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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets [Internet]. Brentwood (TN): Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS); 1994-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/mtb/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-mtb-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK582652_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK582652_dtls__"><div>Brentwood (TN): <a href="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS)</a>; 1994-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/mtb/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK582652_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Codeína</span></h1><p class="small">Published online: April 2023.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="codeine-sp.codeine-sp_s_001"><div class="h2"></div><p>Esta hoja trata sobre la exposición a codeína en el embarazo y durante la lactancia. Esta información se basa en la literatura publicada disponible. No debe usarse como un sustituto de la atención médica o los consejos de su proveedor de atención de salud.</p><p>
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||
<b>
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||
<i>¿Qué es la codeína?</i>
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||
</b>
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||
</p><blockquote><p>La codeína es un medicamento que ha sido utilizado para tratar el dolor o la tos. Pertenece a un grupo de medicamentos llamados opioides. A veces, los opioides se denominan narcóticos. Algunos productos de codeína de uso común también contienen otros medicamentos, como el paracetamol (acetaminofén). Para obtener más información sobre el paracetamol, consulte la hoja informativa de MotherToBaby en <a href="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-acetaminofen/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-acetaminofen/</a>.</p><p>A veces, cuando las personas se enteran de que están embarazadas, piensan en cambiar la forma de tomar sus medicamentos o suspenderlos por completo. Sin embargo, es importante hablar con sus proveedores de atención de salud antes de hacer cualquier cambio en la forma en que toma su medicamento. Sus proveedores de atención de salud pueden hablar con usted sobre los beneficios de tratar su afección y los riesgos de enfermedad no tratada durante el embarazo.</p><p>Si ha estado tomando codeína con regularidad o tiene una dependencia (también llamado trastorno por consumo de opioides), no debe dejar de tomar su medicamento repentinamente (también llamado "de golpe"). Dejar de tomar un medicamento opioide de repente podría hacer que entre en abstinencia. No se sabe cómo puede afectar la abstinencia a un embarazo. Se sugiere que cualquier reducción de codeína se haga lentamente y bajo la dirección de su proveedor de atención de salud.</p></blockquote><p>
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||
<b>
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||
<i>Tomo codeína. ¿Puede hacer que me resulte más difícil quedar embarazada?</i>
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||
</b>
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||
</p><blockquote><p>Algunos estudios han demostrado que el uso o el uso indebido de opioides, incluida la codeína, puede causar cambios en el ciclo menstrual de una persona. Esto podría dificultar el embarazo.</p></blockquote><p>
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||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Tomar codeína aumenta la probabilidad de aborto espontáneo?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>El aborto espontáneo es común y puede ocurrir en cualquier embarazo por muchas razones diferentes. No se sabe si la codeína puede aumentar la probabilidad de aborto espontáneo.</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Tomar codeína aumenta la probabilidad de defectos de nacimiento?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>Cada embarazo comienza con un 3-5% de probabilidad de tener un defecto de nacimiento. Esto se conoce como riesgo de fondo. No se sabe si tomar codeína durante el embarazo aumenta la probabilidad de defectos de nacimiento por encima del riesgo de fondo. Algunos estudios que analizan el uso de codeína en el embarazo sugieren un posible aumento de la probabilidad de algunos defectos de nacimiento, como la espina bífida (cuando la médula espinal fetal no se desarrolla de la forma usual), así como problemas con los intestinos y/o problemas del corazón. Sin embargo, los estudios no han encontrado un patrón específico de defectos de nacimiento causados por el uso de codeína u opioides en general. Si hay una mayor probabilidad de defectos de nacimiento con el uso de codeína en el embarazo, es probable que sea pequeña.</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Tomar codeína durante el embarazo aumenta la probabilidad de otros problemas relacionados con el embarazo?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>Los estudios sobre el uso de opioides durante el embarazo han encontrado una mayor probabilidad de problemas relacionados con el embarazo, incluido el crecimiento deficiente del bebé, la muerte fetal, el parto prematuro (parto antes de la semana 37) y la necesidad de una cesárea. Esto se informa con mayor frecuencia en personas que toman opioides en dosis más altas o durante más tiempo de lo recomendado por sus proveedores de atención de salud (es decir, usan indebidamente o "abusan" de los opioides). La codeína puede causar hemorragia posparto (sangrado pesado después del parto) en algunas personas. El uso de un opioide cerca del momento del parto puede provocar síntomas de abstinencia en el bebé (consulte la sección de esta hoja informativa sobre el síndrome de abstinencia neonatal).</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Mi bebé tendrá abstinencia (síndrome de abstinencia neonatal) si sigo tomando codeína?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>El síndrome de abstinencia neonatal (NAS, por sus siglas en inglés) es el término utilizado para describir los síntomas de abstinencia en los recién nacidos de algunos medicamentos que una persona toma durante el embarazo. Los síntomas del NAS con opioides pueden incluir dificultad para respirar, somnolencia (sueño) extrema, mala alimentación, irritabilidad, sudoración, temblores, vómitos y diarrea. En la mayoría de los casos, los síntomas del NAS aparecen dos días después del nacimiento y pueden durar más de dos semanas. La probabilidad de que ocurra NAS depende de la duración y/o de la dosis de opioide que se tome durante el embarazo. Si tomó opioides durante el embarazo, es importante informar a los proveedores de atención de salud de su bebé para que puedan detectar síntomas de NAS y brindarle la mejor atención a su recién nacido.</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Tomar codeína durante el embarazo afecta el comportamiento o aprendizaje futuro para el niño?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>Algunos estudios sobre los opioides en general han encontrado más problemas con el aprendizaje y el comportamiento en los niños expuestos a los opioides durante un largo período de tiempo durante el embarazo. Esos estudios han encontrado una mayor probabilidad de retraso en el desarrollo, problemas con la memoria y características similares al autismo. Sin embargo, es difícil saber si esto se debe a la exposición a medicamentos u otros factores que pueden aumentar las posibilidades de estos problemas.</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>¿Qué sucede si he estado tomando más codeína de la recomendada por mi proveedor de atención de salud o tengo un trastorno por consumo de opioides?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>Hable con su proveedor de atención de salud sobre su uso de codeína. Las personas que están embarazadas y toman opioides en dosis más altas o durante más tiempo de lo recomendado por sus proveedores de atención de salud tienen una mayor probabilidad de problemas como crecimiento fetal deficiente, mortinato (muerte fetal), parto prematuro y la necesidad de una cesárea.</p></blockquote><p>La <i><b>codeína y la lactancia</b></i>:</p><blockquote><p>La codeína pasa a la leche materna. Algunos bebés pueden tener problemas con la cantidad de medicamento en la leche. Hay informes de casos de uso de codeína en la lactancia que han descrito que los bebés tienen mucho sueño, problemas para prenderse, problemas respiratorios, ritmo cardíaco más lento y no reciben suficiente oxígeno. Otros informes describen el uso de codeína durante la lactancia sin ningún problema en los bebés lactantes.</p><p>La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés) recomienda que no se use codeína durante la lactancia. Además, la etiqueta del producto de codeína recomienda que las personas que están amamantando no usen este medicamento. Pero los beneficios del uso de codeína pueden superar los posibles riesgos.</p><p>Si está usando codeína (o cualquier opioide), hable con su proveedor de atención de salud sobre cómo usar la menor cantidad durante el menor tiempo posible y cómo monitorear (vigilar) a su bebé para detectar cualquier signo de preocupación. Comuníquese con el proveedor de atención de salud del bebé de inmediato si su bebé tiene algún problema, como aumento de sueño (más de lo habitual), problemas para alimentarse, dificultad para respirar o flaccidez. Asegúrese de hablar con su proveedor de atención de salud acerca de todas sus preguntas sobre la lactancia.</p></blockquote><p>
|
||
<b>
|
||
<i>Si un varón toma codeína, ¿podría afectar la fertilidad o aumentar la probabilidad de defectos de nacimiento?</i>
|
||
</b>
|
||
</p><blockquote><p>Se ha demostrado que el uso o uso indebido de opioides, incluida la codeína, reduce la fertilidad masculina (capacidad de embarazar a la pareja). En general, es poco probable que las exposiciones que tienen los padres o donantes de esperma aumenten los riesgos de un embarazo. Para más información, consulte la hoja informativa de MotherToBaby acerca de Exposiciones Paternas en <a href="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/</a>.</p></blockquote></div><div id="R001"><h2 id="_R001_">Referencias Seleccionadas:</h2><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="c001">Akhigbe
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK582652/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK582652/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK582652" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK582652" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets [Internet]. Brentwood (TN): Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS); 1994-. Codeína. 2023 Apr.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK582652/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK582652.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (124K)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Link to English version of this Fact Sheet</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
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