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<meta name="keywords" content="C1836646, dermal translucency, finding, translucent skin, translucent skins, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=373141
ConceptID=C1836646
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Dermal translucency</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373141</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Translucent skin; Translucent skins</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0010648">HP:0010648</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Dermal translucency</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the integument">Abnormality of the integument</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1845238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skin">Abnormality of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869110" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skin morphology">Abnormal skin morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Dermal translucency</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82790"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82790</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268338</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is characterized by arterial, intestinal, and/or uterine fragility; thin, translucent skin; easy bruising; characteristic facial appearance (thin vermilion of the lips, micrognathia, narrow nose, prominent eyes); and an aged appearance to the extremities, particularly the hands. Vascular dissection or rupture, gastrointestinal perforation, or organ rupture are the presenting signs in most adults with vEDS. Arterial rupture may be preceded by aneurysm, arteriovenous fistulae, or dissection but also may occur spontaneously. The majority (60%) of individuals with vEDS who are diagnosed before age 18 years are identified because of a positive family history. Neonates may present with clubfoot, hip dislocation, limb deficiency, and/or amniotic bands. Approximately half of children tested for vEDS in the absence of a positive family history present with a major complication at an average age of 11 years. Four minor diagnostic features distal joint hypermobility, easy bruising, thin skin, and clubfeet are most often present in those children ascertained without a major complication.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82790">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_230818"><div><strong>Barber-Say syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>230818</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1319466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Barber-Say syndrome (BBRSAY) is a rare congenital condition characterized by severe hypertrichosis, especially of the back, skin abnormalities such as hyperlaxity and redundancy, and facial dysmorphism, including macrostomia, eyelid deformities, ocular telecanthus, abnormal and low-set ears, bulbous nasal tip with hypoplastic alae nasi, and low frontal hairline (summary by Roche et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/230818">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382398"><div><strong>Loeys-Dietz syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382398</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C2674574</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382398">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394125"><div><strong>Fontaine progeroid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394125</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676780</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SLC25A24 Fontaine progeroid syndrome is a multisystem connective tissue disorder characterized by poor growth, abnormal skeletal features, and distinctive craniofacial features with sagging, thin skin, and decreased subcutaneous fat suggesting an aged appearance that is most pronounced in infancy and improves with time. Characteristic radiographic features include turribrachycephaly with widely open anterior fontanelle, craniosynostosis, and anomalies of the terminal phalanges. Cardiovascular, genitourinary, ocular, and gastrointestinal abnormalities may also occur. To date, 13 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of SLC25A24 Fontaine progeroid syndrome have been described.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394125">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_397792"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>397792</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2700425</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dermatosparaxis (meaning 'tearing of skin') is an autosomal recessive disorder of connective tissue resulting from deficiency of procollagen peptidase, an enzyme that aids in the processing of type I procollagen. The disorder and the responsible biochemical defect was first observed in cattle (Lapiere et al., 1971). Lapiere and Nusgens (1993) reviewed the discovery of dermatosparaxis in cattle, the elucidation of the disorder, its occurrence in other animals, and the delayed recognition of the disorder in the human.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/397792">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414526"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751987</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotype of autosomal recessive cutis laxa type II (ARCL2) includes cutis laxa of variable severity, abnormal growth, developmental delay, and associated skeletal abnormalities (summary by Morava et al., 2009). No specific clinical features distinguish ARCL2A (219200), which includes a glycosylation defect, and ARCL2B, in which abnormal glycosylation has not been reported (Morava et al., 2009; Guernsey et al., 2009).&#13; For a phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (219100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462437"><div><strong>Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462437</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151087</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462437">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482428"><div><strong>Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">EFEMP2-related cutis laxa, or autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), is characterized by cutis laxa and systemic involvement, most commonly arterial tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenosis; retrognathia; joint laxity; and arachnodactyly. Severity ranges from perinatal lethality as a result of cardiopulmonary failure to manifestations limited to the vascular and craniofacial systems.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482428">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482429"><div><strong>PYCR1-related de Barsy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280799</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">De Barsy syndrome, also known as autosomal recessive cutis laxa type III (ARCL3), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an aged appearance with distinctive facial features, sparse hair, ophthalmologic abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and cutis laxa (summary by Lin et al., 2011).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of de Barsy syndrome, see 219150.&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see 219200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482429">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815540"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic type, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809210</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome spondylodysplastic type 2 (EDSSPD2) include an aged appearance, developmental delay, short stature, craniofacial disproportion, generalized osteopenia, defective wound healing, hypermobile joints, hypotonic muscles, and loose but elastic skin (Okajima et al., 1999).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of the spondylodysplastic type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see 130070.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_899774"><div><strong>Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>899774</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant cutis laxa-3 (ADCL3) is characterized by thin skin with visible veins and wrinkles, cataract or corneal clouding, clenched fingers, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and moderate intellectual disability. In addition, patients exhibit a combination of muscular hypotonia with brisk muscle reflexes (Fischer-Zirnsak et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant cutis laxa, see ARCL1 (123700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/899774">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1373459"><div><strong>Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1373459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4317151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by these 4 features, which begin in early childhood and are progressive (summary by Moalem et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1373459">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1376945"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1376945</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inherited condition caused by autosomal dominant mutation(s) in the PPP1CB gene, encoding serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit. The condition is characterized by facial features similar to those seen in Noonan syndrome but may also include short stature, cognitive deficits, relative macrocephaly, small posterior fossa resulting in Chiari I malformation, hypernasal voice, cardiac defects, and ectodermal abnormalities, which typically presents as slow-growing, sparse, and/or unruly hair.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1376945">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1619150"><div><strong>Pilarowski-Bjornsson syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1619150</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540131</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pilarowski-Bjornsson syndrome (PILBOS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed development, impaired intellectual development, often with autistic features, speech apraxia, and mild dysmorphic features. Some patients may have seizures. The phenotype is somewhat variable (summary by Pilarowski et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1619150">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646567"><div><strong>Loeys-Dietz syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646567</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551955</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646567">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1636142"><div><strong>Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1636142</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4552029</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders (DC/TBD) are caused by impaired telomere maintenance resulting in short or very short telomeres. The phenotypic spectrum of telomere biology disorders is broad and includes individuals with classic dyskeratosis congenita (DC) as well as those with very short telomeres and an isolated physical finding. Classic DC is characterized by a triad of dysplastic nails, lacy reticular pigmentation of the upper chest and/or neck, and oral leukoplakia, although this may not be present in all individuals. People with DC/TBD are at increased risk for progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia, solid tumors (usually squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck or anogenital cancer), and pulmonary fibrosis. Other findings can include eye abnormalities (epiphora, blepharitis, sparse eyelashes, ectropion, entropion, trichiasis), taurodontism, liver disease, gastrointestinal telangiectasias, and avascular necrosis of the hips or shoulders. Although most persons with DC/TBD have normal psychomotor development and normal neurologic function, significant developmental delay is present in both forms; additional findings include cerebellar hypoplasia (Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome) and bilateral exudative retinopathy and intracranial calcifications (Revesz syndrome and Coats plus syndrome). Onset and progression of manifestations of DC/TBD vary: at the mild end of the spectrum are those who have only minimal physical findings with normal bone marrow function, and at the severe end are those who have the diagnostic triad and early-onset BMF.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1636142">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675672"><div><strong>Polymicrogyria with or without vascular-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675672</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193040</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Polymicrogyria with or without vascular-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Although all patients have polymicrogyria and other variable structural brain anomalies on imaging, only some show developmental delay and/or seizures. Similarly, only some patients have connective tissue defects that particularly affect the vascular system and can result in early death (summary by Vandervore et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675672">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1763836"><div><strong>Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1763836</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436842</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-1 (OIEDS1) is an autosomal dominant generalized connective tissue disorder characterized by features of both osteogenesis imperfecta (bone fragility, long bone fractures, blue sclerae) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (joint hyperextensibility, soft and hyperextensible skin, abnormal wound healing, easy bruising, vascular fragility) (summary by Cabral et al., 2007; Malfait et al., 2013).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Combined Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome&#13; Also see OIEDS2 (619120), caused by mutation in the COL1A2 gene (120160) on chromosome 7q21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1763836">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1751229"><div><strong>Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1751229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436847</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-2 (OIEDS2) is an autosomal dominant generalized connective tissue disorder characterized by features of both osteogenesis imperfecta (bone fragility, long bone fractures, blue sclerae) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (joint hyperextensibility, soft and hyperextensible skin, abnormal wound healing, easy bruising, vascular fragility) (summary by Raff et al., 2000 and Malfait et al., 2013).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see 619115.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1751229">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778238"><div><strong>Fibromuscular dysplasia, multifocal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778238</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543412</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMDMF) is characterized histologically by medial fibroplasia and angiographically by multiple arterial stenoses with intervening mural dilations. Arterial tortuosity, macroaneurysms, dissections, and rupture may occur (summary by Richer et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778238">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794251"><div><strong>Loeys-Dietz syndrome 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794251</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562041</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794251">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823968"><div><strong>Liver disease, severe congenital</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823968</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe congenital liver disease (SCOLIV) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of progressive hepatic dysfunction usually in the first years of life. Affected individuals show feeding difficulties with failure to thrive and features such as jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abdominal distension. Laboratory workup is consistent with hepatic insufficiency and may also show coagulation defects, anemia, or metabolic disturbances. Cirrhosis and hypernodularity are commonly observed on liver biopsy. Many patients die of liver failure in early childhood (Moreno Traspas et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823968">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1857168"><div><strong>Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1d</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1857168</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935602</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type ID (ARCL1D) is characterized by facial dysmorphism, joint hypermobility, muscle hypotonia, and multiple severe herniations, including inguinal, ventral, diaphragmatic, sciatic, and obturator, as well as large diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. The skin is thin and translucent with easy bruising; the degree of laxity is variable and progresses with age in some patients (Megarbane et al., 2012; Bizzari et al., 2020; Driver et al., 2020; Verlee et al., 2021).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (219100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1857168">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1857169"><div><strong>Neuromuscular disorder, congenital, with dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1857169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935643</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital neuromuscular disorder with dysmorphic facies (NMDF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired skeletal muscle development, usually resulting in hypotonia and secondary joint contractures, and dysmorphic facial features. Features are apparent from birth. Affected individuals may show motor delay, speech delay, and impaired intellectual development. The severity of the disorder is highly variable (Schnabel et al., 2023; Roos et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1857169">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462437" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_230818" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Barber-Say syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1636142" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1763836" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 1</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (24)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1751229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_899774" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1857168" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1d</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_397792" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815540" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic type, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82790" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778238" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fibromuscular dysplasia, multifocal</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394125" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fontaine progeroid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1373459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823968" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Liver disease, severe congenital</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646567" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_382398" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794251" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1857169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuromuscular disorder, congenital, with dysmorphic facies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1376945" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1619150" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pilarowski-Bjornsson syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675672" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polymicrogyria with or without vascular-type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PYCR1-related de Barsy syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33534106">Amphotericin B-loaded deformable lipid vesicles for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carvalheiro M,
Vieira J,
Faria-Silva C,
Marto J,
Simões S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drug Deliv Transl Res</span>
2021 Apr;11(2):717-728.
Epub 2021 Feb 3
doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-00910-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33534106" target="_blank">33534106</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32475797">Development of dynamic cell and organotypic skin models, for the investigation of a novel visco-elastic burns treatment using molecular and cellular approaches.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wallace RG,
Kenealy MR,
Brady AJ,
Twomey L,
Duffy E,
Degryse B,
Caballero-Lima D,
Moyna NM,
Custaud MA,
Meade-Murphy G,
Morrin A,
Murphy RP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Burns</span>
2020 Nov;46(7):1585-1602.
Epub 2020 May 14
doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.04.036.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32475797" target="_blank">32475797</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(dermal%20translucency)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39390124">Correction of Infraorbital Dark Circles Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Collagen Filler: A Novel Regenerative Option.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheong S,
Yang H,
Hao C,
Lu F,
He Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aesthetic Plast Surg</span>
2024 Nov;48(22):4693-4701.
Epub 2024 Oct 10
doi: 10.1007/s00266-024-04417-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39390124" target="_blank">39390124</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30547385">Safety and efficacy of dermal fibroblast conditioned medium (DFCM) fortified collagen hydrogel as acellular 3D skin patch.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maarof M,
Mh Busra MF,
Lokanathan Y,
Bt Hj Idrus R,
Rajab NF,
Chowdhury SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drug Deliv Transl Res</span>
2019 Feb;9(1):144-161.
doi: 10.1007/s13346-018-00612-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30547385" target="_blank">30547385</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30019575">Digital myxoid cysts: 12-year experience from two Italian Dermatology Units.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferreli C,
Caravano M,
Fumo G,
Rongioletti F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">G Ital Dermatol Venereol</span>
2018 Dec;153(6):847-854.
Epub 2018 Jul 18
doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06101-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30019575" target="_blank">30019575</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14571077">Secondary anetoderma overlying pilomatrixomas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fujioka M,
Gozo N,
Osamu M,
Tsuneyuki Y,
Takehisa Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2003;207(3):316-8.
doi: 10.1159/000073097.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14571077" target="_blank">14571077</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11107527">Can granuloma annulare evolve into cutaneous sarcoidosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lupton JR,
Figueroa P,
Berberian BJ,
Sulica VI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cutis</span>
2000 Nov;66(5):390-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11107527" target="_blank">11107527</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dermal%20translucency%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30566539">Acrokeratoelastoidosis and knuckle pads coexisting in a child.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barrick C,
Moran J,
Oram C,
Purcell S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cutis</span>
2018 Nov;102(5):344-346.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30566539" target="_blank">30566539</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29469730">A giant apocrine hidrocystoma of the trunk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">May C,
Chang O,
Compton N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Online J</span>
2017 Sep 15;23(9)
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29469730" target="_blank">29469730</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28276195">Nodular colloid milium mimicking keloid.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Azimi SZ,
Zargari O,
Rudolph RI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cosmet Dermatol</span>
2017 Dec;16(4):e45-e47.
Epub 2017 Mar 9
doi: 10.1111/jocd.12325.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28276195" target="_blank">28276195</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26746693">Small vessel microembolization and acute glomerulonephritis following infection of aesthetic filler implants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannata-Ortiz P,
Gracia C,
Aouad Y,
Barat A,
Martinez-Gonzalez MA,
Rossello G,
Martin-Cleary C,
Fernández-Fernández B,
Requena L,
Ortiz A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diagn Pathol</span>
2016 Jan 8;11:2.
doi: 10.1186/s13000-016-0453-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26746693" target="_blank">26746693</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4706724" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20110796">Amorphous basophilic deposit in the superficial dermis of the lip in an 80 year old.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anatelli F,
Chapman MS,
Brennick J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Dermatopathol</span>
2010 May;32(3):306-309.
doi: 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181b9e5ab.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20110796" target="_blank">20110796</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dermal%20translucency%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35177282">Helpful hints in deciding what and when to operate after enzymatic debridement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Claes KEY,
De Decker I,
Monstrey S,
Shoham Y,
Vyncke T,
Depypere B,
De Wolf E,
Decuypere F,
Lannau B,
Hoeksema H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Burns</span>
2023 Feb;49(1):80-90.
Epub 2022 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.01.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35177282" target="_blank">35177282</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30566539">Acrokeratoelastoidosis and knuckle pads coexisting in a child.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barrick C,
Moran J,
Oram C,
Purcell S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cutis</span>
2018 Nov;102(5):344-346.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30566539" target="_blank">30566539</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26746693">Small vessel microembolization and acute glomerulonephritis following infection of aesthetic filler implants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannata-Ortiz P,
Gracia C,
Aouad Y,
Barat A,
Martinez-Gonzalez MA,
Rossello G,
Martin-Cleary C,
Fernández-Fernández B,
Requena L,
Ortiz A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diagn Pathol</span>
2016 Jan 8;11:2.
doi: 10.1186/s13000-016-0453-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26746693" target="_blank">26746693</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4706724" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20110796">Amorphous basophilic deposit in the superficial dermis of the lip in an 80 year old.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anatelli F,
Chapman MS,
Brennick J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Dermatopathol</span>
2010 May;32(3):306-309.
doi: 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181b9e5ab.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20110796" target="_blank">20110796</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12352134">Dermatome setting for autografts to cover INTEGRA.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fang P,
Engrav LH,
Gibran NS,
Honari S,
Kiriluk DB,
Cole JK,
Fleckman P,
Heimbach DM,
Bauer GJ,
Matsumura H,
Warner P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Burn Care Rehabil</span>
2002 Sep-Oct;23(5):327-32.
doi: 10.1097/00004630-200209000-00005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12352134" target="_blank">12352134</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dermal%20translucency%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35177282">Helpful hints in deciding what and when to operate after enzymatic debridement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Claes KEY,
De Decker I,
Monstrey S,
Shoham Y,
Vyncke T,
Depypere B,
De Wolf E,
Decuypere F,
Lannau B,
Hoeksema H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Burns</span>
2023 Feb;49(1):80-90.
Epub 2022 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.01.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35177282" target="_blank">35177282</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26746693">Small vessel microembolization and acute glomerulonephritis following infection of aesthetic filler implants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannata-Ortiz P,
Gracia C,
Aouad Y,
Barat A,
Martinez-Gonzalez MA,
Rossello G,
Martin-Cleary C,
Fernández-Fernández B,
Requena L,
Ortiz A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diagn Pathol</span>
2016 Jan 8;11:2.
doi: 10.1186/s13000-016-0453-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26746693" target="_blank">26746693</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4706724" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16702501">Mucocutaneous neuromas: an underrecognized manifestation of PTEN hamartoma-tumor syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schaffer JV,
Kamino H,
Witkiewicz A,
McNiff JM,
Orlow SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dermatol</span>
2006 May;142(5):625-32.
doi: 10.1001/archderm.142.5.625.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16702501" target="_blank">16702501</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14571077">Secondary anetoderma overlying pilomatrixomas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fujioka M,
Gozo N,
Osamu M,
Tsuneyuki Y,
Takehisa Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatology</span>
2003;207(3):316-8.
doi: 10.1159/000073097.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14571077" target="_blank">14571077</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11107527">Can granuloma annulare evolve into cutaneous sarcoidosis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lupton JR,
Figueroa P,
Berberian BJ,
Sulica VI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cutis</span>
2000 Nov;66(5):390-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11107527" target="_blank">11107527</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dermal%20translucency%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35177282">Helpful hints in deciding what and when to operate after enzymatic debridement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Claes KEY,
De Decker I,
Monstrey S,
Shoham Y,
Vyncke T,
Depypere B,
De Wolf E,
Decuypere F,
Lannau B,
Hoeksema H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Burns</span>
2023 Feb;49(1):80-90.
Epub 2022 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.01.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35177282" target="_blank">35177282</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33534106">Amphotericin B-loaded deformable lipid vesicles for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carvalheiro M,
Vieira J,
Faria-Silva C,
Marto J,
Simões S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drug Deliv Transl Res</span>
2021 Apr;11(2):717-728.
Epub 2021 Feb 3
doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-00910-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33534106" target="_blank">33534106</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31739103">Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saleem U,
Khalid S,
Zaib S,
Anwar F,
Ahmad B,
Ullah I,
Zeb A,
Ayaz M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Ethnopharmacol</span>
2020 Mar 1;249:112401.
Epub 2019 Nov 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112401.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31739103" target="_blank">31739103</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26746693">Small vessel microembolization and acute glomerulonephritis following infection of aesthetic filler implants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cannata-Ortiz P,
Gracia C,
Aouad Y,
Barat A,
Martinez-Gonzalez MA,
Rossello G,
Martin-Cleary C,
Fernández-Fernández B,
Requena L,
Ortiz A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diagn Pathol</span>
2016 Jan 8;11:2.
doi: 10.1186/s13000-016-0453-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26746693" target="_blank">26746693</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4706724" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16702501">Mucocutaneous neuromas: an underrecognized manifestation of PTEN hamartoma-tumor syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schaffer JV,
Kamino H,
Witkiewicz A,
McNiff JM,
Orlow SJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dermatol</span>
2006 May;142(5):625-32.
doi: 10.1001/archderm.142.5.625.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16702501" target="_blank">16702501</a></div>
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