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<meta name="keywords" content="C4021723, anatomical abnormality, short middle bones (feet), short middle phalanges of toes, short middle phalanx of toe, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of middle phalanx of toe." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=867359
ConceptID=C4021723
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Short middle phalanx of toe</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867359</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021723</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Short middle bones (feet); Short middle phalanges of toes</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003795">HP:0003795</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Developmental hypoplasia (shortening) of middle phalanx of toe. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Short middle phalanx of toe</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868065" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of limb bone">Abnormality of limb bone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/904271" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal limb bone morphology">Abnormal limb bone morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/763618" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal digit morphology">Abnormal digit morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/390611" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal toe morphology">Abnormal toe morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869570" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal toe phalanx morphology">Abnormal toe phalanx morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869553" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the middle phalanges of the toes">Abnormality of the middle phalanges of the toes</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Short middle phalanx of toe</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348853" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 2nd-5th toe middle phalangeal hypoplasia">2nd-5th toe middle phalangeal hypoplasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867246" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Shortening of all middle phalanges of the toes">Shortening of all middle phalanges of the toes</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_67390"><div><strong>Pfeiffer syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67390</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220658</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pfeiffer syndrome is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome with characteristic anomalies of the hands and feet. Three clinical subtypes, which have important diagnostic and prognostic implications, have been identified. Type 1, the classic syndrome, is compatible with life and consists of craniosynostosis, midface deficiency, broad thumbs, broad great toes, brachydactyly, and variable syndactyly. Type 2 consists of cloverleaf skull with Pfeiffer hands and feet, together with ankylosis of the elbows. Type 3 is similar to type 2 but without cloverleaf skull. Ocular proptosis is severe, and the anterior cranial base is markedly short. Various visceral malformations have been found in association with type 3. Early demise is characteristic of types 2 and 3 (Cohen, 1993). Cohen and Barone (1994) further tabulated the findings in the 3 types of Pfeiffer syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67390">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335678"><div><strong>Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders (previously considered to be clinically distinct phenotypes before their molecular basis was discovered) are now grouped into neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias; however, the overlap within each group is considerable. Affected individuals typically have either neuromuscular or skeletal manifestations alone, and in only rare instances an overlap syndrome has been reported. The three autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders (mildest to most severe) are: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C. Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy. Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. The autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders are characterized by a congenital-onset, static, or later-onset progressive peripheral neuropathy with variable combinations of laryngeal dysfunction (i.e., vocal fold paresis), respiratory dysfunction, and joint contractures. The six autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasias (mildest to most severe) are: Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly. Autosomal dominant brachyolmia. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Maroteaux type. Parastremmatic dysplasia. Metatropic dysplasia. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by brachydactyly (in all 6); the five that are more severe have short stature that varies from mild to severe with progressive spinal deformity and involvement of the long bones and pelvis. In the mildest of the autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders life span is normal; in the most severe it is shortened. Bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can occur with both autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335678">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355217"><div><strong>Muenke syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355217</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864436</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muenke syndrome is characterized by considerable phenotypic variability; features may include coronal synostosis (more often bilateral than unilateral); synostosis of other sutures, all sutures (pan synostosis), or no sutures; or macrocephaly. Bilateral coronal synostosis typically results in brachycephaly, although turribrachycephaly (a "tower-shaped" skull) or a cloverleaf skull can be observed. Unilateral coronal synostosis results in anterior plagiocephaly. Other craniofacial findings typically include temporal bossing, widely spaced eyes, ptosis or mild proptosis, mild midface retrusion, and highly arched palate or cleft lip and palate. Strabismus is common. Other findings can include hearing loss, developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral issues, intracranial anomalies, epilepsy, ocular anomalies, brachydactyly, carpal and/or tarsal bone fusions, broad thumbs and great toes, clinodactyly, and radiographic findings of short and broad middle phalanges and/or cone-shaped epiphyses. Of note, some individuals who have the p.Pro250Arg pathogenic variant may have no signs of Muenke syndrome on physical or radiographic examination.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355217">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335678" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355217" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muenke syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_67390" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pfeiffer syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31910662">Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Hallux Rigidus Treated With Cheilectomy and a Moberg-Akin Osteotomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maes DJA,
De Vil J,
Kalmar AF,
Lootens T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2020 Mar;41(3):294-302.
Epub 2020 Jan 8
doi: 10.1177/1071100719897264.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31910662" target="_blank">31910662</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30316644">Dorsiflexory Phalangeal Osteotomy for Grade II Hallux Rigidus: Patient-Focused Outcomes at Eleven-Year Follow-Up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coutts A,
Kilmartin TE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Foot Ankle Surg</span>
2019 Jan;58(1):17-22.
Epub 2018 Oct 11
doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.06.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30316644" target="_blank">30316644</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23391630">Correction of multiplanar deformity of the second toe with metatarsophalangeal release and extensor brevis reconstruction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ellis SJ,
Young E,
Endo Y,
Do H,
Deland JT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2013 Jun;34(6):792-9.
Epub 2013 Feb 7
doi: 10.1177/1071100713475433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23391630" target="_blank">23391630</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15138723">Soft-tissue mineralization in Werner syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leone A,
Costantini AM,
Brigida R,
Antoniol OM,
Antonelli-Incalzi R,
Bonomo L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Skeletal Radiol</span>
2005 Jan;34(1):47-51.
Epub 2004 May 11
doi: 10.1007/s00256-004-0792-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15138723" target="_blank">15138723</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14599822">Non-vascularized free toe phalanx transfers in congenital hand deformities--the Great Ormond Street experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cavallo AV,
Smith PJ,
Morley S,
Morsi AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
2003 Dec;28(6):520-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0266-7681(03)00084-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14599822" target="_blank">14599822</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Short%20middle%20phalanx%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34530144">Acrocapitofemoral dysplasia: Novel mutation in IHH in two adult patients from the third family in the literature and progression of the disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ozyavuz Cubuk P,
Duz MB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2021 Nov;64(11):104343.
Epub 2021 Sep 14
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104343.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34530144" target="_blank">34530144</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21874575">Clinical outcome after Chevron-Akin double osteotomy versus isolated Chevron procedure: a prospective matched group analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lechler P,
Feldmann C,
Köck FX,
Schaumburger J,
Grifka J,
Handel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</span>
2012 Jan;132(1):9-13.
Epub 2011 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s00402-011-1385-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21874575" target="_blank">21874575</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15138723">Soft-tissue mineralization in Werner syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leone A,
Costantini AM,
Brigida R,
Antoniol OM,
Antonelli-Incalzi R,
Bonomo L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Skeletal Radiol</span>
2005 Jan;34(1):47-51.
Epub 2004 May 11
doi: 10.1007/s00256-004-0792-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15138723" target="_blank">15138723</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Short%20middle%20phalanx%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21874575">Clinical outcome after Chevron-Akin double osteotomy versus isolated Chevron procedure: a prospective matched group analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lechler P,
Feldmann C,
Köck FX,
Schaumburger J,
Grifka J,
Handel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</span>
2012 Jan;132(1):9-13.
Epub 2011 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s00402-011-1385-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21874575" target="_blank">21874575</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21288413">Hemiarthroplasty and distal oblique first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux rigidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ronconi P,
Martinelli N,
Cancilleri F,
Marinozzi A,
Marineo G,
Denaro V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2011 Feb;32(2):148-52.
doi: 10.3113/FAI.2011.0148.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21288413" target="_blank">21288413</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17054876">Oral antimicrobial therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Embil JM,
Rose G,
Trepman E,
Math MC,
Duerksen F,
Simonsen JN,
Nicolle LE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2006 Oct;27(10):771-9.
doi: 10.1177/107110070602701003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17054876" target="_blank">17054876</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Short%20middle%20phalanx%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30316644">Dorsiflexory Phalangeal Osteotomy for Grade II Hallux Rigidus: Patient-Focused Outcomes at Eleven-Year Follow-Up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coutts A,
Kilmartin TE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Foot Ankle Surg</span>
2019 Jan;58(1):17-22.
Epub 2018 Oct 11
doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.06.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30316644" target="_blank">30316644</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21874575">Clinical outcome after Chevron-Akin double osteotomy versus isolated Chevron procedure: a prospective matched group analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lechler P,
Feldmann C,
Köck FX,
Schaumburger J,
Grifka J,
Handel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Orthop Trauma Surg</span>
2012 Jan;132(1):9-13.
Epub 2011 Aug 28
doi: 10.1007/s00402-011-1385-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21874575" target="_blank">21874575</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15805202">Long-term results of the modified Hoffman procedure in the rheumatoid forefoot.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thomas S,
Kinninmonth AW,
Kumar CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2005 Apr;87(4):748-52.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.C.01696.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15805202" target="_blank">15805202</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15138723">Soft-tissue mineralization in Werner syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leone A,
Costantini AM,
Brigida R,
Antoniol OM,
Antonelli-Incalzi R,
Bonomo L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Skeletal Radiol</span>
2005 Jan;34(1):47-51.
Epub 2004 May 11
doi: 10.1007/s00256-004-0792-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15138723" target="_blank">15138723</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14599822">Non-vascularized free toe phalanx transfers in congenital hand deformities--the Great Ormond Street experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cavallo AV,
Smith PJ,
Morley S,
Morsi AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
2003 Dec;28(6):520-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0266-7681(03)00084-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14599822" target="_blank">14599822</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Short%20middle%20phalanx%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31910662">Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Hallux Rigidus Treated With Cheilectomy and a Moberg-Akin Osteotomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maes DJA,
De Vil J,
Kalmar AF,
Lootens T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2020 Mar;41(3):294-302.
Epub 2020 Jan 8
doi: 10.1177/1071100719897264.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31910662" target="_blank">31910662</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27031825">Non-metric variation of the middle phalanges of the human toes (II-V): long/short types and their evolutionary significance.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Le Minor JM,
Mousson JF,
de Mathelin P,
Bierry G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Anat</span>
2016 Jun;228(6):965-74.
Epub 2016 Mar 31
doi: 10.1111/joa.12462.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27031825" target="_blank">27031825</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5341584" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23391630">Correction of multiplanar deformity of the second toe with metatarsophalangeal release and extensor brevis reconstruction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ellis SJ,
Young E,
Endo Y,
Do H,
Deland JT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2013 Jun;34(6):792-9.
Epub 2013 Feb 7
doi: 10.1177/1071100713475433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23391630" target="_blank">23391630</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21288413">Hemiarthroplasty and distal oblique first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux rigidus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ronconi P,
Martinelli N,
Cancilleri F,
Marinozzi A,
Marineo G,
Denaro V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Foot Ankle Int</span>
2011 Feb;32(2):148-52.
doi: 10.3113/FAI.2011.0148.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21288413" target="_blank">21288413</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15805202">Long-term results of the modified Hoffman procedure in the rheumatoid forefoot.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thomas S,
Kinninmonth AW,
Kumar CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2005 Apr;87(4):748-52.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.C.01696.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15805202" target="_blank">15805202</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Short%20middle%20phalanx%20of%20toe%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
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