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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Identification of Functionally Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Neuropeptide-S Receptor: Naphthopyranopyrimidines - Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program [Internet]">
<meta name="citation_title" content="Identification of Functionally Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Neuropeptide-S Receptor: Naphthopyranopyrimidines">
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)">
<meta name="citation_date" content="2010/09/02">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Juan Marugan">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Ke Liu">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Wei Zheng">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Robert Eskay">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Noel Southall">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Markus Heilig">
<meta name="citation_author" content="James Inglese">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Christopher Austin">
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="21433374">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Identification of Functionally Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Neuropeptide-S Receptor: Naphthopyranopyrimidines">
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<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Juan Marugan">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Ke Liu">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Wei Zheng">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Robert Eskay">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Noel Southall">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Markus Heilig">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="James Inglese">
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Christopher Austin">
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010/09/02">
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<meta name="description" content="Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), previously known as GPR154, is a recently de-orphanized G protein coupled receptor. Its endogenous ligand is the 20 amino acid peptide, Neuropeptide S (NPS). Activation of NPSR induces transient increases in intracellular calcium and cAMP, suggesting coupling of this receptor to both Gs and Gq G proteins. NPS and its receptor are found in various tissues. The receptor is highly expressed in brain areas that have been implicated in modulation of arousal, stress and anxiety. Central administration of NPS in mice produces an unusual profile of activity by inducing wakefulness and arousal, while at the same time suppressing anxiety. Therefore, NPSR may represent a novel drug target for the treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders. The relative importance of Gs and Gq G protein-coupled signaling to NPSR action is not known. The goal of the project is to generate a series of compounds that can selectively antagonize these signaling pathways. ML079 (CID-3719993) is one compound from a series of congeners satisfies this criteria and can be used to dissect the role these pathways play in NPSR biology.">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), previously known as GPR154, is a recently de-orphanized G protein coupled receptor. Its endogenous ligand is the 20 amino acid peptide, Neuropeptide S (NPS). Activation of NPSR induces transient increases in intracellular calcium and cAMP, suggesting coupling of this receptor to both Gs and Gq G proteins. NPS and its receptor are found in various tissues. The receptor is highly expressed in brain areas that have been implicated in modulation of arousal, stress and anxiety. Central administration of NPS in mice produces an unusual profile of activity by inducing wakefulness and arousal, while at the same time suppressing anxiety. Therefore, NPSR may represent a novel drug target for the treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders. The relative importance of Gs and Gq G protein-coupled signaling to NPSR action is not known. The goal of the project is to generate a series of compounds that can selectively antagonize these signaling pathways. ML079 (CID-3719993) is one compound from a series of congeners satisfies this criteria and can be used to dissect the role these pathways play in NPSR biology.">
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find">&#10008;</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">&#9664;</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">&#9654;</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK47358_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Identification of Functionally Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the
Neuropeptide-S Receptor: Naphthopyranopyrimidines</span></h1><p class="contribs">Marugan J, Liu K, Zheng W, et al.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK47358_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p>Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), previously known as GPR154, is a recently de-orphanized G protein coupled receptor. Its endogenous ligand is the 20 amino acid peptide, Neuropeptide S (NPS). Activation of NPSR induces transient increases in intracellular calcium and cAMP, suggesting coupling of this receptor to both Gs and Gq G proteins. NPS and its receptor are found in various tissues. The receptor is highly expressed in brain areas that have been implicated in modulation of arousal, stress and anxiety. Central administration of NPS in mice produces an unusual profile of activity by inducing wakefulness and arousal, while at the same time suppressing anxiety. Therefore, NPSR may represent a novel drug target for the treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders. The relative importance of Gs and Gq G protein-coupled signaling to NPSR action is not known. The goal of the project is to generate a series of compounds that can selectively antagonize these signaling pathways. ML079 (CID-3719993) is one compound from a series of congeners satisfies this criteria and can be used to dissect the role these pathways play in NPSR biology.</p></div><div class="h2"></div><p><b>Assigned Assay Grant #:</b> X01-DA026210-01</p><p><b>Screening Center Name &#x00026; PI:</b> NIH Chemical Genomics Center,
Christopher Austin</p><p><b>Chemistry Center Name &#x00026; PI:</b> NIH Chemical Genomics Center,
Christopher Austin</p><p><b>Assay Submitter &#x00026; Institution:</b> Markus Heilig, National Institute on
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</p><p><b>PubChem Summary Bioassay Identifier (AID):</b>
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1461" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1461</a></p><div id="ml079.s2"><h2 id="_ml079_s2_">Probe Structure &#x00026; Characteristics</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079tu1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079tu1" rid-ob="figobml079tu1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.tu1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079tu1">Table</a></h4></div></div><div id="ml079.fu1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu1" /></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079tu2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079tu2" rid-ob="figobml079tu2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.tu2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079tu2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s3"><h2 id="_ml079_s3_">Recommendations for the scientific use of this probe</h2><p>This probe exhibits functional antagonism equally for cAMP and intraceullar calcium
signaling pathways stimulated by NPS in the cell-based assays, as opposed to the
only other reported antagonist of NPS, SHA68, which selectively inhibits calcium
signaling. The complete blockade of both cAMP and calcium signaling pathways may be
necessary to fully antagonize NPSR1 function in animal models. As such, this probe
should be used as a research tool to further study the functions of NPS receptor
<i>ex vivo</i> and in animal models. In addition, this probe could
serve as the starting point of drug development for treatment of sleep or anxiety
disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, addictive disorders, and primarily
alcoholism. The goal of the project was to generate a selective inhibitor of NPS,
with a potency better than 1 micromolar in a displacement assay against the target;
CID-3719993 satisfies these criteria. CID-3719993 was the most potent molecule
tested in this displacement assay.</p><p>Throughout this probe report, MLSMR and NCGC identification numbers are used to
identify compounds. A complete listing of corresponding PubChem CIDs can be found in
table 9.</p></div><div id="ml079.s4"><h2 id="_ml079_s4_">1. Scientific Rationale for Project</h2><p>Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR), previously known as GPR154, is a recently
de-orphanized G protein coupled receptor. Its endogenous ligand is the 20 amino acid
peptide Neuropeptide S (NPS). Activation of NPSR induces transient increases in
intracellular calcium and cAMP, suggesting coupling of this receptor to both Gs and
Gq G proteins. NPS and its receptor are found in various tissues. The receptor is
highly expressed in brain areas that have been implicated in modulation of arousal,
stress and anxiety. Central administration of NPS in mice produces an unusual
profile of activity by inducing wakefulness and arousal, while at the same time
suppressing anxiety. Therefore, NPSR may represent a novel drug target for the
treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders.</p><p>Recent work from Dr. Heilig&#x02019;s laboratory has indicated that a class of
stress-related neuropeptides constitutes a novel, promising category of candidate
targets for the treatment of alcoholism (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r1" rid="ml079.r1">1</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r2" rid="ml079.r2">2</a>).
Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are key mediators
that belong to this category. New, unpublished data from the Heilig laboratory
indicates that NPS may also belong to this circuitry. For example,
cerebroventricular administration of NPS mimics stress and CRH in inducing
relapse-like behavior in an animal model of alcohol seeking behavior.</p><p>Prompted by these data, the main hypothesis is that NPS receptors may be candidate
targets for relapse prevention in alcoholism. A major roadblock for research aimed
at establishing this role of the NPS system is the lack of pharmacological tools.
Development of non-peptide NPS antagonists through this project will provide the
pharmacological tools necessary to establish the role of endogenous NPS transmission
in relapse to alcohol seeking behavior, and allow validation of the NPS receptor as
a candidate treatment target.</p><p>During the process of our probe discovery for the NPS receptor, one structural series
of antagonist were reported (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r3" rid="ml079.r3">3</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r4" rid="ml079.r4">4</a>), represented by SHA68,
1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylicacid4-fluoro-benzylamide,
CAS#=&#x000a0;847555-75-3). We have found that this compound
selectively inhibited the intracellular calcium signaling stimulated by NPS (25nM
IC50) compared with that of cAMP signaling pathway (583nM IC50), yielding a
&#x0003e;20-fold functional selectivity for this compound.</p></div><div id="ml079.s5"><h2 id="_ml079_s5_">2. Project Description</h2><p>The process of NPSR antagonist discovery is summarized and shown in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f1" rid-ob="figobml079f1">Figure 1</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f1" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f1" rid-ob="figobml079f1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f1.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Overview of screening process." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f1"><h4 id="ml079.f1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f1">Figure 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Overview of screening process. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t1" rid-ob="figobml079t1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of PubChem data depositions for the NPS project." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t1"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of PubChem data depositions for the NPS project. </p></div></div><div id="ml079.s6"><h3>a. Overall Goal of Project</h3><p>To identify antagonists for neuropeptide S receptor as research probes for
further studies on the function of NPS receptor in animal models. In addition,
the antagonists of NPS receptor identified from this project would also serve as
the starting point of drug development to treat anxiety disorders, including
post-traumatic stress disorder, and addictive disorders, and primarily
alcoholism. An additional focus is to obtain structurally distinct probes with
new structural features, emphasizing appropriate LogP and low polar surface area
(tPSA&#x02264; 95) for increasing the probability of crossing the blood-brain-barrier.
Finally, the molecule should have an association constant below 1 &#x000b5;M in the NPS
binding assay.</p></div><div id="ml079.s7"><h3>b. Assay implementation and screening</h3><div id="ml079.s8"><h4>qHTS Assay for Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor: cAMP Signal
Transduction [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1461" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1461</a>; Primary DR]</h4><div id="ml079.s9"><h5>Assay Rationale &#x00026; Description</h5><p>It is known that NPS stimulates the cAMP signaling pathway and increases
the cAMP level in cells expressing NPS receptor. This change in
intracellular cAMP level can be detected by a cAMP HTRF assay (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f2" rid-ob="figobml079f2">Fig 2</a>), which is based on
TR-FRET (time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between a
cAMP-specific antibody labeled with europium (Eu) cryptate (Ab-cAMP-Eu),
and a cAMP analog conjugated to the fluorescent dye d2 (cAMP-d2). Light
pulse at 320 nm excites the europium of Ab-cAMP-Eu and the energy
emitted is transferred to the cAMP-d2 bound to the antibody, generating
a TR-FRET signal at 665 nm. Residual energy from the Eu-cryptate will
produce a light at 620 nm. The native unlabeled cAMP from cell lysates
competes with the cAMP-d2 for Ab-cAMP-Eu binding and reversely reduces
the emission signal of cAMP-d2 by interrupting FRET between the two
labeled molecules. Both emission signals from the FRET donor (620 nm)
and the acceptor (665 nm) can be measured by a plate reader. Expression
of result in fluorescence ratio (665 nm/620 nm) helps to normalize
differences due to cell density and reagent dispensing.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f2" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f2" rid-ob="figobml079f2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f2.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the assay principle of the HTRF cAMP assay." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f2"><h4 id="ml079.f2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f2">Figure 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Schematic illustration of the assay principle of the HTRF
cAMP assay. </p></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s10"><h5>Assay Protocol</h5><p>All the reagents used for the NPSR cAMP assay and their resources are
listed in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t2" rid-ob="figobml079t2">Table 2</a>. A
schematic illustration of the assay principle is shown in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f2" rid-ob="figobml079f2">figure 2</a>. The assay protocol is
described below, and in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t3" rid-ob="figobml079t3">table
3</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t2" rid-ob="figobml079t2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Reagents and resources for the HTRP cAMP assay." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t2"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Reagents and resources for the HTRP cAMP assay. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t3"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t3" rid-ob="figobml079t3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. cAMP assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in 1536-well plate format." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t3"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">cAMP assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in 1536-well plate
format. </p></div></div><p>A Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably expressing the NPSR was
generated in Dr. Heilig&#x02019;s lab. The cells were maintained in
F12 medium containing 10 % FBS, 100 units/ml Penicillin, 100
&#x003bc;g/ml Streptomycin, and 200 &#x003bc;g/ml Geneticin at
37 &#x000ba;C, 5% CO2.</p><p>Suspended CHO-NPSR cells were seeded into 1536-well tissue
culture-treated white plates at a density of 1800 cells/well in 4
&#x003bc;l media without Geneticin and incubated at 37
&#x000ba;C, 5 % CO<sub>2</sub> for overnight. After
1&#x003bc;l of stimulation buffer (1X PBS buffer, 0.1%
BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 500 &#x003bc;M Ro 20-1724, EC80 of
NPS) was added to each well, cells were incubated at 37 &#x000ba;C,
5 % CO<sub>2</sub> for 30 min. 1.25 &#x003bc;l of d2
conjugated cAMP and 1 &#x003bc;l of cryptate conjugated anti-cAMP
antibody were then added. D2 conjugated cAMP and cryptate conjugated
anti-cAMP antibody were both prepared in cell lysis buffer according to
the manufacturer&#x02019;s instruction. After 30 minutes, plates
were then read in Viewlux plate reader (Perkin Elmer) using the TRF
detection mode optimized for HTRF.</p></div><div id="ml079.s11"><h5>Summary of Results</h5><p>NCGC tested 1284 1536-well plates in the primary screen. The average
Z&#x02019; for the screen was 0.68 +/&#x02212; 0.10,
excluding 34 plates which failed visual QC. Results are reported for
221,370 samples. 2,309 compounds gave significant
concentration-responses in the primary screen. Compounds were
deprioritized for confirmation if they were suspected to interfere with
the readout of the assay platform, or to affect GPCR signal transduction
at a point in the pathway beyond the neuropeptide S receptor using
internal NCGC SAR data from other related assays.</p></div></div><div id="ml079.confcon"><h4>Confirmation Concentration-Response Assay for Antagonists of the
Neuropeptide S Receptor: cAMP Signal Transduction [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1491" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1491</a>;
Confirmatory DR]</h4><div id="ml079.s12"><h5>Assay Description</h5><p>Select samples active in the primary screen were obtained in DMSO
solution from the MLSMR and/or as powders from compound vendors to
confirm activity in the original assay.</p></div><div id="ml079.s13"><h5>Assay Protocol</h5><p>The assay protocol and reagents are identical to: qHTS Assay for
Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor: cAMP Signal Transduction
[<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1651" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1651</a>; Primary]</p></div><div id="ml079.s14"><h5>Summary of Results</h5><p>Prioritized compounds had a high confirmation rate, but the most potent
compounds from the MLSMR were only in the micromolar range using the
HTRF assay format.</p></div></div><div id="ml079.s15"><h4>qHTS Assay for Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor: Calcium
Mobilization [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1489" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1489</a>; DR]</h4><div id="ml079.s16"><h5>Assay Description</h5><p>The fluorescent calcium dyes Fluo-4 AM has been widely used in GPCR
studies to visualize and measure changes in intracellular calcium. It is
able to enter the cell by passive diffuse and is de-esterified by
endogenous esterases in the cytosol that is not fluorescent. The dye
becomes fluorescent upon binding of calcium, resulting in fluorescent
signals proportional to the cytosol free calcium concentration that is
dramatically increased by the stimulation of certain GPCRs. Because
intracellular calcium responses are transient with a fast kinetic (a
half-life in the range of seconds to minutes), its detection requires
special instruments that combine both the automated reagent dispenser
and the kinetic fluorescence reader. A FDSS-7000 system (FDSS,
Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu City, Japan) was used at NCGC to measure the
intracellular calcium changes in response to agonist stimulation on
GPCRs.</p></div><div id="ml079.s17"><h5>Assay Protocol</h5><p>All the reagents used for this assay and their resources are listed in
<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t4" rid-ob="figobml079t4">Table 4</a>. The assay
protocol is described below, and in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t5" rid-ob="figobml079t5">table 5</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t4"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t4" rid-ob="figobml079t4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization assay." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t4"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization
assay. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t5"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t5" rid-ob="figobml079t5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in 1536-well plate format." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t5"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in
1536-well plate format. </p></div></div><p>The CHO-NPSR cell line used in the cAMP assay was also used in this
calcium mobilization assay. The suspended cells were plated at 3
&#x003bc;l/well with 2000 cells in the black, tissue culture
treated, clear bottom 1536-well plates. After overnight incubation at 37
&#x000ba;C, 5% CO<sub>2</sub>, 3 &#x003bc;l of the
calcium dye (no wash High Performance PBX Calcium Assay Kit, BD
Biosciences) was loaded to each well and the plates were incubated at 37
&#x000ba;C, 5 % CO<sub>2</sub> for 1 hour followed by
10-min incubation with 23 nl compound prepared in DMSO solution. The
assay plates were then placed onto the FDSS-7000 kinetic fluorescence
plate reader for measuring the changes of intracellular free calcium.
The basal fluorescence signal was recorded for 6 sec at 1 Hz followed by
an addition of 1 &#x003bc;l of NPS stimulation buffer (1X PBS
buffer, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20, 500
&#x003bc;M Ro 20-1724, EC80 of NPS) and 4-minute continuously
recording at 1 Hz.</p></div><div id="ml079.s18"><h5>Summary of Results</h5><p>Most compounds tested were more potent against the calcium mobilization
assay than the cAMP assay, indicating potential antagonist functional
selectivity for the Gs and Gq signaling pathways. The literature
compound SHA 68 is a potent antagonist of Gq signaling.</p></div></div><div id="ml079.s19"><h4>Counterscreen for Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor: Muscarinic
Acetylcholine M1 Receptor Antagonism [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1492" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1492</a>;
Counterscreen]</h4><div id="ml079.s20"><h5>Assay Description</h5><p>Muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor
found in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and other cells.
Because this receptor is coupled to the same G proteins as NPSR, it
provides a good counterscreen for compounds that antagonize signal
transduction through receptor-independent mechanisms (such as direct
modulators of cellular cAMP levels).</p></div><div id="ml079.s21"><h5>Assay Protocol</h5><p>All the reagents used for this assay and their resources are listed in
<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t6" rid-ob="figobml079t6">Table 6</a>. The assay
protocol is described below, and in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t7" rid-ob="figobml079t7">table 7</a>. A Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell
line stably expressing muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor (CHO-M1) was
obtained from ATCC and maintained in F-12 Kaighn&#x02019;s media
(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, 21127) supplemented with 10 %
FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 ug/ml streptomycin and 250 ug/ml
geneticin at 37C, 5% CO2 in a humidified atmosphere. Before
the assay, aliquots of cells were frozen and stored at
&#x02212;135C. The assay was performed on a FDSS-7000 kinetic plate
reader in 1536-well format. The maximums of kinetic fluorescence
responses were converted into text files using the
instrument&#x02019;s software data export utility. Data for
antagonist response were normalized to the controls for basal activity
(DMSO only) and 100% inhibition. AC50 values were determined
from concentration-response data modeled with the standard Hill
equation.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t6"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t6" rid-ob="figobml079t6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization assay." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t6"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization
assay. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t7"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t7" rid-ob="figobml079t7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-M1 cells in 1536-well plate format." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t7"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-M1 cells in
1536-well plate format. </p></div></div><p>Frozen CHO-M1 cells were thawed, washed once with fresh media and
resuspended in F-12 Kaighn&#x02019;s media supplemented with 10
% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ug/ml streptomycin.
Cells were plated at 3 ul/well (1200 cells) to black, clear-bottom,
tissue-culture treated 1536-well plates, and then cultured at 37C, 5
% CO2 for 16 to 30 hours. 3 ul of calcium dye (from High
Performance PBX Calcium Assay Kit, BD Biosciences) was added. The
calcium dye was prepared according to the manufactory&#x02019;s
instruction.</p><p>Plates were incubated at 37C, 5 % CO2 for 1 hour. Add 23
nl/well of compound in DMSO solution was added. The final titration for
each compound was between 0.6 nM and 46 &#x000b5;M. Plates were then loaded onto
the FDSS-7000. The following steps were performed on the FDSS-7000.
(<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r1" rid="ml079.r1">1</a>) Record fluorescent
background (Ex 480 nm, Em 520&#x02013;560 nm) for 10 s. (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r2" rid="ml079.r2">2</a>) Add 2 &#x003bc;l of
stimulation buffer (1X HBSS buffer, 0.1% BSA, 60 nM
carbachol). (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r3" rid="ml079.r3">3</a>) Record
antagonist response (Ex 480 nm, Em 520&#x02013;560 nm) for 180
s.</p></div><div id="ml079.s22"><h5>Summary of Results</h5><p>Validated molecules did not antagonize M1 stimulation by carbachol,
indicating some selectivity of the molecules for NPSR.</p></div></div><div id="ml079.s23"><h4>qHTS Assay for Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor: Radioactive
Ligand Displacement [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1493" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1493</a>; Secondary]</h4><div id="ml079.s24"><h5>Assay Description</h5><p>Select samples was tested in a direct ligand binding assay, measuring
[<sup>125</sup>I] Y<sup>10</sup>-hNPS
displacement as previously described (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r5" rid="ml079.r5">5</a>).</p></div><div id="ml079.s25"><h5>Assay Protocol</h5><p>All the reagents used for this assay and their resources are listed in
<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t8" rid-ob="figobml079t8">Table 8</a>. The assay was
carried out as described (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r5" rid="ml079.r5">5</a>)
with minor modification. Y10-NPS labeled with 125I was bought from NEN
Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). CHO cells stably expressing human NPSR were
seeded into 24-well plates and cultured until reaching
90&#x02013;95% confluency. Cells were washed with 1ml
PBS once and then incubated with radioligand with or without compounds
or in DMEM medium containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin at
20C for 1.5 hr. Increasing concentrations of compounds or unlabeled
human NPS were used to compete with 0.15 nM
[125I] Y10-NPS. Nonspecific binding was
determined in the presence of 1 &#x000b5;M unlabeled human NPS. Cells were
washed twice with cold PBS and lysed with 1 N NaOH. Bound radioactivity
was counted in a liquid scintillation counter.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t8"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t8" rid-ob="figobml079t8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Reagents and resources for the radioactive ligand binding assay." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t8"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Reagents and resources for the radioactive ligand binding
assay. </p></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s26"><h5>Summary of Results</h5><p>Validated molecules displaced radioactive NPS ligand, typically at
concentrations well below that required for antagonism of the receptor
in the cell-based assays. It is possible that molecules which did not
displace radioactive NPS ligand bind allosterically to the receptor, but
the project team had no assay with which to verify this possibility.</p></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s27"><h3>b. Probe optimization (Naphthopyranopyrimidine)</h3><div id="ml079.s28"><h4>Initial results of lead series</h4><p>MLS-000558527 antagonized an NPS response with an IC50 of 2&#x003bc;M in
the primary screening; in the confirmatory cAMP and calcium assays, it
exhibited 250nM activity in a direct binding, displacement assay, and was
the most potent molecule identified during screening. It did not exhibit any
agonism towards the NPS receptor (not shown; data given in PubChem <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1491" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1491</a>). The activity of MLS-000558527 was confirmed for the both a sample
re-ordered from the MLSMR repository, as well as for a sample synthesized
in-house.</p><div id="ml079.f3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Structure of MLS-000558527." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Structure of MLS-000558527</span></h3></div></div><div id="ml079.s29"><h4>Development of lead series</h4><p>During the process of this RO3 application, two small molecule antagonists of
NPS receptor were reported (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r3" rid="ml079.r3">3</a>,
<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r4" rid="ml079.r4">4</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r6" rid="ml079.r6">6</a>). They are SHA66
(3-oxo-1,1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-ox-azolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylicacidbenzylamide,
CAS#&#x000a0;847553-81-5) and SHA68,
1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylicacid4-fluoro-benzylamide,
CAS#&#x000a0;847555-75-3), two closely related bi-cyclicpiperazines with
antagonistic properties at the NPS receptor (NPSR).</p><div id="ml079.f4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f4.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Structure of SHA-66 and SHA-68." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Structure of SHA-66 and SHA-68</span></h3></div><p>This report changed our initial SAR strategy, which was directed towards
systematic substitution. We decided to use molecular modeling to compare the
energy minimized structures of the two series. Chemical Computing
Group&#x02019;s MOE was used to flexibly align the molecules, with
MMFF94x parameterization and without hydrogen bonding penalty. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f5" rid-ob="figobml079f5">Figures 5</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f6" rid-ob="figobml079f6">6</a> show two different ways of superimposing the
minimized structures. The stereochemistry of the active enantiomer of
MLS-000558527 is not known. Alternate stereochemistries were used to
generate alternate models shown in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f5" rid-ob="figobml079f5">figure 5</a> (R) and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f6" rid-ob="figobml079f6">6</a> (S).</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f5" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f5"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f5" rid-ob="figobml079f5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f5.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f5.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f5"><h4 id="ml079.f5"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f5">Figure 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f6" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f6"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f6" rid-ob="figobml079f6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f6.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f6.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Alternate superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68. 2D depiction exaggerated to highlight spatial alignment." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f6"><h4 id="ml079.f6"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f6">Figure 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Alternate superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68. 2D
depiction exaggerated to highlight spatial alignment. </p></div></div><p>Both models present a good overlapping of the core cyclic rings as well as
the adjacent aromatic regions. The main difference between these two series
is the conformation and structure of the ureic benzyl amine functional
group. This group sticking out from the main core of SHA68, and it is
absence in the NCGC series. In a recent publication, it has been shown that
the introduction of the ureic benzyl amine functional group in the main core
is fundamental for the activity of the series. For these reasons, we decided
to develop several exploratory series introducing an aromatic ring at
different regions and distances of our series. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f7" rid-ob="figobml079f7">Figure 7</a> shows some of our analogues synthesized
for this strategy.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f7" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f7"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f7" rid-ob="figobml079f7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f7.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f7.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Introduction of a new aromatic ring in several points of the molecule." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f7"><h4 id="ml079.f7"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f7">Figure 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Introduction of a new aromatic ring in several points of the
molecule. </p></div></div><p>As it can be seen on <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t9" rid-ob="figobml079t9">Table 9</a>,
the potency of the series did not improve with this first round of
chemistry. However, all the compounds in this round were synthesized without
the methoxy substituents in the top phenyl ring, which were thought to be
beneficial for binding. Interestingly, NCGC-00181361 exhibited activity
within experimental error of MLS-000558527, and along with NCGC-00182492 and
NCGC-00182493, give us insight into the relationship between the SHA68
series and this one (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f8" rid-ob="figobml079f8">Figure
8</a>).</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079t9"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079t9" rid-ob="figobml079t9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Activity of probe series in NPS cAMP assay, and radioactive ligand displacement (for select analogs), along with corresponding PubChem CIDs." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.t9"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079t9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Activity of probe series in NPS cAMP assay, and radioactive
ligand displacement (for select analogs), along with corresponding
PubChem CIDs. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f8" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f8"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f8" rid-ob="figobml079f8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f8.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f8.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Explanation for the lack of activity of NCGC-00182492 and NCGC-00182493." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f8"><h4 id="ml079.f8"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f8">Figure 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Explanation for the lack of activity of NCGC-00182492 and
NCGC-00182493. </p></div></div><p>The next round of synthesis explored the need di-methoxy substitution on the
phenyl ring. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079f9" rid-ob="figobml079f9">Figure 9</a> shows some
of the analogues initially synthesized for evaluating the di-methoxy
functional groups. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t9" rid-ob="figobml079t9">Table 9</a>
shows that the analogue with meta and para di-methoxy substitution is five
times more active than the unsubstituted phenyl ring. Although
mono-para-methoxy substitution showed some effect improving the activity, it
is the meta-methoxy substituent the one that provide the main increment on
activity, showing that the mono-meta-methoxy substitution is equally potent
that the para-meta di-methoxy substitution. Focusing on the imidine
substitution comparing NCGC00181382 and NCGC00183143, it can be seen that
the phenyl substitution is close to five times better than the ethyl
morpholino substitution.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figml079f9" co-legend-rid="figlgndml079f9"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079f9" rid-ob="figobml079f9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f9.gif" src-large="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f9.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Exploration of the substitution in the phenyl ring." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndml079f9"><h4 id="ml079.f9"><a href="/books/NBK47358/figure/ml079.f9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079f9">Figure 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Exploration of the substitution in the phenyl ring. </p></div></div><p>Activation of NPSR induces transient increases in intracellular calcium and
cAMP, suggesting coupling of this receptor to both Gs and Gq G proteins.
Appendix 3 shows the values of MLS-000558527 in both functional assays. It
can be seen that our probe is equally potent antagonizing both biological
pathways. In contrast, SHA68 has a 20 times selectivity towards calcium
activation that cAMP activation.</p><p>The activity of all these analogues and others can be seen in the Appendix.
MLS-000558527 is the most thoroughly characterized and among the most potent
compounds from this series, and has been selected as the probe molecule.
Gram scale synthesis of the compounds has been completed to facilitate
<i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characterization
of this compound&#x02019;s activity by other investigators. Potencies of
series analogs are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figml079t9" rid-ob="figobml079t9">Table
9</a>.</p></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s30"><h2 id="_ml079_s30_">3. Probe</h2><div id="ml079.s31"><h3>a. Chemical name</h3><p>10-(2-morpholinoethyl)-11-imino-12-(m,p-dimethoxyphenyl)-10,11-dihydro-12H-naphtho[1',2':5,6]-pyrano
[2,3-d]pyrimidine (MLS-000558527)
<b>[<a href="/pcsubstance/?term=ML079[synonym]" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=term&amp;targettype=pubchem">ML079</a>]</b></p></div><div id="ml079.s33"><h3>b. Probe chemical structure</h3><div id="ml079.fu2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu1" /></div></div><p>Sample is an isomeric mixture.</p></div><div id="ml079.s34"><h3>c. Structural Verification Information of probe SID</h3><p>Structural verification and initial purity quantification was performed by
<sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis using a Varian spectrometer dissolving the sample
in Cl<sub>3</sub>CD. In addition, further analysis was carried out by LC/MS
using an Agilent system in the following conditions:</p><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Column: 3 x 75 mm Luna C18, 3 micron</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Run time: 4.5 minutes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gradient: 4% to 100% over 2.8 minutes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mobile phase: acetonitrile (0.025% TFA), water
(0.05% TFA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Flow rate: 0.8 to 1.0 mL/min</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Temperature: 50 C</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>UV Wavelength: 220 nm, 254 nm</div></li></ul><p>The retention time of MLS-000558527 in those conditions was of 2.98 minutes. The
purity of the Mass spectra was recorded in the positive ionization mode using an
electrospray (API-ES) ionizing source with nitrogen as drying gas. Both NMR and
LC/MS analysis showed purity greater than 99% for those batches of
MLS-000558527 use in the biological evaluation.</p></div><div id="ml079.s35"><h3>d. PubChem CID (corresponding to the SID)</h3><p>CID-3719993</p></div><div id="ml079.s36"><h3>e. Availability from vendor</h3><p>MLS-000558527 can be purchased from the following vendors</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079tu3"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079tu3" rid-ob="figobml079tu3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.tu3"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079tu3">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s37"><h3>f. Mode of action for biological activity of probe</h3><p>Neuropeptide S receptor antagonist</p></div><div id="ml079.s38"><h3>g. Detailed synthetic pathway for making probe</h3><div id="ml079.fu3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu35.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu35" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s39"><h3>h. Summary of probe properties</h3><p>MLS-000558527 is a very lypophilic compound ease to dissolve in organic solvents
such us MeOH, Cl2CH2 or acetone. As pure compound, MLS-000558527 is a white
powder at room temperature, chemically stable and with no apparent reactivity
with air.</p></div><div id="ml079.s40"><h3>i. Properties Computed from Structure</h3><p>Chemical Formula: C29H30N4O4</p><p>Molecular Weight: 498.57</p><p>Log P: 4.17</p><p>tPSA: 79.61</p><p>Number of hydrogen donors: 1</p><p>Number of hydrogen acceptors: 7</p></div></div><div id="ml079.s41"><h2 id="_ml079_s41_">4. Appendices</h2><div id="ml079.s42"><h3>a. Summary of activities of SHA 68 and MLS-000558527</h3><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figml079tu4"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figml079tu4" rid-ob="figobml079tu4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ml079.tu4"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobml079tu4">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>SHA 68, while more potent in the radioligand experiment, only partially blocked
NPS-induced activity when injected at 50 mg/kg i.p. (<a class="bibr" href="#ml079.r3" rid="ml079.r3">3</a>) This dosing yielded single-digit micromolar
concentrations in brain. This is consistent with the hypothesis that antagonism
of NPS stimulation requires functional antagonism of either cAMP or both cAMP
and calcium signaling. MLS-000558527 provides a means of testing this hypothesis
because this series does not appear to be functionally selective for one pathway
or the other.</p></div><div id="ml079.s43"><h3>b. Concentration-Response data for MLS-000558527</h3><div id="ml079.fu4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu36.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu36" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s44"><h3>c. Comparative data on probe, similar compound structures (establishing SAR) and
prior probes</h3><div id="ml079.s45"><h4>i. HTRF cAMP Assay</h4><div id="ml079.fu5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu37.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu37" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s46"><h4>Calcium Mobilization Assay</h4><div id="ml079.fu6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu38.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu38" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s47"><h4>ii. [125I]NPS Displacement</h4><div id="ml079.fu7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu39.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu39" /></div></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s48"><h3>d. Performance of NPS standard in these assays</h3><div id="ml079.s49"><h4>i. Calcium mobilization assay</h4><div id="ml079.fu8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu40.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu40" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s50"><h4>ii. cAMP assay</h4><div id="ml079.fu9" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu41.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu41" /></div></div></div><div id="ml079.s51"><h4>iii. Radioligand displacement</h4><p>See radioligand data plot above.</p></div></div></div><div id="ml079.bib"><h2 id="_ml079_bib_">5. Bibliography</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r1">Heilig M, Egli M. Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target
symptoms and target mechanisms. <span><span class="ref-journal">Pharmacol Ther. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">111 </span>(3):855&ndash;876.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16545872" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16545872</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r2">Heilig M, Koob GF. A key role for corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol
dependence. <span><span class="ref-journal">Trends Neurosci. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">30 </span>(8):399&ndash;406.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2747092/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2747092</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17629579" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17629579</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r3">Okamura N, Habay SA, Zeng J, Chamberlin AR, Reinscheid RK. Synthesis and pharmacological in vitro and in vivo profile of
3-oxo-1,1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine-7-carboxylic
acid 4-fluoro-benzylamide (SHA 68), a selective antagonist of the
neuropeptide S receptor. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Pharmacol Exp Ther. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">325 </span>(3):893&ndash;901.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2583099/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2583099</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18337476" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18337476</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r4">Fukatsu K, Nakayama Y, Tarui N, Mori M, Matsumoto H, Kurasawa O, Banno H, , inventors. WO/2005/021555. <span>2005 Mar 10;</span></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r5">Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Huitron-Resendiz S, Clark SD, Wang Z, Lin SH, Brucher FA, Zeng J, Ly NK, Henriksen SJ, de Lecea L, Civelli O. Neuropeptide S: a neuropeptide promoting arousal and
anxiolytic-like effects. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neuron. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">43 </span>(4):487&ndash;97.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15312648" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15312648</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ml079.r6">Zhang Y, Gilmour BP, Navarro HA, Runyon SP. Identifying structural features on
1,1-diphenyl-hexahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazin-3-ones
critical for Neuropeptide S antagonist activity. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioorg Med Chem Lett. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">18 </span>(14):4064&ndash;7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5390816/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5390816</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18555684" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18555684</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK47358_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">Juan Marugan</span>,<sup>1</sup> <span itemprop="author">Ke Liu</span>,<sup>1</sup> <span itemprop="author">Wei Zheng</span>,<sup>1</sup> <span itemprop="author">Robert Eskay</span>,<sup>2</sup> <span itemprop="author">Noel Southall</span>,<sup>1</sup> <span itemprop="author">Markus Heilig</span>,<sup>2</sup> <span itemprop="author">James Inglese</span>,<sup>1</sup> and <span itemprop="author">Christopher Austin</span><sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Affiliations</h4><div class="affiliation"><sup>1</sup>
NIH Chemical Genomics Center, 9800 Medical Center Dr.,
Building B, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3370</div><div class="affiliation"><sup>2</sup>
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
Bethesda, MD 20892</div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Received: <span itemprop="datePublished">February 13, 2009</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 2, 2010</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p>National Center for Biotechnology Information (US), Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Marugan J, Liu K, Zheng W, et al. Identification of Functionally Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Neuropeptide-S Receptor: Naphthopyranopyrimidines. 2009 Feb 13 [Updated 2010 Sep 2]. In: Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2010-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/mlprobe/ml080/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/mlprobe/ml077/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079tu1"><div id="ml079.tu1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.tu1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">PubChem CID</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">3719993</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Molecular Weight</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">498.573[g/mol]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Molecular Formula</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">C29H30N4O4</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">XLogP</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">H-Bond Donor</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">H-Bond Acceptor</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rotatable Bond Count</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exact Mass</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">498.227</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topological Polar Surface Area</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79.6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heavy Atom Count</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu1"><div id="ml079.fu1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu1" /></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079tu2"><div id="ml079.tu2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.tu2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CID/ML</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Target Name</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IC50/EC 50 (nM) [SID,
AID]</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Anti-target Name(s)</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IC50/EC50 (&#x003bc;M)
[SID, AID]</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Selectivity</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Secondary Assay(s) Name: IC50/EC50 (nM)
[SID, AID]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CID-3719993/<a href="/pcsubstance/?term=ML079[synonym]" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=term&amp;targettype=pubchem">ML079</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPSR1</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1585 nM [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/14741035" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">SID-14741035</a>,
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1491" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1491</a>]</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;100</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;30</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[125I]Y10-hNPS
displacement: 190 nM [<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/56431665" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">SID-56431665</a>,
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1493" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">AID-1493</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f1"><div id="ml079.f1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Overview of screening process." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Overview of screening process</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t1"><div id="ml079.t1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of PubChem data depositions for the NPS project</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PubChem AID</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Target</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conc. Range</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Samples Tested</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1461" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1461</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Primary DR</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPSR1; cAMP</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5nM&#x02013;46&#x003bc;M</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">221,370</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1491" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1491</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DR</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPSR1; cAMP</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4nM&#x02013;38&#x003bc;M</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1489" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1489</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DR</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPSR1; Ca++</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4nM&#x02013;38&#x003bc;M</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1492" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1492</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Counterscreen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Muscarinic M1;
Ca++</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4nM&#x02013;38&#x003bc;M</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1493" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1493</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[125I]NPSR
displacement</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.01nM&#x02013;22&#x003bc;M</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1464" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem">1464</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Summary</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">.</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f2"><div id="ml079.f2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the assay principle of the HTRF cAMP assay." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Schematic illustration of the assay principle of the HTRF
cAMP assay</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t2"><div id="ml079.t2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Reagents and resources for the HTRP cAMP assay</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reagents</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Resources</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Catalog Number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HTRF cAMP
<i>dynamic</i> 2 kit</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cisbio</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62AM4PEJ</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ro 20-1724</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma-Aldrich</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">B8279</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPS peptide</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Provided by PI</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">F12 Nutrient Mixture
(Ham)</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11765</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10091</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15140</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geneticin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10131</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tween-20</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma-Aldrich</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">P9416</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t3"><div id="ml079.t3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">cAMP assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in 1536-well plate
format</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Step</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Value</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cells</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1800 cells/well</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Culture</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18&#x02013;30 hr</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 nl</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Library Compounds in 0.128 to
10 mM titration series or control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stimulation buffer</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 min</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.25 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D2 conjugated cAMP</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.25 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cryptate conjugated anti-cAMP
antibody</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 min</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Room temperature</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Detector</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ex 320, Em 615/665</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Viewlux plate reader</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t4"><div id="ml079.t4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization
assay</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reagents</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Resources</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Catalog Number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High Performance PBX Calcium
Assay Kit</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BD, Rockville, MD</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">644209</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">F12 Nutrient Mixture
(Ham)</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11765</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10091</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15140</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geneticin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10131</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tween-20</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma-Aldrich</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">P9416</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ro 20-1724</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma-Aldrich</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">B8279</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NPS peptide</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Provided by PI</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t5"><div id="ml079.t5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-NPSR cells in
1536-well plate format</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Step</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Value</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cells</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2000 cells/well</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Culture</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18&#x02013;30 hr</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium dye</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 hr</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 nl</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Library Compounds in 0.128 to
10 mM titration series or control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 min</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stimulation buffer</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Detector</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ex 480 nm, Em
520&#x02013;560 nm</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FDSS-7000 kinetic fluorescence
plate reader Fluo-4 filter set</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t6"><div id="ml079.t6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Reagents and resources for the calcium mobilization
assay</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reagents</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Resources</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Catalog Number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High Performance PBX Calcium
Assay Kit</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BD, Rockville, MD</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">644209</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">F12 Nutrient Mixture
(Ham)</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11765</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10091</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15140</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geneticin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10131</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carbachol</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma-Aldrich</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C4382</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t7"><div id="ml079.t7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Calcium mobilization assay protocol for the CHO-M1 cells in
1536-well plate format</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Step</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Value</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cells</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1200 cells/well</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Culture</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16&#x02013;30 hr</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium dye</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 hr</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 nl</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Library Compounds in 0.128 to
10 mM titration series or control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incubation</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 min</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37&#x000b0;C,
5% CO2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reagent</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 &#x003bc;l</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stimulation buffer</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Detector</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ex 480 nm, Em
520&#x02013;560 nm</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FDSS-7000 kinetic fluorescence
plate reader Fluo-4 filter set</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t8"><div id="ml079.t8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Reagents and resources for the radioactive ligand binding
assay</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reagents</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Resources</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Catalog Number</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">F12 Nutrient Mixture
(Ham)</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11765</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10091</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15140</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geneticin</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Invitrogen</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10131</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>125</sup>I]
Y<sup>10</sup>-hNPS</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEN Perkin Elmer</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f3"><div id="ml079.f3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Structure of MLS-000558527." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Structure of MLS-000558527</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f4"><div id="ml079.f4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f4.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Structure of SHA-66 and SHA-68." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Structure of SHA-66 and SHA-68</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f5"><div id="ml079.f5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f5.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f6"><div id="ml079.f6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f6.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Alternate superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68. 2D depiction exaggerated to highlight spatial alignment." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Alternate superimposition of NCGC lead series with SHA 68. 2D
depiction exaggerated to highlight spatial alignment</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f7"><div id="ml079.f7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f7.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Introduction of a new aromatic ring in several points of the molecule." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Introduction of a new aromatic ring in several points of the
molecule</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079t9"><div id="ml079.t9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Activity of probe series in NPS cAMP assay, and radioactive
ligand displacement (for select analogs), along with corresponding
PubChem CIDs</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.t9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.t9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_top_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC ID</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">PubChem CID</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Structure</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NPS cAMP IC<sub>50</sub>
(&#x000b5;M)</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NPS Radioactive Ligand
Displacement (&#x000b5;M)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">MLS000558527</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3719993</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu2.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu2.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.26</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183143-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3490272</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu3.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu3.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">11.22</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.77</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183144-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3719993</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu4.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu4.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.24</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183145-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3932744</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu5.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu5.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">7.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.88</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183146-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109887</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu6.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu6.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.51</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00182492-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109889</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu7.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu7.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inactive</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00182493-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109890</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu8.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu8.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">15.85</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183147-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109888</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu9.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu9.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.58</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183148-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109892</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu10.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu10.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.51</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183149-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109893</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu11.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu11.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">17.78</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183150-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109894</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu12.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu12.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183151-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109895</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu13.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu13.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.41</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183154-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109896</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu14.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu14.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4.47</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183155-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109897</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu15.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu15.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183146-02</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109887</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu16.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu16.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">10.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00183153-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109898</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu17.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu17.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">14.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181360-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109899</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu18.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu18.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181361-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109900</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu19.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu19.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.58</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181367-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109901</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu20.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu20.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.24</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181368-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109902</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu21.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu21.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.58</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181369-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109903</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu22.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu22.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181370-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109904</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu23.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu23.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181371-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109905</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu24.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu24.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5.01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181372-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109906</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu25.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu25.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.58</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181373-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109907</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu26.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu26.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181374-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109908</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu27.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu27.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181375-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109909</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu28.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu28.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181376-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109910</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu29.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu29.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6.31</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181377-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109911</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu30.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu30.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3.16</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181378-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4464266</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu31.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu31.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1.00</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181381-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109912</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu32.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu32.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.79</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NCGC00181382-01</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">25109913</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu33.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu33.jpg" /></div>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.51</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.t9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.37</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f8"><div id="ml079.f8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f8.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Explanation for the lack of activity of NCGC-00182492 and NCGC-00182493." /></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Explanation for the lack of activity of NCGC-00182492 and
NCGC-00182493</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079f9"><div id="ml079.f9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Exploration%20of%20the%20substitution%20in%20the%20phenyl%20ring.&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=47358_ml079f9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079f9.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Exploration of the substitution in the phenyl ring." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Exploration of the substitution in the phenyl ring</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu2"><div id="ml079.fu2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu1.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu1" /></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079tu3"><div id="ml079.tu3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.tu3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Company Info:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Email:
<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="moc.slacimehcenifarorua@arorua" class="oemail">moc.slacimehcenifarorua@arorua</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalog Name:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aurora Screening Library</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Order Number:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">kbsa-0079914</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Company Info:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ambinter</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Email:
<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="moc.retnibma@tcatnoc" class="oemail">moc.retnibma@tcatnoc</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalog Name:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ambinter Stock Screening
Collection</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Order Number:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STOCK4S-75882</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Company Info:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scientific Exchange, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Email:
<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="moc.sdnuopmocsth@selas" class="oemail">moc.sdnuopmocsth@selas</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalog Name:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scientific Exchange Product List</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Order Number:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">F-055679</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Company Info:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ryan Scientific, Inc.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Email:
<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="moc.icsnayr@selas" class="oemail">moc.icsnayr@selas</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalog Name:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ryan Scientific Screening Library</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Order Number:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHAR116579</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Company Info:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interbioscreen Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Email:
<a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="ur.ghc.neercsbi@neercs" class="oemail">ur.ghc.neercsbi@neercs</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalog Name:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interbioscreen Compound Library</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Order Number:</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STOCK4S-75882</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu3"><div id="ml079.fu3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu35.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu35" /></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobml079tu4"><div id="ml079.tu4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK47358/table/ml079.tu4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ml079.tu4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[125I]NPS
Displacement</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cAMP IC50 (nM)</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium Mobilization IC50 (nM)</th><th id="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Functional Selectivity for
Ca++:cAMP</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SHA 68</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">583 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.9 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20:1</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MLS-000558527</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">256 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2990 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2666 nM</td><td headers="hd_h_ml079.tu4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1:1</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu4"><div id="ml079.fu4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu36.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu36" /></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu5"><div id="ml079.fu5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu37.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu37" /></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu6"><div id="ml079.fu6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu38.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu38" /></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu7"><div id="ml079.fu7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu39.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu39" /></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu8"><div id="ml079.fu8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu40.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu40" /></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobml079fu9"><div id="ml079.fu9" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK47358/bin/ml079fu41.jpg" alt="Image ml079fu41" /></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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