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<meta name="keywords" content="C0001925, albuminuria, albuminurias, finding, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Increased concentration of albumin in the urine." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=1394
ConceptID=C0001925
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Albuminuria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1394</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001925</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Albuminurias</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Albuminuria (274769005)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012592">HP:0012592</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Increased concentration of albumin in the urine. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Albuminuria</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system physiology">Abnormality of the urinary system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871178" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of urine homeostasis">Abnormality of urine homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine metabolite level">Abnormal urine metabolite level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1694967" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine protein level">Abnormal urine protein level</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Albuminuria</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1759814" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mild albuminuria">Mild albuminuria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/896933" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Moderate albuminuria">Moderate albuminuria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1726965" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Severe albuminuria">Severe albuminuria</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82777"><div><strong>Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82777</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268151</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term "galactosemia" refers to disorders of galactose metabolism that include classic galactosemia, clinical variant galactosemia, and biochemical variant galactosemia (not covered in this chapter). This GeneReview focuses on: Classic galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage, bleeding, and E coli sepsis in untreated infants. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the neonatal signs usually quickly resolve and the complications of liver failure, sepsis, and neonatal death are prevented; however, despite adequate treatment from an early age, children with classic galactosemia remain at increased risk for developmental delays, speech problems (termed childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria), and abnormalities of motor function. Almost all females with classic galactosemia manifest hypergonadatropic hypogonadism or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Clinical variant galactosemia, which can result in life-threatening complications including feeding problems, failure to thrive, hepatocellular damage including cirrhosis, and bleeding in untreated infants. This is exemplified by the disease that occurs in African Americans and native Africans in South Africa. Persons with clinical variant galactosemia may be missed with newborn screening as the hypergalactosemia is not as marked as in classic galactosemia and breath testing is normal. If a lactose-restricted diet is provided during the first ten days of life, the severe acute neonatal complications are usually prevented. African Americans with clinical variant galactosemia and adequate early treatment do not appear to be at risk for long-term complications, including POI.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82777">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354526"><div><strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1720860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution beginning in late childhood or early adult life. Affected individuals gradually lose fat from the upper and lower extremities and the gluteal and truncal regions, resulting in a muscular appearance with prominent superficial veins. In some patients, adipose tissue accumulates on the face and neck, causing a double chin, fat neck, or cushingoid appearance. Metabolic abnormalities include insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus with acanthosis nigricans and hypertriglyceridemia; hirsutism and menstrual abnormalities occur infrequently. Familial partial lipodystrophy may also be referred to as lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus, but the essential feature is loss of subcutaneous fat (review by Garg, 2004).&#13; The disorder may be misdiagnosed as Cushing disease (see 219080) (Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986; Garg, 2004).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Partial Lipodystrophy&#13; Familial partial lipodystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Types 1 and 2 were originally described as clinical subtypes: type 1 (FPLD1; 608600), characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat confined to the limbs (Kobberling et al., 1975), and FPLD2, characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the limbs and trunk (Dunnigan et al., 1974; Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986). No genetic basis for FPLD1 has yet been delineated. FPLD3 (604367) is caused by mutation in the PPARG gene (601487) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD4 (613877) is caused by mutation in the PLIN1 gene (170290) on chromosome 15q26; FPLD5 (615238) is caused by mutation in the CIDEC gene (612120) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD6 (615980) is caused by mutation in the LIPE gene (151750) on chromosome 19q13; FPLD7 (606721) is caused by mutation in the CAV1 gene (601047) on chromosome 7q31; FPLD8 (620679), caused by mutation in the ADRA2A gene (104210) on chromosome 10q25; and FPLD9 (620683), caused by mutation in the PLAAT3 gene (613867) on chromosome 11q12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648474"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648474</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4721541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild. While individual phenotypes (e.g., Zellweger syndrome [ZS], neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy [NALD], and infantile Refsum disease [IRD]) were described in the past before the biochemical and molecular bases of this spectrum were fully determined, the term "ZSD" is now used to refer to all individuals with a defect in one of the ZSD-PEX genes regardless of phenotype. Individuals with ZSD usually come to clinical attention in the newborn period or later in childhood. Affected newborns are hypotonic and feed poorly. They have distinctive facies, congenital malformations (neuronal migration defects associated with neonatal-onset seizures, renal cysts, and bony stippling [chondrodysplasia punctata] of the patella[e] and the long bones), and liver disease that can be severe. Infants with severe ZSD are significantly impaired and typically die during the first year of life, usually having made no developmental progress. Individuals with intermediate/milder ZSD do not have congenital malformations, but rather progressive peroxisome dysfunction variably manifest as sensory loss (secondary to retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss), neurologic involvement (ataxia, polyneuropathy, and leukodystrophy), liver dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and renal oxalate stones. While hypotonia and developmental delays are typical, intellect can be normal. Some have osteopenia; almost all have ameleogenesis imperfecta in the secondary teeth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648474">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1714078"><div><strong>Proteinuria, chronic benign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1714078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394384</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic benign proteinuria (PROCHOB) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by onset of isolated proteinuria in the first decade of life. The proteinuria is nonprogressive; affected individuals do not develop renal disease or impaired kidney function, and they do not have additional associated abnormalities, such as hypertension. The correct diagnosis is important to avoid inefficient or invasive intervention, such as medication or renal biopsy (summary by Bedin et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1714078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1848447"><div><strong>Alport syndrome 3b, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1848447</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alport syndrome is characterized by kidney manifestations, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and ocular manifestations. In the absence of treatment, kidney disease progresses from microhematuria to proteinuria, progressive kidney insufficiency, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in most males with X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS), and in most males and females with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome (ARAS). Progressive SNHL is usually present by late childhood or early adolescence. Ocular findings include anterior lenticonus (which is virtually pathognomonic), maculopathy (whitish or yellowish flecks or granulations in the perimacular region), corneal endothelial vesicles (posterior polymorphous dystrophy), and recurrent corneal erosion. In females with XLAS and individuals with autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS), ESKD is frequently delayed until later adulthood, SNHL is relatively late in onset, and ocular involvement is rare.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1848447">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1848447" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alport syndrome 3b, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82777" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_354526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648474" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1714078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteinuria, chronic benign</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37355779">Hypertension in chronic kidney disease-treatment standard 2023.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Georgianos PI,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2023 Nov 30;38(12):2694-2703.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad118.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37355779" target="_blank">37355779</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10689140" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34307650">Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Samsu N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biomed Res Int</span>
2021;2021:1497449.
Epub 2021 Jul 8
doi: 10.1155/2021/1497449.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34307650" target="_blank">34307650</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8285185" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31573641">Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen TK,
Knicely DH,
Grams ME</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2019 Oct 1;322(13):1294-1304.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.14745.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31573641" target="_blank">31573641</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7015670" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22albuminuria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (522)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38214258">Albuminuria: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barzilay JI,
Farag YMK,
Durthaler J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Heart Assoc</span>
2024 Jan 16;13(2):e030131.
Epub 2024 Jan 12
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030131.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38214258" target="_blank">38214258</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10926810" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36653095">Albuminuria and Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khan MS,
Shahid I,
Anker SD,
Fonarow GC,
Fudim M,
Hall ME,
Hernandez A,
Morris AA,
Shafi T,
Weir MR,
Zannad F,
Bakris GL,
Butler J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2023 Jan 24;81(3):270-282.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.028.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36653095" target="_blank">36653095</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17386876">Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bogojevic Z,
Bakris GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart Fail Clin</span>
2006 Jan;2(1):53-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2005.11.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17386876" target="_blank">17386876</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16938588">Microalbuminuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khosla N,
Sarafidis PA,
Bakris GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Lab Med</span>
2006 Sep;26(3):635-53, vi-vii.
doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2006.06.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16938588" target="_blank">16938588</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7804756">Microalbuminuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marre M,
Bouhanick B,
Berrut G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens</span>
1994 Sep;3(5):558-63.
doi: 10.1097/00041552-199409000-00015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7804756" target="_blank">7804756</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11651)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38214258">Albuminuria: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barzilay JI,
Farag YMK,
Durthaler J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Heart Assoc</span>
2024 Jan 16;13(2):e030131.
Epub 2024 Jan 12
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030131.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38214258" target="_blank">38214258</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10926810" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36477861">Prevention of cardiorenal damage: importance of albuminuria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruilope LM,
Ortiz A,
Lucia A,
Miranda B,
Alvarez-Llamas G,
Barderas MG,
Volpe M,
Ruiz-Hurtado G,
Pitt B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2023 Apr 1;44(13):1112-1123.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac683.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36477861" target="_blank">36477861</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32267079">An updated overview of diabetic nephropathy: Diagnosis, prognosis, treatment goals and latest guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Selby NM,
Taal MW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetes Obes Metab</span>
2020 Apr;22 Suppl 1:3-15.
doi: 10.1111/dom.14007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32267079" target="_blank">32267079</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20610968">Cardiorenal risk factors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wall BM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Sci</span>
2010 Jul;340(1):25-9.
doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181e59078.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20610968" target="_blank">20610968</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17386876">Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bogojevic Z,
Bakris GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart Fail Clin</span>
2006 Jan;2(1):53-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2005.11.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17386876" target="_blank">17386876</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6149)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35440501">Albuminuria-Lowering Effect of Dapagliflozin, Eplerenone, and Their Combination in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Provenzano M,
Puchades MJ,
Garofalo C,
Jongs N,
D'Marco L,
Andreucci M,
De Nicola L,
Gorriz JL,
Heerspink HJL;
ROTATE-3 study group;
ROTATE-3 study group members</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2022 Aug;33(8):1569-1580.
Epub 2022 Apr 19
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022020207.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35440501" target="_blank">35440501</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9342643" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31495651">SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Neuen BL,
Young T,
Heerspink HJL,
Neal B,
Perkovic V,
Billot L,
Mahaffey KW,
Charytan DM,
Wheeler DC,
Arnott C,
Bompoint S,
Levin A,
Jardine MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2019 Nov;7(11):845-854.
Epub 2019 Sep 5
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30256-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31495651" target="_blank">31495651</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31382965">Class effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kluger AY,
Tecson KM,
Lee AY,
Lerma EV,
Rangaswami J,
Lepor NE,
Cobble ME,
McCullough PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2019 Aug 5;18(1):99.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-019-0903-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31382965" target="_blank">31382965</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6683461" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27299675">Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wanner C,
Inzucchi SE,
Lachin JM,
Fitchett D,
von Eynatten M,
Mattheus M,
Johansen OE,
Woerle HJ,
Broedl UC,
Zinman B;
EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2016 Jul 28;375(4):323-34.
Epub 2016 Jun 14
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1515920.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27299675" target="_blank">27299675</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19443635">Albuminuria and kidney function independently predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in diabetes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ninomiya T,
Perkovic V,
de Galan BE,
Zoungas S,
Pillai A,
Jardine M,
Patel A,
Cass A,
Neal B,
Poulter N,
Mogensen CE,
Cooper M,
Marre M,
Williams B,
Hamet P,
Mancia G,
Woodward M,
Macmahon S,
Chalmers J;
ADVANCE Collaborative Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2009 Aug;20(8):1813-21.
Epub 2009 May 14
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008121270.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19443635" target="_blank">19443635</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2723977" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5831)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33434591">CKD Progression and Mortality Among Men and Women: A Nationwide Study in Sweden.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Swartling O,
Rydell H,
Stendahl M,
Segelmark M,
Trolle Lagerros Y,
Evans M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2021 Aug;78(2):190-199.e1.
Epub 2021 Jan 9
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.026.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33434591" target="_blank">33434591</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32868398">Modifiable Lifestyle Factors for Primary Prevention of CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kelly JT,
Su G,
Zhang L,
Qin X,
Marshall S,
González-Ortiz A,
Clase CM,
Campbell KL,
Xu H,
Carrero JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2021 Jan;32(1):239-253.
Epub 2020 Aug 31
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020030384.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32868398" target="_blank">32868398</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7894668" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32559474">Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on proteinuria in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (DIAMOND): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cherney DZI,
Dekkers CCJ,
Barbour SJ,
Cattran D,
Abdul Gafor AH,
Greasley PJ,
Laverman GD,
Lim SK,
Di Tanna GL,
Reich HN,
Vervloet MG,
Wong MG,
Gansevoort RT,
Heerspink HJL;
DIAMOND investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol</span>
2020 Jul;8(7):582-593.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30162-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32559474" target="_blank">32559474</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20483451">Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium,
Matsushita K,
van der Velde M,
Astor BC,
Woodward M,
Levey AS,
de Jong PE,
Coresh J,
Gansevoort RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2010 Jun 12;375(9731):2073-81.
Epub 2010 May 17
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60674-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20483451" target="_blank">20483451</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3993088" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17386876">Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bogojevic Z,
Bakris GL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart Fail Clin</span>
2006 Jan;2(1):53-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2005.11.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17386876" target="_blank">17386876</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5810)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34583929">Performance of prediction models for nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and external validation study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Slieker RC,
van der Heijden AAWA,
Siddiqui MK,
Langendoen-Gort M,
Nijpels G,
Herings R,
Feenstra TL,
Moons KGM,
Bell S,
Elders PJ,
't Hart LM,
Beulens JWJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2021 Sep 28;374:n2134.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2134.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34583929" target="_blank">34583929</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8477272" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32139245">Clinical update: The important role of dual kidney function testing (ACR and eGFR) in primary care: Identification of risk and management in type 2 diabetes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seidu S,
Barrat J,
Khunti K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Diabetes</span>
2020 Aug;14(4):370-375.
Epub 2020 Mar 2
doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.02.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32139245" target="_blank">32139245</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19728843">Glomerular filtration rate measurement and prediction equations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Soares AA,
Eyff TF,
Campani RB,
Ritter L,
Camargo JL,
Silveiro SP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chem Lab Med</span>
2009;47(9):1023-32.
doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2009.263.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19728843" target="_blank">19728843</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12963683">Silent myocardial ischemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohn PF,
Fox KM,
Daly C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2003 Sep 9;108(10):1263-77.
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000088001.59265.EE.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12963683" target="_blank">12963683</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12678217">Microalbuminuria: is it a valid predictor of cardiovascular risk?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tagle R,
Acevedo M,
Vidt DG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleve Clin J Med</span>
2003 Mar;70(3):255-61.
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.70.3.255.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12678217" target="_blank">12678217</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6611)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lane MM,
Gamage E,
Du S,
Ashtree DN,
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Baker P,
Lawrence M,
Rebholz CM,
Srour B,
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Jacka FN,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2024 Feb 28;384:e077310.
doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077310.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37917640">Treatment of diabetic kidney disease. A network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Büttner F,
Barbosa CV,
Lang H,
Tian Z,
Melk A,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2023;18(11):e0293183.
Epub 2023 Nov 2
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293183.
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Estepp JH,
Weiss MJ,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2023 Oct 2;6(10):e2337484.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37484.
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diabetes Rev</span>
2020;16(3):242-247.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30767747" target="_blank">30767747</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30697905">Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular, renal and safety outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toyama T,
Neuen BL,
Jun M,
Ohkuma T,
Neal B,
Jardine MJ,
Heerspink HL,
Wong MG,
Ninomiya T,
Wada T,
Perkovic V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetes Obes Metab</span>
2019 May;21(5):1237-1250.
Epub 2019 Mar 4
doi: 10.1111/dom.13648.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30697905" target="_blank">30697905</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Albuminuria%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (246)</a></div></div>
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