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<!--
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Neonatal hypoglycemia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57646</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158986</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Hypoglycemia (neonatal); Hypoglycemia, neonatal</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Neonatal hypoglycemia (52767006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001998">HP:0001998</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Neonatal hypoglycemia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/233128" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result">Abnormal Blood Chemistry and Hematology Test Result</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6979" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypoglycemia">Hypoglycemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Neonatal hypoglycemia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_2562"><div><strong>Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2562</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a growth disorder variably characterized by macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele, neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, embryonal tumors (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, kidney abnormalities (e.g., medullary dysplasia, nephrocalcinosis, and medullary sponge kidney), and ear creases / posterior helical ear pits. BWS is considered a clinical spectrum, in which affected individuals may have many or only one or two of the characteristic clinical features. Although most individuals with BWS show rapid growth in late fetal development and early childhood, growth rate usually slows by age seven to eight years. Adult heights are typically within the normal range. Hemihyperplasia (also known as lateralized overgrowth) is often appreciated at birth and may become more or less evident over time. Hemihyperplasia may affect segmental regions of the body or selected organs and tissues. Hemihyperplasia may be limited to one side of the body (ipsilateral) or involve opposite sides of the body (contralateral). Macroglossia is generally present at birth and can obstruct breathing or interfere with feeding in infants. Neonatal hypoglycemia occurs in approximately 50% of infants with BWS; most episodes are mild and transient. However, in some cases, persistent hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism may require consultation with an endocrinologist for therapeutic intervention. With respect to the increased risk for embryonal tumor development, the risk for Wilms tumor appears to be concentrated in the first seven years of life, whereas the risk for developing hepatoblastoma is concentrated in the first three to four years of life. Cognitive and neurobehavioral development is usually normal. After childhood, prognosis is generally favorable, although some adults experience issues requiring medical management (e.g., for renal or skeletal concerns).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2562">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_61232"><div><strong>Sotos syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Sotos syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance (broad and prominent forehead with a dolichocephalic head shape, sparse frontotemporal hair, downslanting palpebral fissures, malar flushing, long and narrow face, long chin); learning disability (early developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual impairment); and overgrowth (height and/or head circumference =2 SD above the mean). These three clinical features are considered the cardinal features of Sotos syndrome. Major features of Sotos syndrome include behavioral findings (most notably autistic spectrum disorder), advanced bone age, cardiac anomalies, cranial MRI/CT abnormalities, joint hyperlaxity with or without pes planus, maternal preeclampsia, neonatal complications, renal anomalies, scoliosis, and seizures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61232">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_91000"><div><strong>Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>91000</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342791</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is a critical component of the carnitine shuttle, which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines across the inner mitochondrial membrane. CACT deficiency causes a defect in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid ß-oxidation, with variable clinical severity. Severe neonatal-onset disease is most common, with symptoms evident within two days after birth; attenuated cases may present in the first months of life. Hyperammonemia and cardiac arrhythmia are prominent in early-onset disease, with high rates of cardiac arrest. Other clinical features are typical for disorders of long-chain fatty acid oxidation: poor feeding, lethargy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hypotonia, transaminitis, liver dysfunction with hepatomegaly, and rhabdomyolysis. Univentricular or biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ranging from mild to severe, may respond to appropriate dietary and medical therapies. Hyperammonemia is difficult to treat and is an important determinant of long-term neurocognitive outcome. Affected individuals with early-onset disease typically experience brain injury at presentation, and have recurrent hyperammonemia leading to developmental delay / intellectual disability. Affected individuals with later-onset disease have milder symptoms and are less likely to experience recurrent hyperammonemia, allowing a better developmental outcome. Prompt treatment of the presenting episode to prevent hypoglycemic, hypoxic, or hyperammonemic brain injury may allow normal growth and development.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/91000">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_209236"><div><strong>Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>209236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0878683</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">PROP1-related combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is associated with deficiencies of: growth hormone (GH); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); prolactin (PrL); and occasionally adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). At birth, in contrast to individuals with congenital CPHD of other etiologies, neonates with PROP1-related CPHD lack perinatal signs of hypopituitarism. Mean birth weights and lengths are usually within the normal range and neonatal hypoglycemia and prolonged neonatal jaundice are not prevalent findings. Most affected individuals are ascertained because of short stature during childhood. Although TSH deficiency can present shortly after birth, TSH deficiency usually occurs with or after the onset of GH deficiency. Hypothyroidism is usually mild. FSH and LH deficiencies are typically identified at the age of onset of puberty. Affected individuals can have absent or delayed and incomplete secondary sexual development with infertility. Untreated males usually have a small penis and small testes. Some females experience menarche but subsequently require hormone replacement therapy. ACTH deficiency is less common and, when present, usually occurs in adolescence or adulthood. Neuroimaging of hypothalamic-pituitary region usually demonstrates a hypoplastic or normal anterior pituitary lobe and a normal posterior pituitary lobe.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/209236">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325238"><div><strong>Midface hypoplasia, obesity, developmental delay, and neonatal hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325238">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341133"><div><strong>Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848030</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare, genetic disorder of amino acid absorption and transport, characterized by generalized hypotonia at birth, neonatal/infantile failure to thrive (followed by hyperphagia and rapid weight gain in late childhood), cystinuria type 1, nephrolithiasis, growth retardation due to growth hormone deficiency, and minor facial dysmorphism. Dysmorphic features mainly include dolichocephaly and ptosis. Nephrolithiasis occurs at variable ages.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341133">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337919"><div><strong>Lethal congenital glycogen storage disease of heart</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337919</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849813</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare glycogen storage disease with fetal or neonatal onset of severe cardiomyopathy with non-lysosomal glycogen accumulation and fatal outcome in infancy. Patients present with massive cardiomegaly, severe cardiac and respiratory complications and failure to thrive. Non-specific facial dysmorphism, bilateral cataracts, macroglossia, hydrocephalus, enlarged kidneys and skeletal muscle involvement have been reported in some cases.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337919">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343430"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disorder due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycogen storage disease type 0 (also known as GSD 0) is a condition caused by the body's inability to form a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. GSD 0 has two types: in muscle GSD 0, glycogen formation in the muscles is impaired, and in liver GSD 0, glycogen formation in the liver is impaired.\n\nIndividuals with liver GSD 0 usually show signs and symptoms of the disorder in infancy. People with this disorder develop low blood sugar (glucose), known as hypoglycemia, after going long periods of time without food (fasting). Signs of hypoglycemia become apparent when affected infants begin sleeping through the night and stop late-night feedings; these infants exhibit extreme tiredness (lethargy), pale skin (pallor), and nausea. During episodes of fasting, ketone levels in the blood may increase (ketosis). Ketones are molecules produced during the breakdown of fats, which occurs when stored sugars (such as glycogen) are unavailable. These short-term signs and symptoms of liver GSD 0 often improve when food is eaten and glucose levels in the body return to normal. The features of liver GSD 0 vary; they can be mild and go unnoticed for years, or they can include developmental delay and growth failure.\n\nThe signs and symptoms of muscle GSD 0 typically begin in early childhood. Affected individuals often experience muscle pain and weakness or episodes of fainting (syncope) following moderate physical activity, such as walking up stairs. The loss of consciousness that occurs with fainting typically lasts up to several hours. Some individuals with muscle GSD 0 have a disruption of the heart's normal rhythm (arrhythmia) known as long QT syndrome. In all affected individuals, muscle GSD 0 impairs the heart's ability to effectively pump blood and increases the risk of cardiac arrest and sudden death, particularly after physical activity. Sudden death from cardiac arrest can occur in childhood or adolescence in people with muscle GSD 0.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462790"><div><strong>Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462790</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151440</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic form in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the OTX2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462790">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477126"><div><strong>Kabuki syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477126</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by typical facial features (long palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelid; arched and broad eyebrows; short columella with depressed nasal tip; large, prominent, or cupped ears), minor skeletal anomalies, persistence of fetal fingertip pads, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, and postnatal growth deficiency. Other findings may include: congenital heart defects, genitourinary anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, gastrointestinal anomalies including anal atresia, ptosis and strabismus, and widely spaced teeth and hypodontia. Functional differences can include: increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune disorders, seizures, endocrinologic abnormalities (including isolated premature thelarche in females), feeding problems, and hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477126">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_480014"><div><strong>Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia and body hemihypertrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480014</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278384</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia and body hemihypertrophy is a rare, genetic, endocrine disease characterized by neonatal macrosomia, asymmetrical overgrowth (typically manifesting as left-sided hemihypertrophy) and recurrent, severe hypoinsulinemic (or hypoketotic hypo-fatty-acidemic) hypoglycemia in infancy, which results in episodes of reduced consciousness and seizures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480014">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934617"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310650</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MGCA8 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in death in infancy. Features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, respiratory insufficiency with apneic episodes, and lack of developmental progress, often with seizures. Brain imaging is variable, but may show progressive cerebral atrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggesting a mitochondrial defect (summary by Mandel et al., 2016).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1616472"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 45</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1616472</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4539848</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1616472">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648402"><div><strong>Orthostatic hypotension 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648402</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4746777</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function resulting in profound deficits in autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function (orthostatic hypotension) and other autonomic dysfunction (ptosis, nasal stuffiness, sleep difficulties, and impaired ejaculation in males). Although DBH deficiency is present from birth, the diagnosis is often not generally recognized until late childhood. In the perinatal period, DBH deficiency has been complicated by vomiting, dehydration, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia requiring repeated hospitalization, and the diagnosis may be identified fortuitously in the neonatal period with investigation of hypoglycemia. Children may report reduced exercise capacity. By early adulthood, individuals have profound orthostatic hypotension, greatly reduced exercise tolerance, ptosis, and nasal stuffiness. Presyncopal symptoms include dizziness, blurred vision, dyspnea, nuchal discomfort, and chest pain; symptoms may worsen in hot environments or after heavy meals or alcohol ingestion. Some individuals have abnormal kidney function, joint laxity, hypotonia, high-arched palate, anemia, and/or hypoglycemia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648402">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684820"><div><strong>Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684820</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231394</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome (MRXSBA) is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and poor or absent speech. Most patients are able to walk, although they may have an unsteady gait or spasticity. Additional findings include dysmorphic facial features and mild distal skeletal anomalies. Males and females are similarly affected (summary by Basilicata et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684820">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1714148"><div><strong>Silver-russell syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1714148</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394446</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is typically characterized by gestational growth restriction resulting in affected individuals being born small for gestational age, with relative macrocephaly at birth (head circumference =1.5 standard deviations [SD] above birth weight and/or length), prominent forehead with frontal bossing, and frequently body asymmetry. This is typically followed by postnatal growth failure, and in some cases progressive limb length discrepancy and feeding difficulties. Additional clinical features include triangular facies, fifth finger clinodactyly, and micrognathia with narrow chin. Except for the limb length asymmetry, growth failure is proportionate and head growth typically normal. The average adult height in untreated individuals is ~3.1±1.4 SD below the mean. The Netchine-Harbison Clinical Scoring System (NH-CSS) is a sensitive diagnostic scoring system. Clinical diagnosis can be established in an individual who meets at least four of the NH-CSS clinical criteria prominent forehead/frontal bossing and relative macrocephaly at birth plus two additional findings and in whom other disorders have been ruled out.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1714148">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1756624"><div><strong>Deeah syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1756624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436579</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">DEEAH syndrome is an autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder with onset in early infancy. Affected individuals usually present in the perinatal period with respiratory insufficiency, apneic episodes, and generalized hypotonia. The patients have failure to thrive and severely impaired global development with poor acquisition of motor, cognitive, and language skills. Other common features include endocrine, pancreatic exocrine, and autonomic dysfunction, as well as hematologic disturbances, mainly low hemoglobin. Patients also have dysmorphic and myopathic facial features. Additional more variable features include seizures, undescended testes, and distal skeletal anomalies. Death in early childhood may occur (summary by Schneeberger et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1756624">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1764816"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1764816</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436682</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 3 (MC4DN3) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Some patients present with encephalomyopathic features in early infancy, whereas others may present later in infancy or the first years of life after normal early development. Affected individuals show hypotonia, failure to thrive, and developmental delay or regression with poor eye contact and loss of motor skills with ataxia. Additional features observed in some patients include proximal renal tubulopathy, macrocytic anemia, sensorineural hearing loss, nystagmus, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, consistent with systemic involvement. Brain imaging in most patients shows lesions consistent with Leigh syndrome (see 256000). Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV. Most patients die in infancy (summary by Valnot et al., 2000 and Antonicka et al., 2003).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1764816">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1745691"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1745691</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 12 (MC4DN12) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of neurologic dysfunction in early infancy. Affected individuals demonstrate hypotonia with poor head control, profoundly delayed global development with inability to fix and follow, poor overall growth, abnormal spasms or myoclonus, and seizures. Most patients die in the first years of life; those that survive have spastic quadriplegia, feeding difficulties necessitating tube feeding, and profoundly impaired intellectual development with poor or absent communication. More variable features include cortical blindness, nystagmus, scoliosis, and hearing impairment. Brain imaging shows abnormalities consistent with Leigh syndrome (see 256000), as well as cystic cavitation. Laboratory studies show lactic acidosis, increased serum creatine kinase, and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Lim et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1745691">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778117"><div><strong>Neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease, multisystem, infantile-onset 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778117</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543623</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease-2 (IMNEPD2) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder characterized by cholestatic hepatitis, poor feeding associated with poor overall growth, and hypoglycemia apparent from infancy. Most, but not all, patients have variable global developmental delay. Additional common features include sensorineural deafness, retinal abnormalities with visual defects, and hypotonia. Some patients have endocrine abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, pancreatic dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and primary amenorrhea. Additional features may include hypertriglyceridemia, anemia, proteinuria, increased lactate, and recurrent infections. Brain imaging often shows dysmyelination, thin corpus callosum, cerebral atrophy, and white matter abnormalities. Although the clinical manifestations and severity of the disorder are highly variable, death in early childhood may occur (summary by Williams et al., 2019 and Zeiad et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of IMNEPD, see IMNEPD1 (616263).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778117">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1810214"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1810214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676893</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CLPB (caseinolytic peptidase B) deficiency is characterized by neurologic involvement and neutropenia, which can range from severe to mild. In severe CLPB deficiency, death usually occurs at a few months of age due to significant neonatal neurologic involvement (hyperekplexia or absence of voluntary movements, hypotonia or hypertonia, swallowing problems, respiratory insufficiency, and epilepsy) and severe neutropenia associated with life-threatening infections. Individuals with moderate CLPB deficiency present with neurologic abnormalities in infancy including hypotonia and feeding problems, and develop spasticity, a progressive movement disorder (ataxia, dystonia, and/or dyskinesia), epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Neutropenia is variable, but not life threatening. In those with mild CLPB deficiency there is no neurologic involvement, intellect is normal, neutropenia is mild and intermittent, and life expectancy is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1810214">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1844996"><div><strong>Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1844996</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882743</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-27 (HLD27) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired motor and intellectual development apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have poor or absent speech, ataxic gait or inability to sit or walk, spasticity, and abnormal eye movements (nystagmus, gaze palsy). Some patients have seizures. Disease progression and developmental regression consistent with neurodegeneration is often observed. Brain imaging shows progressive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and thin corpus callosum (Misceo et al., 2023).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HLD, see 312080.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1844996">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1810214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684820" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_2562" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_91000" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (22)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1756624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deeah syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disorder due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_480014" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia and body hemihypertrophy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1616472" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 45</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477126" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kabuki syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337919" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital glycogen storage disease of heart</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1844996" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 27</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Midface hypoplasia, obesity, developmental delay, and neonatal hypotonia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1745691" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1764816" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778117" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease, multisystem, infantile-onset 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648402" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Orthostatic hypotension 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_209236" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462790" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1714148" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Silver-russell syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_61232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sotos syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37361517">Neonatal hypoglycemia: lack of evidence for a safe management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roeper M,
Hoermann H,
Kummer S,
Meissner T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2023;14:1179102.
Epub 2023 Jun 8
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179102.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37361517" target="_blank">37361517</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10285477" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33550962">Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pharmacological Prevention and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chatzakis C,
Cavoretto P,
Sotiriadis A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pharm Des</span>
2021;27(36):3833-3840.
doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210125155428.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33550962" target="_blank">33550962</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32391888">Guidelines for Management of Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Are They Actually Applicable?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dani C,
Corsini I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Pediatr</span>
2020 Jul 1;174(7):638-639.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0632.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32391888" target="_blank">32391888</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (147)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38816219">Neonatal Hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edmundson K,
Jnah AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neonatal Netw</span>
2024 May 1;43(3):156-164.
doi: 10.1891/NN-2023-0068.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38816219" target="_blank">38816219</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37361517">Neonatal hypoglycemia: lack of evidence for a safe management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roeper M,
Hoermann H,
Kummer S,
Meissner T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2023;14:1179102.
Epub 2023 Jun 8
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179102.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37361517" target="_blank">37361517</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10285477" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33796072">Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Brain Vulnerability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Angelis LC,
Brigati G,
Polleri G,
Malova M,
Parodi A,
Minghetti D,
Rossi A,
Massirio P,
Traggiai C,
Maghnie M,
Ramenghi LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2021;12:634305.
Epub 2021 Mar 16
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.634305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33796072" target="_blank">33796072</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8008815" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33526637">Obesity and Pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paredes C,
Hsu RC,
Tong A,
Johnson JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neoreviews</span>
2021 Feb;22(2):e78-e87.
doi: 10.1542/neo.22-2-e78.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33526637" target="_blank">33526637</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28364046">Neonatal Hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thompson-Branch A,
Havranek T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2017 Apr;38(4):147-157.
doi: 10.1542/pir.2016-0063.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28364046" target="_blank">28364046</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (742)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38816219">Neonatal Hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edmundson K,
Jnah AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neonatal Netw</span>
2024 May 1;43(3):156-164.
doi: 10.1891/NN-2023-0068.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38816219" target="_blank">38816219</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37786390">Early Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dunne F,
Newman C,
Alvarez-Iglesias A,
Ferguson J,
Smyth A,
Browne M,
O'Shea P,
Devane D,
Gillespie P,
Bogdanet D,
Kgosidialwa O,
Egan A,
Finn Y,
Gaffney G,
Khattak A,
O'Keeffe D,
Liew A,
O'Donnell M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2023 Oct 24;330(16):1547-1556.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.19869.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37786390" target="_blank">37786390</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10548359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37361517">Neonatal hypoglycemia: lack of evidence for a safe management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roeper M,
Hoermann H,
Kummer S,
Meissner T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2023;14:1179102.
Epub 2023 Jun 8
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179102.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37361517" target="_blank">37361517</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10285477" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29947269">Infant of diabetic mother: what one needs to know?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kallem VR,
Pandita A,
Pillai A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
2020 Feb;33(3):482-492.
Epub 2018 Sep 9
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1494710.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29947269" target="_blank">29947269</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18463375">Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group,
Metzger BE,
Lowe LP,
Dyer AR,
Trimble ER,
Chaovarindr U,
Coustan DR,
Hadden DR,
McCance DR,
Hod M,
McIntyre HD,
Oats JJ,
Persson B,
Rogers MS,
Sacks DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2008 May 8;358(19):1991-2002.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18463375" target="_blank">18463375</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (478)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38180635">Neonatal hypoglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes: Yesterday, today, tomorrow.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Rose DU,
Perri A,
Maggio L,
Salvatori G,
Dotta A,
Vento G,
Gallini F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2024 Mar;183(3):1113-1119.
Epub 2024 Jan 5
doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05405-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38180635" target="_blank">38180635</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37798604">Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy: an update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paschou SA,
Shalit A,
Gerontiti E,
Athanasiadou KI,
Kalampokas T,
Psaltopoulou T,
Lambrinoudaki I,
Anastasiou E,
Wolffenbuttel BHR,
Goulis DG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrine</span>
2024 Feb;83(2):259-269.
Epub 2023 Oct 5
doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03550-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37798604" target="_blank">37798604</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10850184" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37786390">Early Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dunne F,
Newman C,
Alvarez-Iglesias A,
Ferguson J,
Smyth A,
Browne M,
O'Shea P,
Devane D,
Gillespie P,
Bogdanet D,
Kgosidialwa O,
Egan A,
Finn Y,
Gaffney G,
Khattak A,
O'Keeffe D,
Liew A,
O'Donnell M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2023 Oct 24;330(16):1547-1556.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.19869.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37786390" target="_blank">37786390</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10548359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33550962">Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pharmacological Prevention and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chatzakis C,
Cavoretto P,
Sotiriadis A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pharm Des</span>
2021;27(36):3833-3840.
doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210125155428.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33550962" target="_blank">33550962</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30819340">Hypoglycemia in the Newborn.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rozance PJ,
Wolfsdorf JI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Apr;66(2):333-342.
Epub 2019 Feb 1
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30819340" target="_blank">30819340</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (408)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38656759">Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late Preterm Antenatal Corticosteroids: The ALPS Follow-Up Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gyamfi-Bannerman C,
Clifton RG,
Tita ATN,
Blackwell SC,
Longo M,
de Voest JA,
O'Shea TM,
Bousleiman SZ,
Ortiz F,
Rouse DJ,
Metz TD,
Saade GR,
Rood KM,
Heyborne KD,
Thorp JM Jr,
Swamy GK,
Grobman WA,
Gibson KS,
El-Sayed YY,
Macones GA;
Eunice Kennedy Shriver Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2024 May 21;331(19):1629-1637.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.4303.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38656759" target="_blank">38656759</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11044009" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33507929">Evaluation of oral dextrose gel for prevention of neonatal hypoglycemia (hPOD): A multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Harding JE,
Hegarty JE,
Crowther CA,
Edlin RP,
Gamble GD,
Alsweiler JM;
hPOD Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS Med</span>
2021 Jan;18(1):e1003411.
Epub 2021 Jan 28
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003411.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33507929" target="_blank">33507929</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7842885" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24423035">Screening and diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hartling L,
Dryden DM,
Guthrie A,
Muise M,
Vandermeer B,
Aktary WM,
Pasichnyk D,
Seida JC,
Donovan L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)</span>
2012 Oct;(210):1-327.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24423035" target="_blank">24423035</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4781607" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10805167">Newer techniques to study neonatal hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kinnala A,
Korvenranta H,
Parkkola R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Perinatol</span>
2000 Apr;24(2):116-9.
doi: 10.1053/sp.2000.6362.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10805167" target="_blank">10805167</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4814421">Neonatal hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coates JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med J Aust</span>
1974 Jan 5;1(1):11-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4814421" target="_blank">4814421</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (253)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38944478">Etiology of the Neonatal Hypoglycemias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stanley CA,
De Leon DD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Pediatr</span>
2024 Aug;71(1):119-134.
Epub 2024 Apr 23
doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.03.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38944478" target="_blank">38944478</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37798604">Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy: an update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paschou SA,
Shalit A,
Gerontiti E,
Athanasiadou KI,
Kalampokas T,
Psaltopoulou T,
Lambrinoudaki I,
Anastasiou E,
Wolffenbuttel BHR,
Goulis DG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrine</span>
2024 Feb;83(2):259-269.
Epub 2023 Oct 5
doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03550-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37798604" target="_blank">37798604</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10850184" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37786390">Early Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dunne F,
Newman C,
Alvarez-Iglesias A,
Ferguson J,
Smyth A,
Browne M,
O'Shea P,
Devane D,
Gillespie P,
Bogdanet D,
Kgosidialwa O,
Egan A,
Finn Y,
Gaffney G,
Khattak A,
O'Keeffe D,
Liew A,
O'Donnell M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2023 Oct 24;330(16):1547-1556.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.19869.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37786390" target="_blank">37786390</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10548359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33796072">Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Brain Vulnerability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Angelis LC,
Brigati G,
Polleri G,
Malova M,
Parodi A,
Minghetti D,
Rossi A,
Massirio P,
Traggiai C,
Maghnie M,
Ramenghi LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2021;12:634305.
Epub 2021 Mar 16
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.634305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33796072" target="_blank">33796072</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8008815" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18463375">Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group,
Metzger BE,
Lowe LP,
Dyer AR,
Trimble ER,
Chaovarindr U,
Coustan DR,
Hadden DR,
McCance DR,
Hod M,
McIntyre HD,
Oats JJ,
Persson B,
Rogers MS,
Sacks DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2008 May 8;358(19):1991-2002.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18463375" target="_blank">18463375</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (330)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38124287">A meta-analysis of metformin and insulin on maternal outcome and neonatal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wu R,
Zhang Q,
Li Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
2024 Dec;37(1):2295809.
Epub 2023 Dec 20
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2295809.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38124287" target="_blank">38124287</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37997458">Systematic review of guidelines on neonatal hypoglycemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo K,
Tang J,
Zhang M,
He Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</span>
2024 Jan;100(1):36-49.
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doi: 10.1111/cen.14995.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37997458" target="_blank">37997458</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36593391">Short-term neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated using metformin versus insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sheng B,
Ni J,
Lv B,
Jiang G,
Lin X,
Li H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Diabetol</span>
2023 May;60(5):595-608.
Epub 2023 Jan 3
doi: 10.1007/s00592-022-02016-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36593391" target="_blank">36593391</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10063481" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31781670">Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin, Glyburide, and Insulin in Treating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guo L,
Ma J,
Tang J,
Hu D,
Zhang W,
Zhao X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Diabetes Res</span>
2019;2019:9804708.
Epub 2019 Nov 4
doi: 10.1155/2019/9804708.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31781670" target="_blank">31781670</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6875019" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28971305">Screening and Treatment for Early-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Immanuel J,
Simmons D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diab Rep</span>
2017 Oct 2;17(11):115.
doi: 10.1007/s11892-017-0943-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28971305" target="_blank">28971305</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neonatal%20hypoglycemia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (59)</a></div></div>
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