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<!--
|
||
UID=75702
|
||
ConceptID=C0268630
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hyper-beta-alaninemia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Hyperalaninemia</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Hyper-beta-alaninemia (2359002); Hyperalaninemia (2359002)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003348">HP:0003348</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0009378" target="_blank">MONDO:0009378</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/237400" target="_blank">237400</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=309147">ORPHA309147</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">An increased concentration of alanine in the blood. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
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|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268630[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=75702">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=75702" target="_blank" href="/omim/237400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Hyper-beta-alaninemia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864085" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration">Abnormal circulating organic compound concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1684666" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating carboxylic acid concentration">Abnormal circulating carboxylic acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871177" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating amino acid concentration">Abnormal circulating amino acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763687" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating proteinogenic amino acid derivative concentration">Abnormal circulating proteinogenic amino acid derivative concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869232" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating pyruvate family amino acid concentration">Abnormal circulating pyruvate family amino acid concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869231" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal circulating alanine concentration">Abnormal circulating alanine concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hyper-beta-alaninemia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=21351&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Hyper-beta-alaninemia</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_18801"><div><strong>Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18801</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0034341</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency is characterized in most affected individuals by failure to gain weight and/or linear growth failure, developmental delay, epilepsy, and metabolic acidosis. Three clinical phenotypes are recognized. Type A (infantile form) is characterized by infantile onset of metabolic and lactic acidosis, delayed motor development, intellectual disability, poor linear growth and/or weight gain, and neurologic findings (apathy, hypotonia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, ataxia, and seizures). Brain anomalies can be noted. Most affected children die in infancy or early childhood. Type B (severe neonatal form) is characterized by neonatal or infantile onset of hypothermia, respiratory distress/failure, vomiting, severe lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and often hypoglycemia. Neurologic findings include brain abnormalities, lethargy, hypotonia, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. Death typically occurs by age eight months. Type C (intermittent/attenuated form) is characterized by relatively normal or mildly delayed neurologic development, motor and/or gait abnormalities, (rarely) seizures, episodic movement disorders, and metabolic acidosis. Life span is unknown but survival into adulthood has been reported.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18801">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120649"><div><strong>Hyperammonemia, type III</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120649</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency (NAGSD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. The clinical and biochemical features of the disorder are indistinguishable from carbamoyl phosphate synthase I deficiency (237300), since the CPS1 enzyme (608307) has an absolute requirement for NAGS (Caldovic et al., 2007).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120649">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_374101"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex I deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1838979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Isolated complex I deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes encoding subunits or assembly factors of the human mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and is characterized by a wide range of manifestations including marked and often fatal lactic acidosis, cardiomyopathy, leukoencephalopathy, pure myopathy and hepatopathy with tubulopathy. Among the numerous clinical phenotypes observed are Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and MELAS syndrome (see these terms).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374101">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_326486"><div><strong>Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1839413</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Genetic defects in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are one of the most common causes of primary lactic acidosis in children. Most cases are caused by mutation in the E1-alpha subunit gene on the X chromosome. X-linked PDH deficiency is one of the few X-linked diseases in which a high proportion of heterozygous females manifest severe symptoms. The clinical spectrum of PDH deficiency is broad, ranging from fatal lactic acidosis in the newborn to chronic neurologic dysfunction with structural abnormalities in the central nervous system without systemic acidosis (Robinson et al., 1987; Brown et al., 1994). Genetic Heterogeneity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency PDH deficiency can also be caused by mutation in other subunits of the PDH complex, including a form (PDHXD; 245349) caused by mutation in the component X gene (PDHX; 608769) on chromosome 11p13; a form (PDHBD; 614111) caused by mutation in the PDHB gene (179060) on chromosome 3p14; a form (PDHDD; 245348) caused by mutation in the DLAT gene (608770) on chromosome 11q23; a form (PDHPD; 608782) caused by mutation in the PDP1 gene (605993) on chromosome 8q22; and a form (PDHLD; 614462) caused by mutation in the LIAS gene (607031) on chromosome 4p14.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326486">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343383"><div><strong>Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855553</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by the buildup of a chemical called lactic acid in the body and a variety of neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of this condition usually first appear shortly after birth, and they can vary widely among affected individuals. The most common feature is a potentially life-threatening buildup of lactic acid (lactic acidosis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, severe breathing problems, and an abnormal heartbeat. People with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency usually have neurological problems as well. Most have delayed development of mental abilities and motor skills such as sitting and walking. Other neurological problems can include intellectual disability, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), poor coordination, and difficulty walking. Some affected individuals have abnormal brain structures, such as underdevelopment of the tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain (corpus callosum), wasting away (atrophy) of the exterior part of the brain known as the cerebral cortex, or patches of damaged tissue (lesions) on some parts of the brain. Because of the severe health effects, many individuals with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency do not survive past childhood, although some may live into adolescence or adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343383">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481329"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481329</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3279699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to <i>TMEM70</i> mutation is characterized by early neonatal onset of hypotonia, hypetrophic cardiomyopathy and apneic spells within hours after birth accompanied by lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481329">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482290"><div><strong>Encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial peroxisomal fission 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482290</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3280660</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission-1 (EMPF1) is characterized by delayed psychomotor development and hypotonia that may lead to death in childhood. Many patients develop refractory seizures, consistent with an epileptic encephalopathy, and thereafter show neurologic decline. The age at onset, features, and severity are variable, and some patients may not have clinical evidence of mitochondrial or peroxisomal dysfunction (summary by Sheffer et al., 2016; Fahrner et al., 2016). Genetic Heterogeneity of Encephalopathy Due to Defective Mitochondrial And Peroxisomal Fission See also EMPF2 (617086), caused by mutation in the MFF gene (614785) on chromosome 2q36.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482290">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766288"><div><strong>Encephalopathy-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-renal tubular disease syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766288</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553374</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Encephalopathy-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-renal tubular disease syndrome is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis that manifests with a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms which may include: neonatal lactic acidosis, global developmental delay, tonus disorder, seizures, reduced spontaneous movements, ventricular hypertrophy, bradycardia, renal tubular dysfunction with massive lactic acid excretion in urine, severe biochemical defect of respiratory chain complexes II/III when assayed together and deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in skeletal muscle. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging and multiple choroid plexus cysts and symmetrical hyperechoic signal alterations in basal ganglia have been observed on ultrasound.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766288">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767522"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency is a genetic condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the brain, kidneys, liver, heart, and the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). Signs and symptoms of mitochondrial complex III deficiency usually begin in infancy but can appear later.\n\nThe severity of mitochondrial complex III deficiency varies widely among affected individuals. People who are mildly affected tend to have muscle weakness (myopathy) and extreme tiredness (fatigue), particularly during exercise (exercise intolerance). More severely affected individuals have problems with multiple body systems, such as liver disease that can lead to liver failure, kidney abnormalities (tubulopathy), and brain dysfunction (encephalopathy). Encephalopathy can cause delayed development of mental and motor skills (psychomotor delay), movement problems, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and difficulty with communication. Some affected individuals have a form of heart disease called cardiomyopathy, which can lead to heart failure. \n\nMost people with mitochondrial complex III deficiency have a buildup of a chemical called lactic acid in the body (lactic acidosis). Some affected individuals also have buildup of molecules called ketones (ketoacidosis) or high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Abnormally high levels of these chemicals in the body can be life-threatening.\n\nMitochondrial complex III deficiency can be fatal in childhood, although individuals with mild signs and symptoms can survive into adolescence or adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767522">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815773"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 12B (cardiomyopathic type), autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815773</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3809443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-12B is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and generalized skeletal myopathy resulting in exercise intolerance, and, in some patients, muscle weakness and atrophy. Skeletal muscle biopsy shows ragged-red fibers, mtDNA depletion, and accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (summary by Echaniz-Laguna et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (603041).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815773">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815922"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815922</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3809592</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome is a multi-system disorder characterized primarily by congenital or early-onset lactic acidosis and growth failure, feeding difficulty, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Other neurologic manifestations can include seizures, movement disorders, ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, and stroke-like episodes. All affected individuals alive at the time they were reported (median age: 3.5 years) demonstrated significant developmental delay. Other findings can involve the heart (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart malformations, arrhythmias), liver (mildly elevated transaminases), eyes (cataract, strabismus, nystagmus, optic atrophy), hearing (sensorineural hearing loss), and bone marrow (neutropenia, lymphopenia). Survival varies; the median age of reported deaths was two years (range 2 days – 75 months), although surviving individuals as old as 36 years have been reported. To date FBXL4-related mtDNA depletion syndrome has been reported in 50 individuals.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815922">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816734"><div><strong>Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816734</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3810404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Most children with carbonic anhydrase VA (CA-VA) deficiency reported to date have presented between day 2 of life and early childhood (up to age 20 months) with hyperammonemic encephalopathy (i.e., lethargy, feeding intolerance, weight loss, tachypnea, seizures, and coma). Given that fewer than 20 affected individuals have been reported to date, the ranges of initial presentations and long-term prognoses are not completely understood. As of 2021 the oldest known affected individual is an adolescent. Almost all affected individuals reported to date have shown normal psychomotor development and no further episodes of metabolic crisis; however, a few have shown mild learning difficulties or delayed motor skills.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816734">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862877"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862877</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014440</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 8, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with onset in childhood. Affected individuals may have normal or delayed early development, and often have episodic acute neurologic decompensation and regression associated with febrile illnesses. The developmental regression results in variable intellectual disability and motor deficits, such as hypotonia, axial hypertonia, and spasticity; some patients may lose the ability to walk independently. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and isolated deficiency of mitochondrial complex III in skeletal muscle and fibroblasts. Brain imaging shows a characteristic pattern of multifocal small cystic lesions in the periventricular and deep cerebral white matter (summary by Dallabona et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex III deficiency, see MC3DN1 (124000).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862877">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863097"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863097</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014660</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 20 is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by variable combination of psychomotor delay, hypotonia, muscle weakness, seizures, microcephaly, cardiomyopathy and mild dysmorphic facial features. Variable types of structural brain anomalies have also been reported. Biochemical studies typically show decreased activity of mitochondrial complexes (mainly complex I).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863097">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863499"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863499</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4015062</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863499">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_873604"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>873604</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4040739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum of SERAC1 deficiency comprises MEGD(H)EL syndrome (3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness-dystonia, [hepatopathy], encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome), juvenile-onset complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (in 1 consanguineous family), and adult-onset generalized dystonia (in 1 adult male). MEGD(H)EL syndrome is characterized in neonates by hypoglycemia and a sepsis-like clinical picture for which no infectious agent can be found. During the first year of life feeding problems, failure to thrive, and/or truncal hypotonia become evident; many infants experience (transient) liver involvement ranging from undulating transaminases to prolonged hyperbilirubinemia and near-fatal liver failure. By age two years progressive deafness, dystonia, and spasticity prevent further psychomotor development and/or result in loss of acquired skills. Affected children are completely dependent on care for all activities of daily living; speech is absent.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/873604">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903789"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 (cardioencephalomyopathic type)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903789</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225163</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the OPA1 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903789">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934628"><div><strong>Lethal left ventricular non-compaction-seizures-hypotonia-cataract-developmental delay syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934628</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310661</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-31 is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), global developmental delay, and severe hypotonia. More variable features include seizures, cataract, and abnormal movements. The disorder becomes apparent soon after birth or in early infancy, and patients may die in early childhood. Biochemical studies are consistent with a defect in mitochondrial function (summary by Eldomery et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934628">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1624694"><div><strong>Encephalopathy, neonatal severe, with lactic acidosis and brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1624694</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540052</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">NELABA is a severe autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by onset at birth of progressive encephalopathy associated with increased serum lactate. Affected individuals have little or no psychomotor development and show brain abnormalities, including cerebral atrophy, cysts, and white matter abnormalities. Some patients die in infancy (summary by Habarou et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1624694">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1644927"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 36</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644927</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693722</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644927">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634481"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634481</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4706315</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by initially normal growth and development followed by the infantile-onset of failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, poor feeding, dyspnea, severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies report increased plasma lactate and alanine, abnormal liver enzymes and decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V. Caused by compound heterozygous mutation in the MRPL3 gene on chromosome 3q22.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634481">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638633"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 21</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638633</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4706316</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-21 (COXPD21) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized either by onset within the first months of life of severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, epilepsy, and early death or by onset after 6 months of life with a milder course and longer survival (summary by Zheng et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638633">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648493"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 28</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648493</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 28 (MC1DN28) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia, nystagmus, bilateral lesions in the basal ganglia, and lactic acidosis (summary by Gonzalez-Quintana et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648493">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648451"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 29</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648451</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 29 (MC1DN29) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that usually presents in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood with exercise intolerance and easy fatigue with myalgias and muscle weakness. However, a severe multisystem presentation with chronic renal failure and cardiomyopathy in infancy has been reported (Sanchez-Caballero et al., 2016; Alston et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex I deficiency, see 252010.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648451">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1664257"><div><strong>Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis due to MTO1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1664257</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4749921</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-10 (COXPD10) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in variable defects of mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Affected individuals present in infancy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lactic acidosis. The severity is variable, but can be fatal in the most severe cases (summary by Ghezzi et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1664257">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1683361"><div><strong>Paganini-Miozzo syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1683361</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193010</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Paganini-Miozzo syndrome (MRXSPM) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, high myopia, and mild dysmorphic facial features (summary by Paganini et al., 2019)</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1683361">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675208"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675208</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193031</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-37 is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder apparent at birth or in the first months of life. Affected individuals have hypotonia, failure to thrive, and neurodegeneration with loss of developmental milestones, as well as liver dysfunction. Some patients may have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, loss of vision and hearing, and/or seizures. Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction is apparent in liver and skeletal muscle tissue. Most patients die in childhood (summary by Zeharia et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675208">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682102"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682102</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193064</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682102">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1745427"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 35</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1745427</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436576</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1745427">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1764816"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1764816</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436682</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 3 (MC4DN3) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Some patients present with encephalomyopathic features in early infancy, whereas others may present later in infancy or the first years of life after normal early development. Affected individuals show hypotonia, failure to thrive, and developmental delay or regression with poor eye contact and loss of motor skills with ataxia. Additional features observed in some patients include proximal renal tubulopathy, macrocytic anemia, sensorineural hearing loss, nystagmus, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, consistent with systemic involvement. Brain imaging in most patients shows lesions consistent with Leigh syndrome (see 256000). Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV. Most patients die in infancy (summary by Valnot et al., 2000 and Antonicka et al., 2003). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1764816">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1748100"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1748100</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436683</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 4 (MC4DN4) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of symptoms in infancy. Affected individuals show hypotonia, failure to thrive, and neurologic distress. Additional features include hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, increased serum lactate, and metabolic acidosis. Some patients may develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Patient tissues show decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV. Death usually occurs in infancy (summary by Valnot et al., 2000 and Stiburek et al., 2009). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1748100">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1754683"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1754683</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 7 (MC4DN7) is an autosomal recessive metabolic encephalomyopathic disorder with highly variable manifestations. Only a few patients have been reported. Some patients have normal early development then show rapid neurodegeneration with progressive muscle weakness, gait disturbances, and cognitive decline in mid to late childhood. Other features may include seizures and visual impairment. Brain imaging shows progressive leukodystrophy with cystic lesions. In contrast, at least 1 patient has been reported who presented in the neonatal period with metabolic acidosis, hydrocephalus, hypotonia, and cortical blindness. This patient developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resulting in early death. All patients had increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Massa et al., 2008 and Abdulhag et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1754683">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1773430"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1773430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436712</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 15 (MC4DN15) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of symptoms in infancy. Affected individuals show global developmental delay, poor feeding, short stature with microcephaly, proximal muscle weakness, and distal spasticity. Other manifestations include scoliosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, childhood-onset refractory seizures, and inability to walk. Brain imaging shows features consistent with Leigh syndrome (see 256000) and enlarged ventricles. Laboratory studies show increased serum and CSF lactate, as well as decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Hallmann et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1773430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1771040"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1771040</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 20 (MC4DN20) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of symptoms in infancy. Affected individuals show hypotonia, failure to thrive, and global developmental delay. Additional features include elevated liver enzymes, increased serum lactate, metabolic acidosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which may result in cardiorespiratory failure and early death. Patient tissues show variably decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (Baertling et al., 2017). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1771040">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1773965"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 36</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1773965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 36 (MC1DN36) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals usually do not acquire ambulation, show progressive spasticity, and have impaired intellectual development with absent speech. More variable features may include pale optic discs, poor eye contact, seizures, and congenital heart defects. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate; metabolic acidosis may occur during stress or infection. Brain imaging shows T2-weighted abnormalities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (see 256000). Patient tissue showed isolated mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Death may occur in childhood (Alahmad et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex I deficiency, see 252010.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1773965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779519"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, infantile-onset, with or without deafness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779519</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5542996</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy with or without deafness (LEPID) is an autosomal recessive complex neurodegenerative disorder with onset of symptoms in infancy or early childhood. Most patients present with sensorineural deafness or hypoacousia and global developmental delay. Affected individuals show episodic regression with progressive motor deterioration resulting in spastic tetraplegia and loss of ambulation, as well as impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech. Additional more variable features may include poor overall growth with microcephaly, seizures, visual loss, microcytic anemia, and hepatic enlargement or abnormal liver enzymes. Brain imaging shows deep white matter abnormalities consistent with a progressive leukoencephalopathy. The brain and spinal cord are usually both involved; calcifications of these regions are often observed. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and deficiencies of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, consistent with global mitochondrial dysfunction. Early death often occurs (summary by Itoh et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779519">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1786100"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 22</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1786100</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543491</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 22 (MC4DN22) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, and severe lactic acidosis with fatal outcome (Wintjes et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1786100">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1780479"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 52</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1780479</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543592</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-52 (COXPD52) is an autosomal recessive infantile mitochondrial complex II/III deficiency characterized by lactic acidemia, multiorgan system failure, and abnormal mitochondria. Intrafamilial variability has been reported (Farhan et al., 2014; Hershkovitz et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1780479">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1799028"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 30</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1799028</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5567605</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with characteristics of neonatal onset of hypotonia, feeding difficulties, deafness, and early fatal respiratory failure. Cardiac and liver involvement has been reported. Serum lactate is increased and metabolic studies show decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV in skeletal muscle.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1799028">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801540"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with progressive microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676972</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with progressive microcephaly (CONPM) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy. The phenotype is highly variable: the most severely affected individuals have severe and progressive microcephaly, early-onset seizures, lack of visual tracking, and almost no developmental milestones, resulting in early death. Less severely affected individuals have a small head circumference and severely impaired intellectual development with poor speech and motor delay. Additional features may include poor overall growth, axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia with spasticity, undescended testes, and cerebral atrophy with neuronal loss (Lam et al., 2019 and Vanoevelen et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823968"><div><strong>Liver disease, severe congenital</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823968</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe congenital liver disease (SCOLIV) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of progressive hepatic dysfunction usually in the first years of life. Affected individuals show feeding difficulties with failure to thrive and features such as jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abdominal distension. Laboratory workup is consistent with hepatic insufficiency and may also show coagulation defects, anemia, or metabolic disturbances. Cirrhosis and hypernodularity are commonly observed on liver biopsy. Many patients die of liver failure in early childhood (Moreno Traspas et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823968">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841116"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 4A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841116</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830480</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex V deficiency nuclear type 4A (MC5DN4A) is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder characterized by poor feeding and failure to thrive in early infancy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate, alanine, and ammonia, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Some affected individuals show spontaneous resolution of these symptoms in early childhood and have subsequent normal growth and development, whereas others show developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and movement abnormalities, including dystonia, ataxia, or spasticity; these neurologic deficits are persistent (Lines et al., 2021, Zech et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex V deficiency, nuclear types, see MC5DN1 (604273).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841116">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841277"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 58</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841277</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830641</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-58 (COXPD58) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical presentations including neonatal lactic acidosis, epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay and impaired intellectual development with nonspecific changes on brain MRI, or mitochondrial myopathy with a treatable neuromuscular transmission defect (Van Haute et al., 2023). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841277">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1845781"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 59</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845781</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-59 (COXPD59) may present as a lethal infantile form of Leigh syndrome (see 256000) or as a milder disorder with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and survival into adulthood (summary by Amarasekera et al., 2023). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845781">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_989503"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">CN306977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with NGLY1-related congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG) typically display a clinical tetrad of developmental delay / intellectual disability in the mild to profound range, hypo- or alacrima, elevated liver transaminases that may spontaneously resolve in childhood, and a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder that can include choreiform, athetoid, dystonic, myoclonic, action tremor, and dysmetric movements. About half of affected individuals will develop clinical seizures. Other findings may include obstructive and/or central sleep apnea, oral motor defects that affect feeding ability, auditory neuropathy, constipation, scoliosis, and peripheral neuropathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989503">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_873604" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863097" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 20</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638633" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 21</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1799028" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 30</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1634481" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 9</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (45)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863499" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1644927" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 36</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675208" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1682102" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1780479" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 52</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841277" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 58</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1845781" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 59</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_989503" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482290" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial peroxisomal fission 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1624694" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Encephalopathy, neonatal severe, with lactic acidosis and brain abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766288" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Encephalopathy-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-renal tubular disease syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120649" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperammonemia, type III</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816734" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperammonemic encephalopathy due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934628" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal left ventricular non-compaction-seizures-hypotonia-cataract-developmental delay syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779519" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, infantile-onset, with or without deafness</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823968" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Liver disease, severe congenital</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648493" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 28</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648451" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 29</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1745427" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 35</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1773965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 36</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1773430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 15</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1771040" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 20</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1764816" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1748100" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1754683" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_374101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex I deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767522" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 5</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862877" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 8</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1786100" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 22</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481329" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841116" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 4A</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815773" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 12B (cardiomyopathic type), autosomal recessive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815922" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903789" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 (cardioencephalomyopathic type)</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1664257" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis due to MTO1 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801540" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with progressive microcephaly</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1683361" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paganini-Miozzo syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_18801" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_326486" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343383" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7936305">Pyridoxine-responsive hyper-beta-alaninemia associated with Cohen's syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Higgins JJ,
|
||
Kaneski CR,
|
||
Bernardini I,
|
||
Brady RO,
|
||
Barton NW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
1994 Sep;44(9):1728-32.
|
||
doi: 10.1212/wnl.44.9.1728.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7936305" target="_blank">7936305</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyper-beta-alaninemia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34420622">Regional cutaneous vasodilator responses to rapid and gradual local heating in young adults.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saci S,
|
||
McGarr GW,
|
||
Fujii N,
|
||
Kenny GP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Therm Biol</span>
|
||
2021 Jul;99:102978.
|
||
Epub 2021 Apr 29
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102978.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34420622" target="_blank">34420622</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7936305">Pyridoxine-responsive hyper-beta-alaninemia associated with Cohen's syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Higgins JJ,
|
||
Kaneski CR,
|
||
Bernardini I,
|
||
Brady RO,
|
||
Barton NW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
1994 Sep;44(9):1728-32.
|
||
doi: 10.1212/wnl.44.9.1728.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7936305" target="_blank">7936305</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17926374">Hyper-beta-alaninemia associated with beta-aminoaciduria and gamma-aminobutyricaciduria, somnolence and seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scriver CR,
|
||
Pueschel S,
|
||
Davies E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
1966 Mar 24;274(12):635-43.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJM196603242741201.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17926374" target="_blank">17926374</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyper-beta-alaninemia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
|
||
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (10)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (10)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (11)</a></total></li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=237400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=309147" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hyper-beta-alaninemia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=237400" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/hyper_beta_alaninemia" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Hyper-beta-alaninemia" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10267/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
|
||
<h3>Reviews</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Hyper-beta-alaninemia" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed?term=Hyper-beta-alaninemia%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
|
||
<h3>Related information</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter"></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268630[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&from_uid=75702" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related Medical Subject Headings</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&from_uid=75702" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&from_uid=75702" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&from_uid=75702" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
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