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<meta name="keywords" content="C0917801, delayed sleep phase disorder, susceptibility to, delayed sleep phase syndrome, susceptibility to, difficulty staying or falling asleep, dspd, dsps, fragmented sleep, insomnia, insomnia (disease), insomnia disorder, insomnia disorders, insomnias, sign or symptom, sleeplessness, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=214589
ConceptID=C0917801
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Insomnia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>214589</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0917801</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Insomnia Disorder; Insomnia Disorders; Insomnias; Sleeplessness</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Sleeplessness (193462001); Insomnia (193462001)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100785">HP:0100785</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013600" target="_blank">MONDO:0013600</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0917801[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=214589">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=214589" ref="ncbi_uid=214589">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Insomnia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of mental function">Abnormality of mental function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52372" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep abnormality">Sleep abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Insomnia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/736089" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Behavioral insomnia of childhood">Behavioral insomnia of childhood</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155525" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chronic insomnia">Chronic insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/234171" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Conditioned Insomnia">Conditioned Insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163426" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Exacerbated Insomnia">Exacerbated Insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/104768" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fatal familial insomnia">Fatal familial insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/167820" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Insomnia due to Organic Factor">Insomnia due to Organic Factor</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140745" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Maintenance insomnia">Maintenance insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853275" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-restorative sleep">Non-restorative sleep</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/91143" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nonorganic insomnia">Nonorganic insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18633" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary insomnia">Primary insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98288" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sleep onset insomnia">Sleep onset insomnia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107755" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Terminal insomnia">Terminal insomnia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_42426"><div><strong>Wilson disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Wilson disease is a disorder of copper metabolism that, when untreated, can present with hepatic, neurologic, or psychiatric disturbances or a combination of these in individuals ages three years to older than 70 years. Manifestations in untreated individuals vary among and within families. Liver disease can include recurrent jaundice, simple acute self-limited hepatitis-like illness, autoimmune-type hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure, or chronic liver disease. Neurologic presentations can include dysarthria, movement disorders (tremors, involuntary movements, chorea, choreoathetosis), dystonia (mask-like facies, rigidity, gait disturbance, pseudobulbar involvement), dysautonomia, seizures, sleep disorders, or insomnia. Psychiatric disturbances can include depression, bipolar disorder / bipolar spectrum disorder, neurotic behaviors, personality changes, or psychosis. Other multisystem involvement can include the eye (Kayser-Fleischer rings), hemolytic anemia, the kidneys, the endocrine glands, and the heart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42426">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_57931"><div><strong>Hereditary coproporphyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57931</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162531</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is an acute (hepatic) porphyria in which the acute symptoms are neurovisceral and occur in discrete episodes. Attacks typically start in the abdomen with low-grade pain that slowly increases over a period of days (not hours) with nausea progressing to vomiting. In some individuals, the pain is predominantly in the back or extremities. When an acute attack is untreated, a motor neuropathy may develop over a period of days or a few weeks. The neuropathy first appears as weakness proximally in the arms and legs, then progresses distally to involve the hands and feet. Some individuals experience respiratory insufficiency due to loss of innervation of the diaphragm and muscles of respiration. Acute attacks are associated commonly with use of certain medications, caloric deprivation, and changes in female reproductive hormones. About 20% of those with an acute attack also experience photosensitivity associated with bullae and skin fragility.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57931">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_104768"><div><strong>Fatal familial insomnia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104768</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0206042</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Genetic prion disease generally manifests with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. The three major phenotypes of genetic prion disease are genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Although these phenotypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset typically ranges from 50 to 60 years. The disease course ranges from a few months in gCJD and FFI to a few (up to 4, and in rare cases up to 10) years in GSS syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104768">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_224702"><div><strong>Progeroid short stature with pigmented nevi</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>224702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1261128</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mulvihill-Smith syndrome is characterized by premature aging, multiple pigmented nevi, lack of facial subcutaneous fat, microcephaly, short stature, sensorineural hearing loss, and mental retardation. Immunodeficiency may also be a feature. Adult manifestations include the development of tumors, a sleep disorder with severe insomnia, and cognitive decline (summary by Yagihashi et al., 2009).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/224702">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357007"><div><strong>Perry syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357007</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1868594</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of DCTN1-related neurodegeneration includes Perry syndrome, distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 7B (dHMN7B), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), motor neuron disease / amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and progressive supranuclear palsy. Some individuals present with overlapping phenotypes (e.g., FTD-ALS, Perry syndrome-dHMN7B). Perry syndrome (the most common of the phenotypes associated with DCTN1) is characterized by parkinsonism, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hypoventilation, and weight loss. The mean age of onset in those with Perry syndrome is 49 years (range: 35-70 years), and the mean disease duration is five years (range: 2-14 years). In most affected persons, the reported cause/circumstance of death relates to sudden death/hypoventilation or suicide.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357007">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_360293"><div><strong>Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>360293</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1876177</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurologic sleep/wake disorder characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs that appear at rest, usually at night, inducing an irresistible desire to move the legs. The disorder results in nocturnal insomnia and chronic sleep deprivation (Bonati et al., 2003).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Restless Legs Syndrome&#13; RLS1 has been mapped to chromosome 12q. Other susceptibility loci for RLS include RLS2 (608831) on chromosome 14q13-q31; RLS3 (610438) on chromosome 9p24-p22; RLS4 (610439) on chromosome 2q33; RLS5 (611242) on chromosome 20p13; RLS6 (611185) on chromosome 6p21; RLS7 (612853) on chromosome 2p14; and RLS8 (615197) on chromosome 5q31.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/360293">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761667"><div><strong>Myoclonus, familial, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3539916</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial myoclonus-1 (MYOCL1) is an autosomal dominant neurologic condition characterized by adult onset of cortical myoclonus manifest as involuntary jerks or movements affecting the face and limbs. Affected individuals can also experience falls without seizure activity or loss of consciousness (summary by Russell et al., 2012).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Myoclonus&#13; Also see MYOCL2 (618364), caused by mutation in the SCN8A gene (600702) on chromosome 12q13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761667">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903767"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant intellectual disability-craniofacial anomalies-cardiac defects syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225396</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Arboleda-Tham syndrome (ARTHS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with the core features of impaired intellectual development, speech delay, microcephaly, cardiac anomalies, and gastrointestinal complications (summary by Kennedy et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903767">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648409"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 48</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648409</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748158</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-48 (SCA48) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of gait ataxia and/or cognitive-affective symptoms in midadulthood. Patients may present with involvement of either system, but most eventually develop impairment in both. Features include gait ataxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia, as well as cognitive decline, deficits in executive function, and psychiatric or affective manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, and apathy. Additional more variable features may include movement abnormalities, such as parkinsonism, tremor, chorea, dystonia, and dysmetria; spasticity is not observed. Brain imaging shows selective atrophy of the posterior areas of the cerebellar vermis, often with bilateral T2-weighted hyperintensities in the dentate nuclei (the 'crab sign'), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may show paucity of cerebellar connections to the brainstem and cerebrum. The presentation is consistent with a clinical diagnosis of cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS). The phenotype shows both inter- and intrafamilial variability as well as some clinical overlap with SCAR16, suggesting that mutations in the STUB1 gene result in a spectrum of neurodegenerative manifestations (summary by Genis et al., 2018; Cocozza et al., 2020; Palvadeau et al., 2020; Ravel et al., 2021).&#13; Magri et al. (2022) found evidence that heterozygous STUB1 variants alone do not cause disease but require a concurrent expanded repeat allele of the TBP gene (600075) for disease manifestation; see MOLECULAR GENETICS.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648409">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1709627"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iit</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1709627</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIt (CDG2t) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, poor overall growth, severely impaired intellectual development with absent language, and behavioral abnormalities. Most patients develop early-onset seizures; brain imaging tends to show white matter abnormalities. Variable dysmorphic features, including long face, almond-shaped eyes, protruding maxilla, and short philtrum, are also present. The disorder, which is associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol, results from defective posttranslational O-linked glycosylation of certain plasma lipids and proteins (summary by Zilmer et al., 2020).&#13; For an overview of congenital disorders of glycosylation, see CDG1A (212065) and CDG2A (212066).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1709627">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1727046"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder with paroxysmal dyskinesia or seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1727046</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436894</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual developmental disorder with paroxysmal dyskinesia or seizures (IDDPADS) is an autosomal recessive complex neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and language delay. In addition, most patients develop a paroxysmal hyperkinetic movement disorder in the first months or years of life manifest as sudden falls or backward propulsion, eye or head deviation, and dystonic limb posturing followed by chorea and dyskinetic movements. The episodes are pharmacoresistant to anticonvulsant medication. EEG may show interictal abnormalities, but are usually not consistent with epilepsy. However, some patients may also develop epileptic seizures or only have seizures without a movement disorder (summary by Doummar et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1727046">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1848439"><div><strong>Cranial dysinnervation disorder, congenital, with absent corneal reflex and developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1848439</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882675</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder with absent corneal reflex and developmental delay (CCDDRD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal development of the proximal cranial sensory ganglia and nerves, mainly CN V (trigeminal nerve) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve). Affected individuals present at birth or in early infancy with corneal opacities due to absent blinking. Most patients also have sensorineural deafness associated with hypoplastic or malformed cochlea and hypoplasia or agenesis of CN VIII. Developmental delay with poor speech and autistic behavior are also present. Additional features may include expressionless face, feeding or chewing difficulties due to oromotor dysfunction, and dysmorphic facial features (Dupont et al., 2021; Sheth et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1848439">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant intellectual disability-craniofacial anomalies-cardiac defects syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1709627" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iit</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1848439" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cranial dysinnervation disorder, congenital, with absent corneal reflex and developmental delay</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_104768" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fatal familial insomnia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_57931" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary coproporphyria</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (12)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1727046" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder with paroxysmal dyskinesia or seizures</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_761667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus, familial, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357007" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Perry syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_224702" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progeroid short stature with pigmented nevi</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_360293" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648409" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 48</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_42426" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wilson disease</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38016484">The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riemann D,
Espie CA,
Altena E,
Arnardottir ES,
Baglioni C,
Bassetti CLA,
Bastien C,
Berzina N,
Bjorvatn B,
Dikeos D,
Dolenc Groselj L,
Ellis JG,
Garcia-Borreguero D,
Geoffroy PA,
Gjerstad M,
Gonçalves M,
Hertenstein E,
Hoedlmoser K,
Hion T,
Holzinger B,
Janku K,
Jansson-Fröjmark M,
Järnefelt H,
Jernelöv S,
Jennum PJ,
Khachatryan S,
Krone L,
Kyle SD,
Lancee J,
Leger D,
Lupusor A,
Marques DR,
Nissen C,
Palagini L,
Paunio T,
Perogamvros L,
Pevernagie D,
Schabus M,
Shochat T,
Szentkiralyi A,
Van Someren E,
van Straten A,
Wichniak A,
Verbraecken J,
Spiegelhalder K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Sleep Res</span>
2023 Dec;32(6):e14035.
doi: 10.1111/jsr.14035.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38016484" target="_blank">38016484</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37549414">Insomnia Management: A Review and Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shaha DP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fam Pract</span>
2023 Jul;72(6 Suppl):S31-S36.
doi: 10.12788/jfp.0620.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37549414" target="_blank">37549414</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26316239">Menopausal Symptoms and Their Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Santoro N,
Epperson CN,
Mathews SB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am</span>
2015 Sep;44(3):497-515.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26316239" target="_blank">26316239</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4890704" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22insomnia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2262)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37549414">Insomnia Management: A Review and Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shaha DP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fam Pract</span>
2023 Jul;72(6 Suppl):S31-S36.
doi: 10.12788/jfp.0620.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37549414" target="_blank">37549414</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35659072">Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morin CM,
Jarrin DC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2022 Jun;17(2):173-191.
Epub 2022 Apr 23
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35659072" target="_blank">35659072</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35506356">Sleep, insomnia and mental health.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palagini L,
Hertenstein E,
Riemann D,
Nissen C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Sleep Res</span>
2022 Aug;31(4):e13628.
Epub 2022 May 4
doi: 10.1111/jsr.13628.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35506356" target="_blank">35506356</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33683929">Insomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sutton EL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Intern Med</span>
2021 Mar;174(3):ITC33-ITC48.
Epub 2021 Mar 9
doi: 10.7326/AITC202103160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33683929" target="_blank">33683929</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29852897">Insomnia in the Elderly: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel D,
Steinberg J,
Patel P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Sleep Med</span>
2018 Jun 15;14(6):1017-1024.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29852897" target="_blank">29852897</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5991956" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13174)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37549414">Insomnia Management: A Review and Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shaha DP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fam Pract</span>
2023 Jul;72(6 Suppl):S31-S36.
doi: 10.12788/jfp.0620.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37549414" target="_blank">37549414</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35659076">Insomnia in the Older Adult.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brewster GS,
Riegel B,
Gehrman PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2022 Jun;17(2):233-239.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35659076" target="_blank">35659076</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33683929">Insomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sutton EL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Intern Med</span>
2021 Mar;174(3):ITC33-ITC48.
Epub 2021 Mar 9
doi: 10.7326/AITC202103160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33683929" target="_blank">33683929</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32790576">Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Someren EJW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiol Rev</span>
2021 Jul 1;101(3):995-1046.
Epub 2020 Aug 13
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32790576" target="_blank">32790576</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29852897">Insomnia in the Elderly: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patel D,
Steinberg J,
Patel P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Sleep Med</span>
2018 Jun 15;14(6):1017-1024.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7172.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29852897" target="_blank">29852897</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5991956" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7762)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34607184">Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scott AJ,
Webb TL,
Martyn-St James M,
Rowse G,
Weich S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2021 Dec;60:101556.
Epub 2021 Sep 23
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34607184" target="_blank">34607184</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8651630" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34049475">Efficacy of Acupuncture for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim SA,
Lee SH,
Kim JH,
van den Noort M,
Bosch P,
Won T,
Yeo S,
Lim S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Chin Med</span>
2021;49(5):1135-1150.
Epub 2021 May 27
doi: 10.1142/S0192415X21500543.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34049475" target="_blank">34049475</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32762971">Telemedicine and the Management of Insomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hsieh C,
Rezayat T,
Zeidler MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Clin</span>
2020 Sep;15(3):383-390.
Epub 2020 Jul 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.05.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32762971" target="_blank">32762971</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27751669">Review of Safety and Efficacy of Sleep Medicines in Older Adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schroeck JL,
Ford J,
Conway EL,
Kurtzhalts KE,
Gee ME,
Vollmer KA,
Mergenhagen KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Ther</span>
2016 Nov;38(11):2340-2372.
Epub 2016 Oct 15
doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.09.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27751669" target="_blank">27751669</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22972087">Acupuncture for insomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cheuk DK,
Yeung WF,
Chung KF,
Wong V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2012 Sep 12;2012(9):CD005472.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005472.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22972087" target="_blank">22972087</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11262418" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10767)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37433427">Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls Among Older People in Nursing Homes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shao L,
Shi Y,
Xie XY,
Wang Z,
Wang ZA,
Zhang JE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2023 Nov;24(11):1708-1717.
Epub 2023 Jul 8
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37433427" target="_blank">37433427</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31848595">Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385292 UK biobank participants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fan M,
Sun D,
Zhou T,
Heianza Y,
Lv J,
Li L,
Qi L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2020 Mar 14;41(11):1182-1189.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz849.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31848595" target="_blank">31848595</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7071844" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31739180">Incidence and prevalence of post-stroke insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baylan S,
Griffiths S,
Grant N,
Broomfield NM,
Evans JJ,
Gardani M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2020 Feb;49:101222.
Epub 2019 Oct 28
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101222.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31739180" target="_blank">31739180</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29679598">Sleep in Women Across the Life Span.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pengo MF,
Won CH,
Bourjeily G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Chest</span>
2018 Jul;154(1):196-206.
Epub 2018 Apr 19
doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29679598" target="_blank">29679598</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6045782" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24695508">Common sleep disorders in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carter KA,
Hathaway NE,
Lettieri CF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2014 Mar 1;89(5):368-77.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24695508" target="_blank">24695508</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4471)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36173208">The effect of diet and exercise on climacteric symptomatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hao S,
Tan S,
Li J,
Li W,
Li J,
Liu Y,
Hong Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asia Pac J Clin Nutr</span>
2022;31(3):362-370.
doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202209_31(3).0004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36173208" target="_blank">36173208</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35797047">Effect of Electroacupuncture on Insomnia in Patients With Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yin X,
Li W,
Liang T,
Lu B,
Yue H,
Li S,
Zhong VW,
Zhang W,
Li X,
Zhou S,
Mi Y,
Wu H,
Xu S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2220563.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20563.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35797047" target="_blank">35797047</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9264041" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35317665">Acupuncture for insomnia after ischemic stroke: an assessor-participant blinded, randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cao Y,
Yan YJ,
Xu JY,
Liwayiding A,
Liu YP,
Yin X,
Lao LX,
Zhang ZJ,
Xu SF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acupunct Med</span>
2022 Oct;40(5):443-452.
Epub 2022 Mar 22
doi: 10.1177/09645284221077106.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35317665" target="_blank">35317665</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33957167">Neurocognitive effects of melatonin treatment in healthy adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sumsuzzman DM,
Choi J,
Jin Y,
Hong Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
2021 Aug;127:459-473.
Epub 2021 May 3
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33957167" target="_blank">33957167</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21532953">The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morin CM,
Belleville G,
Bélanger L,
Ivers H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep</span>
2011 May 1;34(5):601-8.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/34.5.601.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21532953" target="_blank">21532953</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3079939" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9291)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36701954">Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yue JL,
Chang XW,
Zheng JW,
Shi L,
Xiang YJ,
Que JY,
Yuan K,
Deng JH,
Teng T,
Li YY,
Sun W,
Sun HQ,
Vitiello MV,
Tang XD,
Zhou XY,
Bao YP,
Shi J,
Lu L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2023 Apr;68:101746.
Epub 2023 Jan 14
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101746.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36701954" target="_blank">36701954</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36179487">Efficacy of melatonin for chronic insomnia: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choi K,
Lee YJ,
Park S,
Je NK,
Suh HS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2022 Dec;66:101692.
Epub 2022 Sep 13
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101692.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36179487" target="_blank">36179487</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34922108">A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gardani M,
Bradford DRR,
Russell K,
Allan S,
Beattie L,
Ellis JG,
Akram U</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sleep Med Rev</span>
2022 Feb;61:101565.
Epub 2021 Nov 2
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101565.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34922108" target="_blank">34922108</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33211984">Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nadeem IM,
Shanmugaraj A,
Sakha S,
Horner NS,
Ayeni OR,
Khan M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sports Health</span>
2021 May-Jun;13(3):265-277.
Epub 2020 Nov 19
doi: 10.1177/1941738120949181.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33211984" target="_blank">33211984</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8083152" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23423416">Insomnia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buysse DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2013 Feb 20;309(7):706-16.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.193.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23423416" target="_blank">23423416</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3632369" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insomnia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1065)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0917801%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0917801%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (1)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Insomnia" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22insomnia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Insomnia%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Insomnia" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Insomnia" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Insomnia%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=214589" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
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