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<meta name="keywords" content="C3888090, disease or syndrome, dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant, dystonia musculorum deformans 1, dystonia musculorum deformans type 1, dyt1, early onset primary dystonia, early onset torsion dystonia, early-onset generalized torsion dystonia, early-onset primary dystonia, early-onset torsion dystonia, eotd, oppenheim dystonia, oppenheim's dystonia, primary torsion dystonia, torsion dystonia 1, autosomal dominant, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A genetic disorder that usually presents in early childhood and is characterized by muscle contractions in a foot, leg, or arm that gradually spreads to other body regions." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Early Onset Primary Dystonia (Concept Id: C3888090)
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<!--
UID=854759
ConceptID=C3888090
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Early Onset Primary Dystonia<span class="h1sub">(EOTD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3888090</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Dystonia 1, Torsion, Autosomal Dominant; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans 1; Dystonia musculorum deformans type 1; Dyt1; Early onset torsion dystonia; Early-Onset Generalized Torsion Dystonia; Early-Onset Primary Dystonia; Early-Onset Torsion Dystonia; Oppenheim Dystonia; Oppenheim's Dystonia; Primary Torsion Dystonia; Torsion dystonia 1, autosomal dominant</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/128100" target="_blank">128100</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A genetic disorder that usually presents in early childhood and is characterized by muscle contractions in a foot, leg, or arm that gradually spreads to other body regions. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=854759" target="_blank" href="/omim/128100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Early Onset Primary Dystonia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10113" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Movement disorder">Movement disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140732" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dystonia">Dystonia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/199838" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Familial Dystonia">Familial Dystonia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Early Onset Primary Dystonia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338823" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia">Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346511" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Torsion dystonia 2">Torsion dystonia 2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20482602">EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Albanese A,
Asmus F,
Bhatia KP,
Elia AE,
Elibol B,
Filippini G,
Gasser T,
Krauss JK,
Nardocci N,
Newton A,
Valls-Solé J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
2011 Jan;18(1):5-18.
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03042.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20482602" target="_blank">20482602</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19844939">Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of early onset primary dystonia I in maternal plasma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meaney C,
Norbury G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2009 Dec;29(13):1218-21.
doi: 10.1002/pd.2385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19844939" target="_blank">19844939</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19345147">Mutations in THAP1 (DYT6) in early-onset dystonia: a genetic screening study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bressman SB,
Raymond D,
Fuchs T,
Heiman GA,
Ozelius LJ,
Saunders-Pullman R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
2009 May;8(5):441-6.
Epub 2009 Apr 1
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70081-X.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19345147" target="_blank">19345147</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3712754" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22early%20onset%20primary%20dystonia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22166420">Overview of primary monogenic dystonia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spatola M,
Wider C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2012 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S158-61.
doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70049-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22166420" target="_blank">22166420</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21800139">THAP1/DYT6 sequence variants in non-DYT1 early-onset primary dystonia in China and their effects on RNA expression.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheng FB,
Ozelius LJ,
Wan XH,
Feng JC,
Ma LY,
Yang YM,
Wang L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2012 Feb;259(2):342-7.
Epub 2011 Jul 29
doi: 10.1007/s00415-011-6196-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21800139" target="_blank">21800139</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20083799">Novel THAP1 sequence variants in primary dystonia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiao J,
Zhao Y,
Bastian RW,
Perlmutter JS,
Racette BA,
Tabbal SD,
Karimi M,
Paniello RC,
Wszolek ZK,
Uitti RJ,
Van Gerpen JA,
Simon DK,
Tarsy D,
Hedera P,
Truong DD,
Frei KP,
Dev Batish S,
Blitzer A,
Pfeiffer RF,
Gong S,
LeDoux MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2010 Jan 19;74(3):229-38.
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ca00ca.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20083799" target="_blank">20083799</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2809032" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19844939">Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of early onset primary dystonia I in maternal plasma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meaney C,
Norbury G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2009 Dec;29(13):1218-21.
doi: 10.1002/pd.2385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19844939" target="_blank">19844939</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early%20Onset%20Primary%20Dystonia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22166420">Overview of primary monogenic dystonia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spatola M,
Wider C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2012 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S158-61.
doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70049-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22166420" target="_blank">22166420</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21496603">Early-onset primary dystonia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robottom BJ,
Weiner WJ,
Comella CL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2011;100:465-79.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00036-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21496603" target="_blank">21496603</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20482602">EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Albanese A,
Asmus F,
Bhatia KP,
Elia AE,
Elibol B,
Filippini G,
Gasser T,
Krauss JK,
Nardocci N,
Newton A,
Valls-Solé J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
2011 Jan;18(1):5-18.
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03042.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20482602" target="_blank">20482602</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16415980">Clinical and genetic features of DYT1 and DYT5.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang XZ,
Zhong N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban</span>
2006 Feb 18;38(1):107-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16415980" target="_blank">16415980</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11921134">Frequency of DYT1 mutation in early onset primary dystonia in Italian patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zorzi G,
Garavaglia B,
Invernizzi F,
Girotti F,
Soliveri P,
Zeviani M,
Angelini L,
Nardocci N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2002 Mar;17(2):407-8.
doi: 10.1002/mds.10045.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11921134" target="_blank">11921134</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early%20Onset%20Primary%20Dystonia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25379658">4-Phenylbutyrate attenuates the ER stress response and cyclic AMP accumulation in DYT1 dystonia cell models.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cho JA,
Zhang X,
Miller GM,
Lencer WI,
Nery FC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2014;9(11):e110086.
Epub 2014 Nov 7
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110086.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25379658" target="_blank">25379658</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4224384" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20482602">EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Albanese A,
Asmus F,
Bhatia KP,
Elia AE,
Elibol B,
Filippini G,
Gasser T,
Krauss JK,
Nardocci N,
Newton A,
Valls-Solé J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
2011 Jan;18(1):5-18.
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03042.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20482602" target="_blank">20482602</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early%20Onset%20Primary%20Dystonia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19844939">Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of early onset primary dystonia I in maternal plasma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meaney C,
Norbury G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2009 Dec;29(13):1218-21.
doi: 10.1002/pd.2385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19844939" target="_blank">19844939</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17290457">First determination of the incidence of the unique TOR1A gene mutation, c.907delGAG, in a Mediterranean population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frédéric M,
Lucarz E,
Monino C,
Saquet C,
Thorel D,
Claustres M,
Tuffery-Giraud S,
Collod-Béroud G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2007 Apr 30;22(6):884-8.
doi: 10.1002/mds.21391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17290457" target="_blank">17290457</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early%20Onset%20Primary%20Dystonia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19844939">Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of early onset primary dystonia I in maternal plasma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meaney C,
Norbury G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2009 Dec;29(13):1218-21.
doi: 10.1002/pd.2385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19844939" target="_blank">19844939</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early%20Onset%20Primary%20Dystonia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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