familial progressive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333550</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840392</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial progressive hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation (FPHH) is characterized by diffuse hyperpigmentation of variable intensity sometimes associated with cafe-au-lait macules and larger hypopigmented ash-leaf macules. These features, which involve the face, neck, trunk, and limbs, are seen at birth or develop early in infancy (summary by Wang et al., 2009 and Amyere et al., 2011). Also see familial progressive hyperpigmentation (FPH1; 614233).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333550">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375009"><div><strong>Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1842763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) is an immunoosseous dysplasia combining the typical metaphyseal and vertebral bone lesions of spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) with immune dysfunction and neurologic involvement. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by radiolucent and irregular spondylar and metaphyseal lesions that represent islands of chondroid tissue within bone. The vertebral bodies show dorsally accentuated platyspondyly with disturbance of ossification. Clinical abnormalities such as short stature, rhizomelic micromelia, increased lumbar lordosis, barrel chest, facial anomalies, and clumsy movements may be present (Menger et al., 1989). Central nervous system involvement includes spasticity, mental retardation, and cerebral calcifications, and immune dysregulation ranges from autoimmunity to immunodeficiency. Neurologic and autoimmune manifestations have been observed in different combinations within a single family, suggesting that this disorder may be defined by specific radiographic features but has remarkably pleiotropic manifestations (Renella et al., 2006). Briggs et al. (2016) also noted variability in skeletal, neurologic, and immune phenotypes, which was sometimes marked between members of the same family. Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; and spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), also called spondyloenchondromatosis, type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375009">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335848"><div><strong>Autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335848</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1842979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any autoimmune disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FOXD3 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335848">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335788"><div><strong>Vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335788</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair, and is associated with an elevated risk of other autoimmune diseases. It is a genetically complex disorder involving multiple susceptibility genes and unknown environmental triggers. Patients with generalized vitiligo have elevated frequencies of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that these diseases involve shared genetic components (summary by Jin et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Vitiligo-Associated Multiple Autoimmune Disease Susceptibility Additional forms of vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility have been mapped to chromosomes 1p31 (VAMAS2, 607836, associated with mutation in the FOXD3 gene, 611539), 7 (VAMAS3; 608391), 8 (VAMAS4; 608392), 4 (VAMAS5; 609400), and 6p21.3 (VAMAS6; 193200).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335788">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346466"><div><strong>Ermine phenotype</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346466</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856899</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare deafness characterized by the association of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and white hair with scattered black tufts, as well as skin areas of hyper- and hypopigmentation. Additional reported features include global developmental delay and moderate intellectual disability, growth retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, mild dysmorphic facial features (deeply set eyes, broad nasal bridge, slight bowing of the upper lip), retinal depigmentation, anomalies of the fingers and toes, and white matter abnormalities on brain imaging.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346466">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347427"><div><strong>Deafness-vitiligo-achalasia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347427</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857339</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Deafness-vitiligo-achalasia syndrome is characterized by the association of deafness, short stature, vitiligo, muscle wasting, and achalasia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347427">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_479331"><div><strong>Vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>479331</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3277701</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/479331">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482544"><div><strong>Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3280914</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome-3 is an autosomal dominant immune disorder characterized by the development of cutaneous urticaria, erythema, and pruritus in response to cold exposure. Affected individuals have variable additional immunologic defects, including antibody deficiency, decreased numbers of B cells, defective B cells, increased susceptibility to infection, and increased risk of autoimmune disorders (summary by Ombrello et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FCAS, see FCAS1 (120100).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482544">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_854020"><div><strong>Fanconi anemia complementation group P</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3469542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by physical abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk for malignancy. Physical abnormalities, present in approximately 75% of affected individuals, include one or more of the following: short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, skeletal malformations of the upper and/or lower limbs, microcephaly, and ophthalmic and genitourinary tract anomalies. Progressive bone marrow failure with pancytopenia typically presents in the first decade, often initially with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia is 13% by age 50 years. Solid tumors – particularly of the head and neck, skin, and genitourinary tract – are more common in individuals with FA.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766426"><div><strong>Combined immunodeficiency due to LRBA deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553512</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Common variable immunodeficiency-8 with autoimmunity is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation. Affected individuals have early childhood onset of recurrent infections, particularly respiratory infections, and also develop variable autoimmune disorders, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and inflammatory bowel disease. The presentation and phenotype are highly variable, even within families (summary by Lopez-Herrera et al., 2012 and Alangari et al., 2012). Immunologic findings are also variable and may include decreased B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and deficiency of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells (Charbonnier et al., 2015). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency, see CVID1 (607594).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766426">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815662"><div><strong>TCR-alpha-beta-positive T-cell deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815662</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3809332</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-7 (IMD7) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by onset of recurrent bacterial and viral infections in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals may also have features of immune dysregulation, including lymphadenopathy and presence of autoantibodies. Laboratory studies show increased serum IgE, low numbers of T cells, low TCR-alpha/beta cells, and increased TCR-gamma/delta cells. The disorder often results in death in childhood, although bone marrow transplant is effective (summary by Morgan et al., 2011 and Rawat et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815662">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801342"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676971</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias (IMD99) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent sinopulmonary infections in early childhood. Laboratory studies reveal hypogammaglobulinemia with decreased memory B cells that show impaired class-switch recombination (CSR) and decreased somatic hypermutation (SHM). Due to abnormal antibody production and impaired self-tolerance, patients may develop autoimmune cytopenias, such as thrombocytopenia, or autoimmune features, such as vitiligo. There are also defects in the T-cell compartment (Kuhny et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801342">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841236"><div><strong>Autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile-onset, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830600</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile-onset multisystem autoimmune disease-3 (ADMIO3) is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation characterized by the onset of various systemic autoimmune manifestations in the first months or years of life. Features may include hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammatory manifestations (fever, hepatomegaly), and autoimmune cytopenias. Laboratory studies show normal levels of T, B, and NK cells, but CD4+ (see 186940) T cells demonstrate hyperproliferation when stimulated in vitro (Janssen et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of ADMIO, see ADMIO1 (615952).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841236">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841236" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile-onset, 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335848" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766426" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined immunodeficiency due to LRBA deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347427" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deafness-vitiligo-achalasia syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_346466" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ermine phenotype</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (16)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_854020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fanconi anemia complementation group P</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_167094" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 23</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333550" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperpigmentation with or without hypopigmentation, familial progressive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 99 with hypogammaglobulinemia and autoimmune cytopenias</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39125" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_375009" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39017" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stiff-man syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815662" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">TCR-alpha-beta-positive T-cell deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335788" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_479331" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 6</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37375394">Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment-A Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thawabteh AM,
|
||
Jibreen A,
|
||
Karaman D,
|
||
Thawabteh A,
|
||
Karaman R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Molecules</span>
|
||
2023 Jun 18;28(12)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/molecules28124839.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37375394" target="_blank">37375394</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10304091" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32017656">Vitiligo: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frisoli ML,
|
||
Essien K,
|
||
Harris JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Annu Rev Immunol</span>
|
||
2020 Apr 26;38:621-648.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 4
|
||
doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-100919-023531.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32017656" target="_blank">32017656</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29431372">Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Plensdorf S,
|
||
Livieratos M,
|
||
Dada N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2017 Dec 15;96(12):797-804.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29431372" target="_blank">29431372</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22vitiligo%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (589)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33404102">Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bergqvist C,
|
||
Ezzedine K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dermatol</span>
|
||
2021 Mar;48(3):252-270.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jan 6
|
||
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15743.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33404102" target="_blank">33404102</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33200838">Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen J,
|
||
Li S,
|
||
Li C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Res Rev</span>
|
||
2021 Mar;41(2):1138-1166.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 17
|
||
doi: 10.1002/med.21754.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33200838" target="_blank">33200838</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7983894" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32778407">The Genetic Basis of Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spritz RA,
|
||
Santorico SA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;141(2):265-273.
|
||
Epub 2020 Aug 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32778407" target="_blank">32778407</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28619550">New discoveries in the pathogenesis and classification of vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodrigues M,
|
||
Ezzedine K,
|
||
Hamzavi I,
|
||
Pandya AG,
|
||
Harris JE;
|
||
Vitiligo Working Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
|
||
2017 Jul;77(1):1-13.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.048.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28619550" target="_blank">28619550</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16435042">Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huggins RH,
|
||
Schwartz RA,
|
||
Janniger C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat</span>
|
||
2005 Dec;14(4):137-42, 144-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16435042" target="_blank">16435042</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2144)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38184279">Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Manoj R,
|
||
Singh S,
|
||
Kothari R,
|
||
Gupta A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
|
||
2024 May;90(5):1106-1114.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jan 4
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.040.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38184279" target="_blank">38184279</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34287629">Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">LeWitt TM,
|
||
Kundu RV</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Dermatol</span>
|
||
2021 Sep 1;157(9):1136.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1688.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34287629" target="_blank">34287629</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32155629">Vitiligo: A Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bergqvist C,
|
||
Ezzedine K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
|
||
2020;236(6):571-592.
|
||
Epub 2020 Mar 10
|
||
doi: 10.1159/000506103.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32155629" target="_blank">32155629</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32017656">Vitiligo: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frisoli ML,
|
||
Essien K,
|
||
Harris JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Annu Rev Immunol</span>
|
||
2020 Apr 26;38:621-648.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 4
|
||
doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-100919-023531.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32017656" target="_blank">32017656</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25596811">Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ezzedine K,
|
||
Eleftheriadou V,
|
||
Whitton M,
|
||
van Geel N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2015 Jul 4;386(9988):74-84.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jan 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60763-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25596811" target="_blank">25596811</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1632)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34564936">Role of nutritional supplements in selected dermatological disorders: A review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sardana K,
|
||
Sachdeva S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cosmet Dermatol</span>
|
||
2022 Jan;21(1):85-98.
|
||
Epub 2021 Sep 26
|
||
doi: 10.1111/jocd.14436.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34564936" target="_blank">34564936</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34272836">Upcoming treatments for morphea.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wenzel D,
|
||
Haddadi NS,
|
||
Afshari K,
|
||
Richmond JM,
|
||
Rashighi M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Immun Inflamm Dis</span>
|
||
2021 Dec;9(4):1101-1145.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jul 17
|
||
doi: 10.1002/iid3.475.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34272836" target="_blank">34272836</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8589364" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31958256">Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karagaiah P,
|
||
Valle Y,
|
||
Sigova J,
|
||
Zerbinati N,
|
||
Vojvodic P,
|
||
Parsad D,
|
||
Schwartz RA,
|
||
Grabbe S,
|
||
Goldust M,
|
||
Lotti T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Emerg Drugs</span>
|
||
2020 Mar;25(1):7-24.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 3
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1712358.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31958256" target="_blank">31958256</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28139263">JAK inhibitors in dermatology: The promise of a new drug class.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Damsky W,
|
||
King BA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;76(4):736-744.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jan 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28139263" target="_blank">28139263</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6035868" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23143785">Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gupta SC,
|
||
Patchva S,
|
||
Aggarwal BB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AAPS J</span>
|
||
2013 Jan;15(1):195-218.
|
||
Epub 2012 Nov 10
|
||
doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23143785" target="_blank">23143785</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3535097" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2300)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37287971">Mitophagy and immune infiltration in vitiligo: evidence from bioinformatics analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo L,
|
||
Zhu J,
|
||
Guo Y,
|
||
Li C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2023;14:1164124.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 23
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164124.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37287971" target="_blank">37287971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10242039" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37156255">Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Conrad N,
|
||
Misra S,
|
||
Verbakel JY,
|
||
Verbeke G,
|
||
Molenberghs G,
|
||
Taylor PN,
|
||
Mason J,
|
||
Sattar N,
|
||
McMurray JJV,
|
||
McInnes IB,
|
||
Khunti K,
|
||
Cambridge G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2023 Jun 3;401(10391):1878-1890.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 5
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00457-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37156255" target="_blank">37156255</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35246935">S1 Guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Böhm M,
|
||
Schunter JA,
|
||
Fritz K,
|
||
Salavastru C,
|
||
Dargatz S,
|
||
Augustin M,
|
||
Tanew A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dtsch Dermatol Ges</span>
|
||
2022 Mar;20(3):365-378.
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 4
|
||
doi: 10.1111/ddg.14713.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35246935" target="_blank">35246935</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28619550">New discoveries in the pathogenesis and classification of vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodrigues M,
|
||
Ezzedine K,
|
||
Hamzavi I,
|
||
Pandya AG,
|
||
Harris JE;
|
||
Vitiligo Working Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
|
||
2017 Jul;77(1):1-13.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.048.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28619550" target="_blank">28619550</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25596811">Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ezzedine K,
|
||
Eleftheriadou V,
|
||
Whitton M,
|
||
van Geel N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2015 Jul 4;386(9988):74-84.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jan 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60763-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25596811" target="_blank">25596811</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (898)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37287971">Mitophagy and immune infiltration in vitiligo: evidence from bioinformatics analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo L,
|
||
Zhu J,
|
||
Guo Y,
|
||
Li C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
|
||
2023;14:1164124.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 23
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164124.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37287971" target="_blank">37287971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10242039" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32778407">The Genetic Basis of Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spritz RA,
|
||
Santorico SA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;141(2):265-273.
|
||
Epub 2020 Aug 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32778407" target="_blank">32778407</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33170870">Vitiligo and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kussainova A,
|
||
Kassym L,
|
||
Akhmetova A,
|
||
Glushkova N,
|
||
Sabirov U,
|
||
Adilgozhina S,
|
||
Tuleutayeva R,
|
||
Semenova Y</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
|
||
2020;15(11):e0241445.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 10
|
||
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241445.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33170870" target="_blank">33170870</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7654800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28317524">Segmental Vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Geel N,
|
||
Speeckaert R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Clin</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;35(2):145-150.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.det.2016.11.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28317524" target="_blank">28317524</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16405601">Psychosocial effects of vitiligo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ongenae K,
|
||
Beelaert L,
|
||
van Geel N,
|
||
Naeyaert JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol</span>
|
||
2006 Jan;20(1):1-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01369.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16405601" target="_blank">16405601</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1568)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37910098">Cardiovascular and Venous Thromboembolic Risk With JAK Inhibitors in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ingrassia JP,
|
||
Maqsood MH,
|
||
Gelfand JM,
|
||
Weber BN,
|
||
Bangalore S,
|
||
Lo Sicco KI,
|
||
Garshick MS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Dermatol</span>
|
||
2024 Jan 1;160(1):28-36.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.4090.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37910098" target="_blank">37910098</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10620674" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36574529">Comorbidities in Patients with Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee JH,
|
||
Ju HJ,
|
||
Seo JM,
|
||
Almurayshid A,
|
||
Kim GM,
|
||
Ezzedine K,
|
||
Bae JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
|
||
2023 May;143(5):777-789.e6.
|
||
Epub 2022 Nov 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.021.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36574529" target="_blank">36574529</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34554406">Psychosocial Effects of Vitiligo: A Systematic Literature Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ezzedine K,
|
||
Eleftheriadou V,
|
||
Jones H,
|
||
Bibeau K,
|
||
Kuo FI,
|
||
Sturm D,
|
||
Pandya AG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Clin Dermatol</span>
|
||
2021 Nov;22(6):757-774.
|
||
Epub 2021 Sep 23
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00631-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34554406" target="_blank">34554406</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8566637" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33170870">Vitiligo and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kussainova A,
|
||
Kassym L,
|
||
Akhmetova A,
|
||
Glushkova N,
|
||
Sabirov U,
|
||
Adilgozhina S,
|
||
Tuleutayeva R,
|
||
Semenova Y</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
|
||
2020;15(11):e0241445.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 10
|
||
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241445.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33170870" target="_blank">33170870</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7654800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28355423">Phototherapy for Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bae JM,
|
||
Jung HM,
|
||
Hong BY,
|
||
Lee JH,
|
||
Choi WJ,
|
||
Lee JH,
|
||
Kim GM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Dermatol</span>
|
||
2017 Jul 1;153(7):666-674.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.0002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28355423" target="_blank">28355423</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5817459" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (178)</a></div></div>
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