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<meta name="keywords" content="C0410530, disease or syndrome, metachondromatosis, metcds, ptpn11, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Metachondromatosis is characterized by exostoses (osteochondromas), commonly of the hands and feet, and enchondromas of long bone metaphyses and iliac crests (summary by Sobreira et al., 2010)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=98377
ConceptID=C0410530
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Metachondromatosis<span class="h1sub">(METCDS)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98377</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410530</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>METCDS</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Metachondromatosis (205481009)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="PTPN11 - ID: 5781 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/5781" class="medgenPMinfo">PTPN11</a> (12q24.13)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007979" target="_blank">MONDO:0007979</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/156250" target="_blank">156250</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=2499">ORPHA2499</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Metachondromatosis is characterized by exostoses (osteochondromas), commonly of the hands and feet, and enchondromas of long bone metaphyses and iliac crests (summary by Sobreira et al., 2010). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_408291"><div><strong>Pulmonic stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>408291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1956257</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/408291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonic%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20408291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96566"><div><strong>Posteriorly rotated ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96566">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posteriorly%20rotated%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096566%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41775"><div><strong>Enchondromatosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41775</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0014084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987).&#13; Classification of the Enchondromatoses&#13; In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978).&#13; Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41775">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Enchondromatosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041775%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4612"><div><strong>Multiple congenital exostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4612</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015306</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), previously called hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), is characterized by growths of multiple osteochondromas, benign cartilage-capped bone tumors that grow outward from the metaphyses of long bones. Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature, premature osteoarthrosis, and compression of peripheral nerves. The median age of diagnosis is three years; nearly all affected individuals are diagnosed by age 12 years. The risk for malignant degeneration to osteochondrosarcoma increases with age, although the lifetime risk for malignant degeneration is low (~2%-5%).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4612">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multiple%20congenital%20exostosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204612%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_893053"><div><strong>Abnormal joint morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>893053</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240083</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal structure or form of the joints, i.e., one or more of the articulations where two bones join.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/893053">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20joint%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20893053%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340849"><div><strong>Bowing of the long bones</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855340</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A bending or abnormal curvature of a long bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bowing%20of%20the%20long%20bones%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870708"><div><strong>Multiple digital exostoses</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025162</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple exostoses originating in the fingers and toes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multiple%20digital%20exostoses%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113154"><div><strong>Webbed neck</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113154</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221217</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pterygium colli is a congenital skin fold that runs along the sides of the neck down to the shoulders. It involves an ectopic fibrotic facial band superficial to the trapezius muscle. Excess hair-bearing skin is also present and extends down the cervical region well beyond the normal hairline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113154">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Webbed%20neck%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113154%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98391"><div><strong>Downslanted palpebral fissures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423110</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98391">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downslanted%20palpebral%20fissures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098391%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downslanted palpebral fissures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113154" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Webbed neck</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_408291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonic stenosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_893053" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal joint morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bowing of the long bones</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41775" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Enchondromatosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4612" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple congenital exostosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple digital exostoses</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posteriorly rotated ears</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5555857[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1792298">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1792298" ref="ncbi_uid=1792298">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1792298" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1792298&amp;link_uid=1792298" title="View MedGen record for 'RASopathy'">RASopathy</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN029449[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1186/" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=852267" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/852267" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=852267&amp;link_uid=852267" title="View MedGen record for 'Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1'">Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0587248[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=108454" target="_blank" href="/omim/190020">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1507/" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=108454" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/108454" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=108454&amp;link_uid=108454" title="View MedGen record for 'Costello syndrome'">Costello syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551558[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1647111">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1647111" target="_blank" href="/omim/135300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1647111" ref="ncbi_uid=1647111">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647111" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1647111&amp;link_uid=1647111" title="View MedGen record for 'Fibromatosis, gingival, 1'">Fibromatosis, gingival, 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0349639[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=138109">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=138109" target="_blank" href="/omim/165360">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=138109" ref="ncbi_uid=138109">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/138109" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=138109&amp;link_uid=138109" title="View MedGen record for 'Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia'">Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969623[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370709" target="_blank" href="/omim/609291">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK47312/" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370709" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370709" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370709&amp;link_uid=370709" title="View MedGen record for 'Legius syndrome'">Legius syndrome</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0410530[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=98377">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=98377" target="_blank" href="/omim/156250">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=98377" ref="ncbi_uid=98377">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Metachondromatosis</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0027831[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0027831[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=18013" target="_blank" href="/omim/162200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1109%20OR%20NBK1294)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=18013" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18013" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=18013&amp;link_uid=18013" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurofibromatosis, type 1'">Neurofibromatosis, type 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0028326[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=18073" target="_blank" href="/omim/163950">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=18073" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18073" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=18073&amp;link_uid=18073" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome'">Noonan syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551602[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1638960" target="_blank" href="/omim/163950">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1638960" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1638960" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1638960&amp;link_uid=1638960" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 1'">Noonan syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1854469[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=344290" target="_blank" href="/omim/600574">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=344290" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/344290" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=344290&amp;link_uid=344290" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 2'">Noonan syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1860991[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=349931" target="_blank" href="/omim/190070">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=349931" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349931" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=349931&amp;link_uid=349931" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 3'">Noonan syndrome 3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853120[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=339908" target="_blank" href="/omim/182530">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=339908" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/339908" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=339908&amp;link_uid=339908" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 4'">Noonan syndrome 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969057[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370589" target="_blank" href="/omim/164760">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370589" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370589" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370589&amp;link_uid=370589" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 5'">Noonan syndrome 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2750732[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=413028" target="_blank" href="/omim/164790">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=413028" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/413028" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=413028&amp;link_uid=413028" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 6'">Noonan syndrome 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150970[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462320" target="_blank" href="/omim/164757">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462320" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462320" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462320&amp;link_uid=462320" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 7'">Noonan syndrome 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3809233[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815563" target="_blank" href="/omim/609591">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=815563" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815563" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=815563&amp;link_uid=815563" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 8'">Noonan syndrome 8</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175704[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=104494" target="_blank" href="/omim/151100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=104494" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/104494" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=104494&amp;link_uid=104494" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines'">Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551484[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1631694" target="_blank" href="/omim/151100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1631694" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1631694" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1631694&amp;link_uid=1631694" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 1'">LEOPARD syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969056[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370588" target="_blank" href="/omim/164760">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370588" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370588" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370588&amp;link_uid=370588" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 2'">LEOPARD syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150971[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462321" target="_blank" href="/omim/164757">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462321" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462321" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462321&amp;link_uid=462321" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 3'">LEOPARD syndrome 3</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4478716[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1379805">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1379805" target="_blank" href="/omim/602775">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1379805" ref="ncbi_uid=1379805">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1379805" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1379805&amp;link_uid=1379805" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 1'">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1843347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary bone dysplasia with disorganized development of skeletal components">Primary bone dysplasia with disorganized development of skeletal components</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Metachondromatosis</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=2311&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Metachondromatosis</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34302201">Update on the imaging features of the enchondromatosis syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharif B,
Lindsay D,
Saifuddin A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Skeletal Radiol</span>
2022 Apr;51(4):747-762.
Epub 2021 Jul 24
doi: 10.1007/s00256-021-03870-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34302201" target="_blank">34302201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31464257">A rare association of pathological variant of Alport's syndrome caused by hemizygous 5' splice mutation in intron 10 of COL4A5 gene with metachondromatosis due to heterozygous missense variation in protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 gene.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sethi S,
Mehta S,
Makkar V,
Kaur S,
Sohal PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl</span>
2019 Jul-Aug;30(4):969-973.
doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.265476.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31464257" target="_blank">31464257</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25568391">Intraosseous atypical chondroid tumor or chondrosarcoma grade 1 in patients with multiple osteochondromas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goud AL,
Wuyts W,
Bessems J,
Bramer J,
van der Woude HJ,
Ham J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2015 Jan 7;97(1):24-31.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.N.00121.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25568391" target="_blank">25568391</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21892728">EXT2-positive multiple hereditary osteochondromas with some features suggestive of metachondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vining NC,
Done S,
Glass IA,
Parnell SE,
Sternen DL,
Leppig KA,
Mosca VS,
Goldberg MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Skeletal Radiol</span>
2012 May;41(5):607-10.
Epub 2011 Sep 4
doi: 10.1007/s00256-011-1261-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21892728" target="_blank">21892728</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1895320">Genochondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Le Merrer M,
Fressinger P,
Maroteaux P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1991 Jul;28(7):485-9.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.28.7.485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1895320" target="_blank">1895320</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1016962" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Metachondromatosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33478453">An unusual example of hereditary multiple exostoses: a case report and review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chilvers R,
Gallagher JA,
Jeffery N,
Bond AP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Musculoskelet Disord</span>
2021 Jan 21;22(1):96.
doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-03967-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33478453" target="_blank">33478453</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7818741" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18271966">Multiple osteochondromas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bovée JV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2008 Feb 13;3:3.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18271966" target="_blank">18271966</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2276198" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1895320">Genochondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Le Merrer M,
Fressinger P,
Maroteaux P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1991 Jul;28(7):485-9.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.28.7.485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1895320" target="_blank">1895320</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1016962" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6602353">Metachondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kennedy LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
1983 Jul;148(1):117-8.
doi: 10.1148/radiology.148.1.6602353.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6602353" target="_blank">6602353</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4547387">Metachondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lachman RS,
Cohen A,
Hollister D,
Rimoin DL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser</span>
1974;10(9):171-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4547387" target="_blank">4547387</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Metachondromatosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26984661">Exostoses, enchondromatosis and metachondromatosis; diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McFarlane J,
Knight T,
Sinha A,
Cole T,
Kiely N,
Freeman R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Orthop Belg</span>
2016 Mar;82(1):102-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26984661" target="_blank">26984661</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18271966">Multiple osteochondromas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bovée JV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2008 Feb 13;3:3.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18271966" target="_blank">18271966</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2276198" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17632779">Genochondromatosis type II: report of a new patient and further delineation of the phenotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Isidor B,
Guillard S,
Hamel A,
Le Caignec C,
David A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2007 Aug 15;143A(16):1919-21.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31854.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17632779" target="_blank">17632779</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2056076">Metachondromatosis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a radiographic and histologic correlation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wenger DR,
Birch J,
Rathjen K,
Tobin R,
Billman G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
1991 May-Jun;11(3):294-300.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2056076" target="_blank">2056076</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1895320">Genochondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Le Merrer M,
Fressinger P,
Maroteaux P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1991 Jul;28(7):485-9.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.28.7.485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1895320" target="_blank">1895320</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1016962" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Metachondromatosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35112464">Postzygotic mosaicism of a novel PTPN11 mutation in monozygotic twins discordant for metachondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rydzanicz M,
Glinkowski W,
Walczak A,
Koppolu A,
Kostrzewa G,
Gasperowicz P,
Pollak A,
Stawiński P,
Płoski R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2022 May;188(5):1482-1487.
Epub 2022 Feb 2
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62670.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35112464" target="_blank">35112464</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29703018">Multiple unexpected lesions of metachondromatosis detected by technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT: A case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Z,
Zou Y,
Chen Y,
Chen Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicine (Baltimore)</span>
2018 Apr;97(17):e0512.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010512.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29703018" target="_blank">29703018</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5944487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24875294">SHP2 regulates chondrocyte terminal differentiation, growth plate architecture and skeletal cell fates.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bowen ME,
Ayturk UM,
Kurek KC,
Yang W,
Warman ML</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Genet</span>
2014;10(5):e1004364.
Epub 2014 May 29
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004364.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24875294" target="_blank">24875294</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4038465" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8775700">Resolving neonatal osteochondroma: a case report and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shaw BA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)</span>
1996 Mar;25(3):226-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8775700" target="_blank">8775700</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7538882">Metachondromatosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hunter AG,
Kozlowski K,
Hochberger O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can Assoc Radiol J</span>
1995 Jun;46(3):202-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7538882" target="_blank">7538882</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Metachondromatosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0410530%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (39)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0410530%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0410530%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (49)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0410530%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (10)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0410530%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (59)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=156250" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=2499" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Metachondromatosis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=176876" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=5781[geneid]" target="_blank">View PTPN11 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/170014709" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=156250" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Metachondromatosis/4690" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/metachondromatosis" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Metachondromatosis" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3560/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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