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<meta name="keywords" content="C1843663, finding, sphincter disturbance, sphincter disturbances, urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction (Concept Id: C1843663)
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<!--
UID=334804
ConceptID=C1843663
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334804</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843663</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Sphincter disturbances</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002839">HP:0002839</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1843663[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=334804">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=334804" ref="ncbi_uid=334804">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869218" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the lower urinary tract">Abnormality of the lower urinary tract</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the bladder">Abnormality of the bladder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/812913" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Functional abnormality of the bladder">Functional abnormality of the bladder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9841"><div><strong>Azorean disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024408</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and variable findings including pyramidal signs, a dystonic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome, significant peripheral amyotrophy and generalized areflexia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, action-induced facial and lingual fasciculations, and bulging eyes. Neurologic findings tend to evolve as the disorder progresses.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9841">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_57667"><div><strong>Adrenoleukodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162309</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) involves the central or peripheral nervous system and the adrenal cortex. The nervous system and adrenal glands are involved independently; thus, an affected male may be diagnosed with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and/or primary adrenocortical insufficiency. CALD is characterized by progressive behavioral, cognitive, and neurologic deficits; onset of symptoms ranges from childhood (typically ages 4 to 8 years) to adolescence (ages 11 to 21 years) and adulthood. AMN is characterized by leg weakness, spasticity, clumsy gait, pain, and bladder and bowel dysfunction; onset is typically in the 20s and 30s. Onset of primary adrenocortical insufficiency ranges from age two years to adulthood (most commonly by age 7.5 years). Heterozygous females are not at increased risk to develop CALD, but are at increased risk to develop AMN and primary adrenocortical insufficiency with increasing age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57667">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155703"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155703</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and eventual deterioration of bulbar functions. Early in the disease, affected individuals may have gait disturbance, slurred speech, difficulty with balance, brisk deep tendon reflexes, hypermetric saccades, nystagmus, and mild dysphagia. Later signs include slowing of saccadic velocity, development of upgaze palsy, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and hypotonia. In advanced stages, muscle atrophy, decreased deep tendon reflexes, loss of proprioception, cognitive impairment (e.g., frontal executive dysfunction, impaired verbal memory), chorea, dystonia, and bulbar dysfunction are seen. Onset is typically in the third or fourth decade, although childhood onset and late-adult onset have been reported. Those with onset after age 60 years may manifest a pure cerebellar phenotype. Interval from onset to death varies from ten to 30 years; individuals with juvenile onset show more rapid progression and more severe disease. Anticipation is observed. An axonal sensory neuropathy detected by electrophysiologic testing is common; brain imaging typically shows cerebellar and brain stem atrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155703">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155704"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, including nystagmus, slow saccadic eye movements, and in some individuals, ophthalmoparesis or parkinsonism. Pyramidal findings are present; deep tendon reflexes are brisk early on and absent later in the course. Age of onset is typically in the fourth decade with a ten- to 15-year disease duration.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155704">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324965"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838192</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of hereditary spastic paraplegia which usually presents in late adolescence or early adulthood as a pure phenotype of lower limb spasticity with hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses, as well as mild bladder disturbances and pes cavus. Rarely, it can present as a complex phenotype with additional manifestations including epilepsy, variable peripheral neuropathy and/or memory impairment. Caused by mutations in the NIPA1 gene (15q11.2) encoding the magnesium transporter NIPA1.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336010"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia, ataxia, and intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336010</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843661</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336010">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375796"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375796</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846046</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegias (SPGs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the legs. Complicated SPGs are accompanied by additional neurologic symptoms such as cerebellar ataxia, sensory loss, mental retardation, nystagmus, and optic atrophy (summary by Steinmuller et al., 1997).&#13; A locus for spastic paraplegia-16 has been mapped to Xq11.2-q23 (Steinmuller et al., 1997).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of X-linked spastic paraplegia, see 303350.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375796">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339552"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339552</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846564</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) is characterized by insidiously progressive bilateral leg weakness and spasticity. Most affected individuals have decreased vibration sense and cerebellar signs. Onset is mostly in adulthood, although symptoms may start as early as age 11 years and as late as age 72 years. Additional features including ataxia (gait and limbs), spastic dysarthria, dysphagia, pale optic disks, ataxia, nystagmus, strabismus, ptosis, hearing loss, motor and sensory neuropathy, amyotrophy, scoliosis, pes cavus, and urinary sphincter disturbances may be observed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339552">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335494"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335494</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia with characteristics of a slowly progressive and relatively benign spastic paraplegia presenting in adulthood with spastic gait, lower limb hyperreflexia, extensor plantar responses, bladder dysfunction (urinary urgency and/or incontinence), and mild sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335494">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341387"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341387</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849128</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 15 (SPG15), typically an early-onset complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, is characterized by progressive spasticity that begins in the lower extremities and is associated with several manifestations resulting from central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction. While onset of spasticity is typically in mid- to late childhood or adolescence (i.e., between ages 5 and 18 years), other manifestations, such as developmental delay or learning disability, may be present earlier, often preceding motor involvement. Individuals with adult onset have also been reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341387">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344289"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854467</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare hereditary spastic paraplegia with characteristics of progressive spastic paraplegia with pyramidal signs in the lower limbs, decreased vibration sense, and increased reflexes in the upper limbs. Caused by heterozygous mutation in the HSPD1 on chromosome 2q33.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344289">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347618"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-12 (SPG12) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by lower limb spasticity and hyperreflexia, resulting in walking difficulties. Some patients may have urinary symptoms and distal sensory impairment. Age at onset ranges from childhood to adulthood (summary by Montenegro et al., 2012).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347618">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_388073"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>388073</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858479</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 11 (SPG11) is characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs frequently associated with the following: mild intellectual disability with learning difficulties in childhood and/or progressive cognitive decline; peripheral neuropathy; pseudobulbar involvement; and increased reflexes in the upper limbs. Less frequent findings include: cerebellar signs (ataxia, nystagmus, saccadic pursuit); retinal degeneration; pes cavus; scoliosis; and parkinsonism with characteristic brain MRI features that include thinning of the corpus callosum. Onset occurs mainly during infancy or adolescence (range: age 1-31 years) and in rare cases as late as age 60 years. Most affected individuals become wheelchair bound one or two decades after disease onset.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/388073">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349003"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349003</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858712</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-10 (SPG10) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder with variable manifestations. Some patients have onset of a 'pure' spastic paraplegia, with lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar responses, and variable involvement of the upper limbs beginning in childhood or young adulthood. Some patients show distal sensory impairment, which can be part of the 'pure' phenotype. However, some patients also show an axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy with distal sensory impairment and distal muscle atrophy reminiscent of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (see, e.g., CMT2A, 118210). Rarely, patients with KIF5A mutations may have additional neurologic features, including parkinsonism or cognitive decline, consistent with a 'complicated' phenotype. Spastic paraplegia and peripheral neuropathy in isolation may represent extreme ends of the phenotypic spectrum of KIF5A mutations (summary by Goizet et al., 2009 and Crimella et al., 2012).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349003">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400359"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400359</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1863704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8) is a slowly progressive pure spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs (i.e., pyramidal signs including hyperreflexia, spasticity, and occasionally clonus without other neurologic findings). Some affected individuals have urinary urgency that usually becomes apparent at the same time as the spasticity. Onset is between ages ten and 59 years. Affected individuals often become wheelchair dependent. While intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variability is high, SPG8 is typically more severe than other types of hereditary spastic paraplegia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400359">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_401097"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>401097</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1866855</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 4 (SPG4; also known as SPAST-HSP) is characterized by insidiously progressive bilateral lower-limb gait spasticity. More than 50% of affected individuals have some weakness in the legs and impaired vibration sense at the ankles. Sphincter disturbances are very common. Onset is insidious, mostly in young adulthood, although symptoms may start as early as age one year and as late as age 76 years. Intrafamilial variation is considerable.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/401097">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419393"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2931355</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A; also known as ATL1-HSP) is characterized by progressive bilateral and mostly symmetric spasticity and weakness of the legs. Compared to other forms of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), in which diminished vibration sense (caused by degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns) and urinary bladder hyperactivity are present in all affected individuals, these findings occur in a minority of individuals with SPG3A. The average age of onset is four years. More than 80% of reported individuals manifest spastic gait before the end of the first decade of life. Most persons with early-onset ATL1-HSP have a "pure" ("uncomplicated") HSP; however, complicated HSP with axonal motor neuropathy and/or distal amyotrophy with lower motor neuron involvement (Silver syndrome phenotype) has been observed. The rate of progression in ATL1-HSP is slow, and wheelchair dependency or need for a walking aid (cane, walker, or wheelchair) is relatively rare.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419393">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1710020"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 30</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1710020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5235139</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-30A (SPG30A) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of slowly progressive spastic paraplegia in the first or second decades of life. Affected individuals have unsteady spastic gait and hyperreflexia of the lower limbs. Most patients have a 'pure' form of the disorder, limited to spastic paraplegia, whereas some may have a 'complicated' form that includes mild cognitive dysfunction, learning disabilities, or behavioral abnormalities, peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, and urinary sphincter problems. The phenotypic features represent a spectrum of abnormalities of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system (summary by Pennings et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1710020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847422"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 72</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847422</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882669</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary spastic paraplegia-72A (SPG72A) is a pure form of spastic paraplegia with onset of difficulty walking and stiff legs associated with hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses in early childhood. The disorder is slowly progressive, and some patients develop the need for assistance in walking. Some patients may have pes cavus or sphincter disturbances. Cognition, speech, and ocular function are normal (summary by Esteves et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847422">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344289" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341387" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 15</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_375796" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 16</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335494" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 19</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37710012">The assessment and management of voiding dysfunction in adults living with cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Playfair M,
Elliott S,
Welk B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Urol</span>
2023 Nov;41(11):3317-3323.
Epub 2023 Sep 14
doi: 10.1007/s00345-023-04603-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37710012" target="_blank">37710012</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31452024">Diagnosis and treatment of urinary and sexual dysfunction in hereditary TTR amyloidosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bentellis I,
Amarenco G,
Gamé X,
Jericevic D,
El-Akri M,
Voiry C,
Freton L,
Hascoet J,
Alimi Q,
Kerdraon J,
Brucker BM,
Peyronnet B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Auton Res</span>
2019 Sep;29(Suppl 1):65-74.
Epub 2019 Aug 26
doi: 10.1007/s10286-019-00627-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31452024" target="_blank">31452024</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6763525" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sangsawang B,
Sangsawang N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urogynecol J</span>
2013 Jun;24(6):901-12.
Epub 2013 Feb 23
doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7.
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (161)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29752515">Epidemiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hamid R,
Averbeck MA,
Chiang H,
Garcia A,
Al Mousa RT,
Oh SJ,
Patel A,
Plata M,
Del Popolo G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Urol</span>
2018 Oct;36(10):1517-1527.
Epub 2018 May 11
doi: 10.1007/s00345-018-2301-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29752515" target="_blank">29752515</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29031841">Management of Postradical Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Radadia KD,
Farber NJ,
Shinder B,
Polotti CF,
Milas LJ,
Tunuguntla HSGR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urology</span>
2018 Mar;113:13-19.
Epub 2017 Oct 12
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.09.025.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29031841" target="_blank">29031841</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29072046">Diagnosis and clinical evaluation of neurogenic bladder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amarenco G,
Sheikh Ismaël S,
Chesnel C,
Charlanes A,
LE Breton F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Phys Rehabil Med</span>
2017 Dec;53(6):975-980.
Epub 2017 Oct 25
doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04992-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29072046" target="_blank">29072046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9705554">Long-term results of augmentation cystoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Venn SN,
Mundy AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Urol</span>
1998;34 Suppl 1:40-2.
doi: 10.1159/000052275.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9705554" target="_blank">9705554</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7443288">Lumbo-sacral spinal cord injuries.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jesel M,
Deviller J,
Ottinger R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paraplegia</span>
1980 Dec;18(6):351-7.
doi: 10.1038/sc.1980.63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7443288" target="_blank">7443288</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (843)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29072046">Diagnosis and clinical evaluation of neurogenic bladder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amarenco G,
Sheikh Ismaël S,
Chesnel C,
Charlanes A,
LE Breton F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Phys Rehabil Med</span>
2017 Dec;53(6):975-980.
Epub 2017 Oct 25
doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04992-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29072046" target="_blank">29072046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22872500">Evaluation and management of outlet obstruction in women without anatomical abnormalities on physical exam or cystoscopy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hickling D,
Aponte M,
Nitti V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2012 Oct;13(5):356-62.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-012-0267-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22872500" target="_blank">22872500</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17169006">Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Castro-Diaz D,
Taracena Lafuente JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Clin Pract Suppl</span>
2006 Dec;(151):17-21.
doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01183.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17169006" target="_blank">17169006</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9122753">Spine update. Urological management in patients with spinal cord injuries.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nygaard IE,
Kreder KJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</span>
1996 Jan 1;21(1):128-32.
doi: 10.1097/00007632-199601010-00028.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9122753" target="_blank">9122753</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7218456">Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blaivas JG,
Sinha HP,
Zayed AA,
Labib KB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1981 Apr;125(4):542-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55099-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7218456" target="_blank">7218456</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (603)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31526791">Can postpartum pelvic floor muscle training reduce urinary and anal incontinence?: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sigurdardottir T,
Steingrimsdottir T,
Geirsson RT,
Halldorsson TI,
Aspelund T,
Bø K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2020 Mar;222(3):247.e1-247.e8.
Epub 2019 Sep 14
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31526791" target="_blank">31526791</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23436035">Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sangsawang B,
Sangsawang N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Urogynecol J</span>
2013 Jun;24(6):901-12.
Epub 2013 Feb 23
doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23436035" target="_blank">23436035</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3671107" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11590816">Prevention and management of incontinence following radical prostatectomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carlson KV,
Nitti VW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urol Clin North Am</span>
2001 Aug;28(3):595-612.
doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70165-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11590816" target="_blank">11590816</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8701558">Postprostatectomy incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haab F,
Yamaguchi R,
Leach GE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urol Clin North Am</span>
1996 Aug;23(3):447-57.
doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70324-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8701558" target="_blank">8701558</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/458950">Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McGuire EJ,
Brady S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1979 Jun;121(6):774-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56987-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/458950" target="_blank">458950</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (499)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25510682">Pelvic floor dysfunction, and effects of pregnancy and mode of delivery on pelvic floor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bozkurt M,
Yumru AE,
Şahin L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2014 Dec;53(4):452-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25510682" target="_blank">25510682</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15339776">Stress urinary incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nygaard IE,
Heit M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obstet Gynecol</span>
2004 Sep;104(3):607-20.
doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000137874.84862.94.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15339776" target="_blank">15339776</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11590816">Prevention and management of incontinence following radical prostatectomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carlson KV,
Nitti VW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urol Clin North Am</span>
2001 Aug;28(3):595-612.
doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70165-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11590816" target="_blank">11590816</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10459465">Neurogenic bladder dysfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Madersbacher HG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Urol</span>
1999 Jul;9(4):303-7.
doi: 10.1097/00042307-199907000-00005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10459465" target="_blank">10459465</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9705554">Long-term results of augmentation cystoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Venn SN,
Mundy AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Urol</span>
1998;34 Suppl 1:40-2.
doi: 10.1159/000052275.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9705554" target="_blank">9705554</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (445)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31526791">Can postpartum pelvic floor muscle training reduce urinary and anal incontinence?: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sigurdardottir T,
Steingrimsdottir T,
Geirsson RT,
Halldorsson TI,
Aspelund T,
Bø K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2020 Mar;222(3):247.e1-247.e8.
Epub 2019 Sep 14
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31526791" target="_blank">31526791</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31452024">Diagnosis and treatment of urinary and sexual dysfunction in hereditary TTR amyloidosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bentellis I,
Amarenco G,
Gamé X,
Jericevic D,
El-Akri M,
Voiry C,
Freton L,
Hascoet J,
Alimi Q,
Kerdraon J,
Brucker BM,
Peyronnet B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Auton Res</span>
2019 Sep;29(Suppl 1):65-74.
Epub 2019 Aug 26
doi: 10.1007/s10286-019-00627-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31452024" target="_blank">31452024</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6763525" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25510682">Pelvic floor dysfunction, and effects of pregnancy and mode of delivery on pelvic floor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bozkurt M,
Yumru AE,
Şahin L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2014 Dec;53(4):452-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25510682" target="_blank">25510682</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15339776">Stress urinary incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nygaard IE,
Heit M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obstet Gynecol</span>
2004 Sep;104(3):607-20.
doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000137874.84862.94.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15339776" target="_blank">15339776</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3312639">An appliance-free, sphincter-controlled bladder substitute: the urethral Kock pouch.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ghoneim MA,
Kock NG,
Lycke G,
el-Din AB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1987 Nov;138(5):1150-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)43531-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3312639" target="_blank">3312639</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (440)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31541980">Transcranial magnetic stimulation and bladder function: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nardone R,
Versace V,
Sebastianelli L,
Brigo F,
Golaszewski S,
Christova M,
Saltuari L,
Trinka E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neurophysiol</span>
2019 Nov;130(11):2032-2037.
Epub 2019 Sep 3
doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31541980" target="_blank">31541980</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30311659">Evaluation and treatment of female stress urinary incontinence after pelvic radiotherapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dobberfuhl AD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurourol Urodyn</span>
2019 Aug;38 Suppl 4:S59-S69.
Epub 2018 Oct 12
doi: 10.1002/nau.23839.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30311659" target="_blank">30311659</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27385133">The functional results of radical rectal cancer surgery: review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dulskas A,
Miliauskas P,
Tikuisis R,
Escalante R,
Samalavicius NE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Chir Belg</span>
2016 Feb;116(1):1-10.
doi: 10.1080/00015458.2015.1136482.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27385133" target="_blank">27385133</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24859260">Surgical management of functional bladder outlet obstruction in adults with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Utomo E,
Groen J,
Blok BF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2014 May 24;2014(5):CD004927.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004927.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24859260" target="_blank">24859260</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11162557" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23119003">Upper and lower urinary tract outcomes in adult myelomeningocele patients: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veenboer PW,
Bosch JL,
van Asbeck FW,
de Kort LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2012;7(10):e48399.
Epub 2012 Oct 31
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23119003" target="_blank">23119003</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3485227" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary%20bladder%20sphincter%20dysfunction%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (23)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1843663%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
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