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<!--
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UID=349179
|
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ConceptID=C1859516
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Episodic metabolic acidosis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349179</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859516</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Metabolic acidosis, episodic; Recurrent episodes of acidosis</td></tr>
|
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004911">HP:0004911</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Repeated transient episodes of metabolic acidosis, that is, of the buildup of acid or depletion of base due to accumulation of metabolic acids. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Episodic metabolic acidosis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867398" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868551" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal homeostasis">Abnormal homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/7851" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of acid-base homeostasis">Abnormality of acid-base homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1296" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acidosis">Acidosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/65117" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic acidosis">Metabolic acidosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Episodic metabolic acidosis</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78691"><div><strong>3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78691</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268600</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, ranging from neonatal onset with severe neurologic involvement to asymptomatic adults. There is a characteristic organic aciduria with massive excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, usually in combination with a severe secondary carnitine deficiency. MCC activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of patients is usually less than 2% of control (summary by Baumgartner et al., 2001). Also see 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria II (MCC2D; 210210), caused by mutation in the beta subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCC2; 609014).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78691">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_90998"><div><strong>Deficiency of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90998</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0342783</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Most infants with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) identified through newborn screening programs have remained well, and asymptomatic relatives who meet diagnostic criteria are reported. Thus, SCADD is now viewed as a biochemical phenotype rather than a disease. A broad range of clinical findings was originally reported in those with confirmed SCADD, including severe dysmorphic facial features, feeding difficulties / failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, ketotic hypoglycemia, lethargy, developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, dystonia, and myopathy. However, individuals with no symptoms were also reported. In a large series of affected individuals detected on metabolic evaluation for developmental delay, 20% had failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, and hypotonia; 22% had seizures; and 30% had hypotonia without seizures. In contrast, the majority of infants with SCADD have been detected by expanded newborn screening, and the great majority of these infants remain asymptomatic. As with other fatty acid oxidation deficiencies, characteristic biochemical findings of SCADD may be absent except during times of physiologic stress such as fasting and illness. A diagnosis of SCADD based on clinical findings should not preclude additional testing to look for other causes.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90998">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344424"><div><strong>Methylmalonic aciduria due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344424</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">For this GeneReview, the term "isolated methylmalonic acidemia" refers to a group of inborn errors of metabolism associated with elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentration in the blood and urine that result from the failure to isomerize (convert) methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) into succinyl-CoA during propionyl-CoA metabolism in the mitochondrial matrix, without hyperhomocysteinemia or homocystinuria, hypomethioninemia, or variations in other metabolites, such as malonic acid. Isolated MMA is caused by complete or partial deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mut0 enzymatic subtype or mut– enzymatic subtype, respectively), a defect in the transport or synthesis of its cofactor, 5-deoxy-adenosyl-cobalamin (cblA, cblB, or cblD-MMA), or deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase. Prior to the advent of newborn screening, common phenotypes included: Infantile/non-B12-responsive form (mut0 enzymatic subtype, cblB), the most common phenotype, associated with infantile-onset lethargy, tachypnea, hypothermia, vomiting, and dehydration on initiation of protein-containing feeds. Without appropriate treatment, the infantile/non-B12-responsive phenotype could rapidly progress to coma due to hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Partially deficient or B12-responsive phenotypes (mut– enzymatic subtype, cblA, cblB [rare], cblD-MMA), in which symptoms occur in the first few months or years of life and are characterized by feeding problems, failure to thrive, hypotonia, and developmental delay marked by episodes of metabolic decompensation. Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency, in which findings range from complete absence of symptoms to severe metabolic acidosis. Affected individuals can also develop ataxia, dysarthria, hypotonia, mild spastic paraparesis, and seizures. In those individuals diagnosed by newborn screening and treated from an early age, there appears to be decreased early mortality, less severe symptoms at diagnosis, favorable short-term neurodevelopmental outcome, and lower incidence of movement disorders and irreversible cerebral damage. However, secondary complications may still occur and can include intellectual disability, tubulointerstitial nephritis with progressive impairment of renal function, "metabolic stroke" (bilateral lacunar infarction of the basal ganglia during acute metabolic decompensation), pancreatitis, growth failure, functional immune impairment, bone marrow failure, optic nerve atrophy, arrhythmias and/or cardiomyopathy (dilated or hypertrophic), liver steatosis/fibrosis/cancer, and renal cancer.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344424">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419735"><div><strong>Nephropathic cystinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_478062"><div><strong>Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>478062</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3276432</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-1 (MMDS1) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder of systemic energy metabolism, resulting in weakness, respiratory failure, lack of neurologic development, lactic acidosis, and early death (Seyda et al., 2001). Genetic Heterogeneity of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome See also MMDS2 (614299), caused by mutation in the BOLA3 gene (613183) on chromosome 2p13; MMDS3 (615330), caused by mutation in the IBA57 gene (615316) on chromosome 1q42; MMDS4 (616370), caused by mutation in the ISCA2 gene (615317) on chromosome 14q24; MMDS5 (617613), caused by mutation in the ISCA1 gene (611006) on chromosome 9q21; MMDS6 (617954), caused by mutation in the PMPCB gene (603131) on chromosome 7q22; MMDS7 (620423), caused by mutation in the GCSH gene (238330) on chromosome 16q23; MMDS8 (251900), caused by mutation in the FDX2 gene (614585) on chromosome 19p13; MMDS9A (617717) and MMDS9B (620887), both caused by mutation in the FDXR gene (103270) on chromosome 17q25.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/478062">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78691" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_90998" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deficiency of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344424" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Methylmalonic aciduria due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_478062" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephropathic cystinosis</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34118021">Clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of stroke-like episodes due to MELAS.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tetsuka S,
|
||
Ogawa T,
|
||
Hashimoto R,
|
||
Kato H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Metab Brain Dis</span>
|
||
2021 Dec;36(8):2181-2193.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jun 12
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00772-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34118021" target="_blank">34118021</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33105273">Mitochondrial medicine therapies: rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barcelos I,
|
||
Shadiack E,
|
||
Ganetzky RD,
|
||
Falk MJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
|
||
2020 Dec;32(6):707-718.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000954.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33105273" target="_blank">33105273</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7774245" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26095523">MELAS syndrome: Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El-Hattab AW,
|
||
Adesina AM,
|
||
Jones J,
|
||
Scaglia F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
2015 Sep-Oct;116(1-2):4-12.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jun 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26095523" target="_blank">26095523</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (132)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37024306">MELAS: Phenotype Classification into Classic-versus-Atypical Presentations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alves CAPF,
|
||
Zandifar A,
|
||
Peterson JT,
|
||
Tara SZ,
|
||
Ganetzky R,
|
||
Viaene AN,
|
||
Andronikou S,
|
||
Falk MJ,
|
||
Vossough A,
|
||
Goldstein AC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
|
||
2023 May;44(5):602-610.
|
||
Epub 2023 Apr 6
|
||
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7837.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37024306" target="_blank">37024306</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10171385" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33941367">The Heart in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Narrative Review Focusing on the Acute Cardiac Effects and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carrizales-Sepúlveda EF,
|
||
Vera-Pineda R,
|
||
Jiménez-Castillo RA,
|
||
Violante-Cumpa JR,
|
||
Flores-Ramírez R,
|
||
Ordaz-Farías A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Sci</span>
|
||
2021 Jun;361(6):690-701.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 26
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.030.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33941367" target="_blank">33941367</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29897851">Clinical Trial of Fluid Infusion Rates for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuppermann N,
|
||
Ghetti S,
|
||
Schunk JE,
|
||
Stoner MJ,
|
||
Rewers A,
|
||
McManemy JK,
|
||
Myers SR,
|
||
Nigrovic LE,
|
||
Garro A,
|
||
Brown KM,
|
||
Quayle KS,
|
||
Trainor JL,
|
||
Tzimenatos L,
|
||
Bennett JE,
|
||
DePiero AD,
|
||
Kwok MY,
|
||
Perry CS 3rd,
|
||
Olsen CS,
|
||
Casper TC,
|
||
Dean JM,
|
||
Glaser NS;
|
||
PECARN DKA FLUID Study Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2018 Jun 14;378(24):2275-2287.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716816.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29897851" target="_blank">29897851</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6051773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26798030">Subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Andrade-Castellanos CA,
|
||
Colunga-Lozano LE,
|
||
Delgado-Figueroa N,
|
||
Gonzalez-Padilla DA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2016 Jan 21;2016(1):CD011281.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011281.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26798030" target="_blank">26798030</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8829395" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24463678">Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sibai BM,
|
||
Viteri OA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obstet Gynecol</span>
|
||
2014 Jan;123(1):167-178.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000060.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24463678" target="_blank">24463678</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (898)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37024306">MELAS: Phenotype Classification into Classic-versus-Atypical Presentations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alves CAPF,
|
||
Zandifar A,
|
||
Peterson JT,
|
||
Tara SZ,
|
||
Ganetzky R,
|
||
Viaene AN,
|
||
Andronikou S,
|
||
Falk MJ,
|
||
Vossough A,
|
||
Goldstein AC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
|
||
2023 May;44(5):602-610.
|
||
Epub 2023 Apr 6
|
||
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7837.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37024306" target="_blank">37024306</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10171385" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33941367">The Heart in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Narrative Review Focusing on the Acute Cardiac Effects and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carrizales-Sepúlveda EF,
|
||
Vera-Pineda R,
|
||
Jiménez-Castillo RA,
|
||
Violante-Cumpa JR,
|
||
Flores-Ramírez R,
|
||
Ordaz-Farías A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Sci</span>
|
||
2021 Jun;361(6):690-701.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 26
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.030.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33941367" target="_blank">33941367</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29897851">Clinical Trial of Fluid Infusion Rates for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuppermann N,
|
||
Ghetti S,
|
||
Schunk JE,
|
||
Stoner MJ,
|
||
Rewers A,
|
||
McManemy JK,
|
||
Myers SR,
|
||
Nigrovic LE,
|
||
Garro A,
|
||
Brown KM,
|
||
Quayle KS,
|
||
Trainor JL,
|
||
Tzimenatos L,
|
||
Bennett JE,
|
||
DePiero AD,
|
||
Kwok MY,
|
||
Perry CS 3rd,
|
||
Olsen CS,
|
||
Casper TC,
|
||
Dean JM,
|
||
Glaser NS;
|
||
PECARN DKA FLUID Study Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2018 Jun 14;378(24):2275-2287.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716816.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29897851" target="_blank">29897851</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6051773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24463678">Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sibai BM,
|
||
Viteri OA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obstet Gynecol</span>
|
||
2014 Jan;123(1):167-178.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000060.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24463678" target="_blank">24463678</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8325282">Diabetic ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fleckman AM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
|
||
1993 Jun;22(2):181-207.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8325282" target="_blank">8325282</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1125)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39356511">Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure: A Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Flythe JE,
|
||
Watnick S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
|
||
2024 Nov 12;332(18):1559-1573.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.16338.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39356511" target="_blank">39356511</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29897851">Clinical Trial of Fluid Infusion Rates for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuppermann N,
|
||
Ghetti S,
|
||
Schunk JE,
|
||
Stoner MJ,
|
||
Rewers A,
|
||
McManemy JK,
|
||
Myers SR,
|
||
Nigrovic LE,
|
||
Garro A,
|
||
Brown KM,
|
||
Quayle KS,
|
||
Trainor JL,
|
||
Tzimenatos L,
|
||
Bennett JE,
|
||
DePiero AD,
|
||
Kwok MY,
|
||
Perry CS 3rd,
|
||
Olsen CS,
|
||
Casper TC,
|
||
Dean JM,
|
||
Glaser NS;
|
||
PECARN DKA FLUID Study Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2018 Jun 14;378(24):2275-2287.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716816.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29897851" target="_blank">29897851</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6051773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26798030">Subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Andrade-Castellanos CA,
|
||
Colunga-Lozano LE,
|
||
Delgado-Figueroa N,
|
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Gonzalez-Padilla DA</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
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2016 Jan 21;2016(1):CD011281.
|
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doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011281.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26798030" target="_blank">26798030</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8829395" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26095523">MELAS syndrome: Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El-Hattab AW,
|
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Adesina AM,
|
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Jones J,
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Scaglia F</span><br />
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2015 Sep-Oct;116(1-2):4-12.
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Epub 2015 Jun 15
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doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.004.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26095523" target="_blank">26095523</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7294047">Phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carter BL,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (734)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37024306">MELAS: Phenotype Classification into Classic-versus-Atypical Presentations.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alves CAPF,
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Zandifar A,
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Epub 2023 Apr 6
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|
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23392880">Taurine deficiency and MELAS are closely related syndromes.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schaffer SW,
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Jong CJ,
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Warner D,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18445356">Cognition and brain imaging in type 1 diabetes.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Musen G</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diab Rep</span>
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2008 Apr;8(2):132-7.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18445356" target="_blank">18445356</a></div>
|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15670718">White matter involvement in mitochondrial diseases.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lerman-Sagie T,
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Leshinsky-Silver E,
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Watemberg N,
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Luckman Y,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
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2005 Feb;84(2):127-36.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15670718" target="_blank">15670718</a></div>
|
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14736641">ESPE/LWPES consensus statement on diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dunger DB,
|
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Sperling MA,
|
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Acerini CL,
|
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Bohn DJ,
|
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Daneman D,
|
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Danne TP,
|
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Glaser NS,
|
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Hanas R,
|
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Hintz RL,
|
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Levitsky LL,
|
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Savage MO,
|
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Tasker RC,
|
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Wolfsdorf JI;
|
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LWPES</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dis Child</span>
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2004 Feb;89(2):188-94.
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doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.044875.
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|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (532)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39356511">Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure: A Review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Flythe JE,
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Watnick S</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
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2024 Nov 12;332(18):1559-1573.
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doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.16338.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39356511" target="_blank">39356511</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29897851">Clinical Trial of Fluid Infusion Rates for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kuppermann N,
|
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Ghetti S,
|
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Schunk JE,
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Stoner MJ,
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Rewers A,
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McManemy JK,
|
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Myers SR,
|
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Nigrovic LE,
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Garro A,
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Brown KM,
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Quayle KS,
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Trainor JL,
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Tzimenatos L,
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Bennett JE,
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DePiero AD,
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Kwok MY,
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Perry CS 3rd,
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Olsen CS,
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Casper TC,
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Dean JM,
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Glaser NS;
|
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PECARN DKA FLUID Study Group</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
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2018 Jun 14;378(24):2275-2287.
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doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716816.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29897851" target="_blank">29897851</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6051773" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26095523">MELAS syndrome: Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El-Hattab AW,
|
||
Adesina AM,
|
||
Jones J,
|
||
Scaglia F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
|
||
2015 Sep-Oct;116(1-2):4-12.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jun 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.06.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26095523" target="_blank">26095523</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23590576">Association between seizures and diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review of literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yun C,
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Xuefeng W</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diabetes Rev</span>
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2013 Jul;9(4):350-4.
|
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doi: 10.2174/15733998113099990060.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23590576" target="_blank">23590576</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23392880">Taurine deficiency and MELAS are closely related syndromes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schaffer SW,
|
||
Jong CJ,
|
||
Warner D,
|
||
Ito T,
|
||
Azuma J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
|
||
2013;776:153-65.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6093-0_16.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23392880" target="_blank">23392880</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (596)</a></div></div>
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31591056">High flow through nasal cannula in exacerbated COPD patients: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pisani L,
|
||
Astuto M,
|
||
Prediletto I,
|
||
Longhini F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pulmonology</span>
|
||
2019 Nov-Dec;25(6):348-354.
|
||
Epub 2019 Oct 5
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.08.001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31591056" target="_blank">31591056</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29218437">D-lactic acidosis in humans: systematic literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bianchetti DGAM,
|
||
Amelio GS,
|
||
Lava SAG,
|
||
Bianchetti MG,
|
||
Simonetti GD,
|
||
Agostoni C,
|
||
Fossali EF,
|
||
Milani GP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
|
||
2018 Apr;33(4):673-681.
|
||
Epub 2017 Dec 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00467-017-3844-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29218437" target="_blank">29218437</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27931088">SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Related Risk Factors in the Primary Literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burke KR,
|
||
Schumacher CA,
|
||
Harpe SE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
|
||
2017 Feb;37(2):187-194.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jan 16
|
||
doi: 10.1002/phar.1881.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27931088" target="_blank">27931088</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26798030">Subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analogues for diabetic ketoacidosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Andrade-Castellanos CA,
|
||
Colunga-Lozano LE,
|
||
Delgado-Figueroa N,
|
||
Gonzalez-Padilla DA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2016 Jan 21;2016(1):CD011281.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011281.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26798030" target="_blank">26798030</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8829395" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20033223">Hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis in congenital tubular disorders: a case series and a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">von Vigier RO,
|
||
Ortisi MT,
|
||
La Manna A,
|
||
Bianchetti MG,
|
||
Bettinelli A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
|
||
2010 May;25(5):861-6.
|
||
Epub 2009 Dec 22
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1388-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20033223" target="_blank">20033223</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Episodic%20metabolic%20acidosis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div></div>
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