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<!--
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UID=42057
|
||
ConceptID=C0016412
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Reduced blood folate concentration</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42057</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0016412</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Folate deficiency</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Deficiency of folic acid (190633005); Folic acid deficiency (190633005); Folate deficiency (190633005)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100507">HP:0100507</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">A reduced circulating concentration of folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Reduced blood folate concentration</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867398" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1703500" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal metabolism">Abnormal metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867647" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of vitamin metabolism">Abnormality of vitamin metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867296" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of vitamin B metabolism">Abnormality of vitamin B metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868552" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of folate metabolism">Abnormality of folate metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866690" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal blood folate concentration">Abnormal blood folate concentration</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Reduced blood folate concentration</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_83348"><div><strong>Congenital defect of folate absorption</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0342705</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM) is characterized by folate deficiency due to impaired intestinal folate absorption and impaired folate transport into the central nervous system. Findings include poor feeding, failure to thrive, and anemia. There can be leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, diarrhea and/or oral mucositis, hypoimmunoglobulinemia, and other immunologic dysfunction resulting in infections, most often Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Neurologic manifestations include developmental delays, cognitive and motor disorders, behavioral disorders, and seizures.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83348">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395227"><div><strong>Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1788942"><div><strong>Multiple congenital anomalies-neurodevelopmental syndrome, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1788942</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5542341</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked multiple congenital anomalies-neurodevelopmental syndrome (MCAND) is an X-linked recessive congenital multisystemic disorder characterized by poor growth, global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development, and variable abnormalities of the cardiac, skeletal, and genitourinary systems. Most affected individuals also have hypotonia and dysmorphic craniofacial features. Brain imaging typically shows enlarged ventricles and thin corpus callosum; some have microcephaly, whereas others have hydrocephalus. The severity of the disorder is highly variable, ranging from death in early infancy to survival into the second or third decade. Pathogenetically, the disorder results from disrupted gene expression and signaling during embryogenesis, thus affecting multiple systems (summary by Tripolszki et al., 2021 and Beck et al., 2021). Beck et al. (2021) referred to the disorder as LINKED syndrome (LINKage-specific deubiquitylation deficiency-induced Embryonic Defects).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1788942">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794177"><div><strong>DEGCAGS syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794177</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561967</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">DEGCAGS syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anemia or pancytopenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. Death in childhood may occur (summary by Bertoli-Avella et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794177">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_83348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital defect of folate absorption</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794177" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DEGCAGS syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1788942" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple congenital anomalies-neurodevelopmental syndrome, X-linked</a></div></div>
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||
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||
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35311615">Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sarris J,
|
||
Ravindran A,
|
||
Yatham LN,
|
||
Marx W,
|
||
Rucklidge JJ,
|
||
McIntyre RS,
|
||
Akhondzadeh S,
|
||
Benedetti F,
|
||
Caneo C,
|
||
Cramer H,
|
||
Cribb L,
|
||
de Manincor M,
|
||
Dean O,
|
||
Deslandes AC,
|
||
Freeman MP,
|
||
Gangadhar B,
|
||
Harvey BH,
|
||
Kasper S,
|
||
Lake J,
|
||
Lopresti A,
|
||
Lu L,
|
||
Metri NJ,
|
||
Mischoulon D,
|
||
Ng CH,
|
||
Nishi D,
|
||
Rahimi R,
|
||
Seedat S,
|
||
Sinclair J,
|
||
Su KP,
|
||
Zhang ZJ,
|
||
Berk M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Biol Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2022 Jul;23(6):424-455.
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 21
|
||
doi: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2013041.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35311615" target="_blank">35311615</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29472048">Oral lichen planus - Differential diagnoses, serum autoantibodies, hematinic deficiencies, and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chiang CP,
|
||
Yu-Fong Chang J,
|
||
Wang YP,
|
||
Wu YH,
|
||
Lu SY,
|
||
Sun A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Formos Med Assoc</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;117(9):756-765.
|
||
Epub 2018 Feb 19
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.021.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29472048" target="_blank">29472048</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24942828">Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devalia V,
|
||
Hamilton MS,
|
||
Molloy AM;
|
||
British Committee for Standards in Haematology</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Haematol</span>
|
||
2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.
|
||
Epub 2014 Jun 18
|
||
doi: 10.1111/bjh.12959.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24942828" target="_blank">24942828</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (243)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34207319">The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shulpekova Y,
|
||
Nechaev V,
|
||
Kardasheva S,
|
||
Sedova A,
|
||
Kurbatova A,
|
||
Bueverova E,
|
||
Kopylov A,
|
||
Malsagova K,
|
||
Dlamini JC,
|
||
Ivashkin V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Molecules</span>
|
||
2021 Jun 18;26(12)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/molecules26123731.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34207319" target="_blank">34207319</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8235569" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28603928">Nutritional role of folate.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ebara S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
|
||
2017 Sep;57(5):138-141.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jul 25
|
||
doi: 10.1111/cga.12233.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28603928" target="_blank">28603928</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24494987">Folate, folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate are not the same thing.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scaglione F,
|
||
Panzavolta G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Xenobiotica</span>
|
||
2014 May;44(5):480-8.
|
||
Epub 2014 Feb 4
|
||
doi: 10.3109/00498254.2013.845705.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24494987" target="_blank">24494987</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24284617">Folate deficiency and folic acid supplementation: the prevention of neural-tube defects and congenital heart defects.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Czeizel AE,
|
||
Dudás I,
|
||
Vereczkey A,
|
||
Bánhidy F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
|
||
2013 Nov 21;5(11):4760-75.
|
||
doi: 10.3390/nu5114760.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24284617" target="_blank">24284617</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3847759" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15736892">Diet and periodontitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Zahrani MS,
|
||
Bissada NF,
|
||
Borawski EA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Int Acad Periodontol</span>
|
||
2005 Jan;7(1):21-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15736892" target="_blank">15736892</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3301)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32127439">Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Socha DS,
|
||
DeSouza SI,
|
||
Flagg A,
|
||
Sekeres M,
|
||
Rogers HJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleve Clin J Med</span>
|
||
2020 Mar;87(3):153-164.
|
||
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.19072.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32127439" target="_blank">32127439</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28603928">Nutritional role of folate.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ebara S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
|
||
2017 Sep;57(5):138-141.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jul 25
|
||
doi: 10.1111/cga.12233.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28603928" target="_blank">28603928</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28189172">Megaloblastic Anemias: Nutritional and Other Causes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green R,
|
||
Datta Mitra A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2017 Mar;101(2):297-317.
|
||
Epub 2016 Dec 14
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.013.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28189172" target="_blank">28189172</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24942828">Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devalia V,
|
||
Hamilton MS,
|
||
Molloy AM;
|
||
British Committee for Standards in Haematology</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Haematol</span>
|
||
2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.
|
||
Epub 2014 Jun 18
|
||
doi: 10.1111/bjh.12959.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24942828" target="_blank">24942828</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22138002">Anaemia in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goonewardene M,
|
||
Shehata M,
|
||
Hamad A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
|
||
2012 Feb;26(1):3-24.
|
||
Epub 2011 Dec 3
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.10.010.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22138002" target="_blank">22138002</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1589)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30919078">Folic acid deficiency and vision: a review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sijilmassi O</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2019 Aug;257(8):1573-1580.
|
||
Epub 2019 Mar 27
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04304-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30919078" target="_blank">30919078</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28603928">Nutritional role of folate.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ebara S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
|
||
2017 Sep;57(5):138-141.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jul 25
|
||
doi: 10.1111/cga.12233.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28603928" target="_blank">28603928</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27723395">Anaemia in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Annamraju H,
|
||
Pavord S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Hosp Med (Lond)</span>
|
||
2016 Oct;77(10):584-588.
|
||
doi: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.10.584.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27723395" target="_blank">27723395</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24942828">Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devalia V,
|
||
Hamilton MS,
|
||
Molloy AM;
|
||
British Committee for Standards in Haematology</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Haematol</span>
|
||
2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.
|
||
Epub 2014 Jun 18
|
||
doi: 10.1111/bjh.12959.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24942828" target="_blank">24942828</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24284617">Folate deficiency and folic acid supplementation: the prevention of neural-tube defects and congenital heart defects.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Czeizel AE,
|
||
Dudás I,
|
||
Vereczkey A,
|
||
Bánhidy F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
|
||
2013 Nov 21;5(11):4760-75.
|
||
doi: 10.3390/nu5114760.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24284617" target="_blank">24284617</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3847759" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3269)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35337628">Vitamin B12 deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green R,
|
||
Miller JW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vitam Horm</span>
|
||
2022;119:405-439.
|
||
Epub 2022 Mar 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.02.003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35337628" target="_blank">35337628</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30913345">Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearson TS,
|
||
Pons R,
|
||
Ghaoui R,
|
||
Sue CM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2019 May;34(5):625-636.
|
||
Epub 2019 Mar 26
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.27655.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30913345" target="_blank">30913345</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30873598">Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keats EC,
|
||
Haider BA,
|
||
Tam E,
|
||
Bhutta ZA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2019 Mar 14;3(3):CD004905.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30873598" target="_blank">30873598</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6418471" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30862697">Etiology and Outcomes of Thrombotic Microangiopathies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bayer G,
|
||
von Tokarski F,
|
||
Thoreau B,
|
||
Bauvois A,
|
||
Barbet C,
|
||
Cloarec S,
|
||
Mérieau E,
|
||
Lachot S,
|
||
Garot D,
|
||
Bernard L,
|
||
Gyan E,
|
||
Perrotin F,
|
||
Pouplard C,
|
||
Maillot F,
|
||
Gatault P,
|
||
Sautenet B,
|
||
Rusch E,
|
||
Buchler M,
|
||
Vigneau C,
|
||
Fakhouri F,
|
||
Halimi JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
|
||
2019 Apr 5;14(4):557-566.
|
||
Epub 2019 Mar 12
|
||
doi: 10.2215/CJN.11470918.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30862697" target="_blank">30862697</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6450353" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19202968">Evaluation of macrocytosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaferle J,
|
||
Strzoda CE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2009 Feb 1;79(3):203-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19202968" target="_blank">19202968</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (782)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34207319">The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shulpekova Y,
|
||
Nechaev V,
|
||
Kardasheva S,
|
||
Sedova A,
|
||
Kurbatova A,
|
||
Bueverova E,
|
||
Kopylov A,
|
||
Malsagova K,
|
||
Dlamini JC,
|
||
Ivashkin V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Molecules</span>
|
||
2021 Jun 18;26(12)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/molecules26123731.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34207319" target="_blank">34207319</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8235569" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22900183">Periconceptional folate deficiency and implications in neural tube defects.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Safi J,
|
||
Joyeux L,
|
||
Chalouhi GE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pregnancy</span>
|
||
2012;2012:295083.
|
||
Epub 2012 Aug 5
|
||
doi: 10.1155/2012/295083.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22900183" target="_blank">22900183</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3415073" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19202968">Evaluation of macrocytosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaferle J,
|
||
Strzoda CE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2009 Feb 1;79(3):203-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19202968" target="_blank">19202968</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6146753">Methylation and mood.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reynolds EH,
|
||
Carney MW,
|
||
Toone BK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
1984 Jul 28;2(8396):196-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90482-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6146753" target="_blank">6146753</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7138159">Masked megaloblastic anemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spivak JL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Intern Med</span>
|
||
1982 Nov;142(12):2111-4.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7138159" target="_blank">7138159</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1447)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34432056">B vitamins and prevention of cognitive decline and incident dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Z,
|
||
Zhu W,
|
||
Xing Y,
|
||
Jia J,
|
||
Tang Y</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutr Rev</span>
|
||
2022 Mar 10;80(4):931-949.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab057.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34432056" target="_blank">34432056</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34564844">Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">da Silva Lopes K,
|
||
Yamaji N,
|
||
Rahman MO,
|
||
Suto M,
|
||
Takemoto Y,
|
||
Garcia-Casal MN,
|
||
Ota E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2021 Sep 26;9(9):CD013092.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013092.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34564844" target="_blank">34564844</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8464655" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33809274">Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Markun S,
|
||
Gravestock I,
|
||
Jäger L,
|
||
Rosemann T,
|
||
Pichierri G,
|
||
Burgstaller JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
|
||
2021 Mar 12;13(3)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/nu13030923.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33809274" target="_blank">33809274</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8000524" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33619867">Association between neuropathy and B-vitamins: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stein J,
|
||
Geisel J,
|
||
Obeid R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
|
||
2021 Jun;28(6):2054-2064.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 15
|
||
doi: 10.1111/ene.14786.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33619867" target="_blank">33619867</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26198451">Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peña-Rosas JP,
|
||
De-Regil LM,
|
||
Garcia-Casal MN,
|
||
Dowswell T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2015 Jul 22;2015(7):CD004736.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26198451" target="_blank">26198451</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8918165" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (112)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Reduced%20blood%20folate%20concentration%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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