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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK99003_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK99003_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/cAbHER1-8B6-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/BPy-cRGDyK99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK99003_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>-Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK99003_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK99003_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">April 5, 2012</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 26, 2012</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK99003/table/cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtc_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>-Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibody fragment, nanobody</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesion molecule</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma planar imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&id=54648638" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=46249772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=7412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about VCAM-1.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Background"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Endothelial cells are important cells in inflammatory responses (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.1" data-bk-pop-others="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.2">1, 2</a>). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virus, inflammation, and tissue injury increase tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and other cytokine and chemokine secretion. Leukocyte emigration from blood is dependent on their ability to adhere to endothelial cell surfaces. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines induce chemokine secretion from endothelial cells and other vascular cells and increase their expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), integrins, and selectins. Chemokines are chemotactic toward leukocytes and toward sites of inflammation and tissue injury. The movement of leukocytes through endothelial junctions into the extravascular space is highly orchestrated through various interactions with different adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.3">3</a>).</p><p>VCAM-1 is found in very low amounts or is undetectable on the cell surface of resting endothelial cells and other vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.4" data-bk-pop-others="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.5 cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.6 cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.7 cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.8">4-8</a>). VCAM-1 binds to very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin on the cell surface of leukocytes. IL-1 and TNFα increase expression of VCAM-1 and other cell adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells, which leads to leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium. Furthermore, VCAM-1 expression is also induced by oxidized low-density lipoproteins under atherogenic conditions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.9">9</a>). Overexpression of VCAM-1 by atherosclerotic lesions plays an important role in their progression toward vulnerable plaques, which may erode and rupture. Microbubbles targeted with monoclonal antibody against VCAM-1 are being developed as a noninvasive agent for VCAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells during different stages of inflammation in atherosclerosis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.10">10</a>). Nanobodies are the smallest intact antigen-binding fragments (15 kDa) isolated from heavy-chain camelid antibodies with efficient and specific tumor targeting (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.11" data-bk-pop-others="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.12 cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.13">11-13</a>). Broisat et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>) evaluated ten anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies, of which cAbVCAM1-5 was the lead nanobody. cAbVCAM1-5 is cross-reactive for human VCAM-1 (hVCAM1) and mouse VCAM-1 (mVCAM1) with nanomolar affinities. cAbVCAM1-5 was radiolabeled with <sup>99m</sup>Tc using tricarbonyl chemistry (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5) for noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient (ApoE<sup>–/–</sup>) mice.</p><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=VCAM-1+AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>, <a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=cAbVCAM1-5%20AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">cAbVCAM1-5</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/7412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/192225" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Synthesis"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>cAbVCAM1-5 were produced as hexahistidine-tagged proteins in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>). A solution of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and nanobody cAbVCAM1-5 (pH 7–8) was incubated for 90 min at 60°C, with a radiochemical purity of >95%. The specific activity and yield of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 were not reported. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 was >98% intact for up to 6 h at 20°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbBcII10 was prepared similarly as a control.</p></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Testin"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_In_Vitro_Studies_Testin_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5%20and+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Binding experiments with cAbVCAM1-5 with the use of a Biacore sensor chip immobilized with mVCAM1 or hVCAM1 protein were performed (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>). The <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> values of cAbVCAM1-5 were calculated to be 2.0 nM and 6.5 nM for mVCAM1 and hVCAM1, respectively. cAbBcII10 showed no binding to mVCAM1 or hVCAM1.</p><p>Broisat et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>) performed cell uptake assays with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 (5 nmol) using mouse bEND5 endothelial cells. The assays were performed after incubation for 90 min at 37°C. High levels of radioactivity accumulated in bEND5 cells that were activated with TNFα compared to non-stimulated bEND5 cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Co-incubation with 500-fold excess unlabeled cAbVCAM1-5 almost completely inhibited the radioactivity in TNFα-activated bEND5 cells. Flow cytometry analysis also showed binding of cAbVCAM1-5 to TNFα-activated mouse and human endothelial cells, whereas cAbBcII10 showed no binding.</p></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5%20and+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Broisat et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>) performed <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies in ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice (<i>n</i> = 6/group) and control C57Bl/6J mice (<i>n</i> = 4/group) at 3 h after injection of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 or <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbBcII10. The accumulation of both tracers was highest in the kidneys (>222% ID/g) in both types of mice. The VCAM-1–positive organs from the ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice and the control mice, such as the spleen (9.2% <i>versus</i> 7.4% ID/g), thymus (1.7% <i>versus</i> 1.5% ID/g), and bone marrow (10.7% <i>versus</i> 7.9% ID/g), showed higher accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 than the control <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbBcII10 (0.1–1.0% ID/g) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 accumulation in the spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, thymus, liver, heart, and aortic arch lesions was significantly blocked (<i>P</i> < 0.05) by co-injection of 100-fold excess unlabeled cAbVCAM1-5 in ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice. The accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 correlated with the volume of the atherosclerotic lesions as measured with immunochemistry analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas no correlation with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbBcII10 was found.</p><p>SPECT imaging at 3 h after injection showed that the aortic arch/blood ratio for <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbVCAM1-5 was higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice (<i>n</i> = 6; 2.5 ± 0.2) than C57Bl/6J mice (<i>n</i> = 4; 1.2 ± 0.2), whereas little difference was observed with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-cAbBcII10 (1.0 ± 0.2 <i>versus</i> 0.8 ± 0.1) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">14</a>). The aortic arch lesions, kidneys, and urinary bladder were clearly visualized in the ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice. Co-injection of 100-fold excess unlabeled cAbVCAM1-5 abrogated the visualization of the lesions in the aortic arch but not the kidneys.</p></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Other_NonPrimate_Mammal"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5%20and+(dog+or+pig+or+sheep+or+rabbit)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5%20and+(primate+not+human)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=cAbVCAM1-5%20and+human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.References"><h2 id="_cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.1">Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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<em>Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Science. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">251</span>(4995):788–91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1990440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1990440</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.2">Lowe J.B.
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<em>Glycosylation in the control of selectin counter-receptor structure and function.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Immunol Rev. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">186</span>:19–36.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234359</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.3">Vanderslice P., Woodside D.G.
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<em>Integrin antagonists as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Opin Investig Drugs. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(10):1235–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16989599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.4">Bochner B.S., Luscinskas F.W., Gimbrone M.A. Jr, Newman W., Sterbinsky S.A., Derse-Anthony C.P., Klunk D., Schleimer R.P.
|
||
<em>Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Exp Med. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">173</span>(6):1553–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2190849/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2190849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1709678" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1709678</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.5">Kume N., Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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<em>Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1992;<span class="ref-vol">90</span>(3):1138–44.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC329976/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC329976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1381720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1381720</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.6">Leung K.H.
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<em>Release of soluble ICAM-1 from human lung fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and keratinocytes.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Biochem Biophys Res Commun. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">260</span>(3):734–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10403835" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10403835</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.7">Luscinskas F.W., Cybulsky M.I., Kiely J.M., Peckins C.S., Davis V.M., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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<em>Cytokine-activated human endothelial monolayers support enhanced neutrophil transmigration via a mechanism involving both endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Immunol. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">146</span>(5):1617–25.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1704400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1704400</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.8">Nagel T., Resnick N., Atkinson W.J., Dewey C.F. Jr, Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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||
<em>Shear stress selectively upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">94</span>(2):885–91.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC296171/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC296171</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7518844" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7518844</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.9">Aikawa M., Libby P.
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||
<em>The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: pathogenesis and therapeutic approach.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiovasc Pathol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>(3):125–38.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15081469" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15081469</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.10">Kaufmann B.A., Sanders J.M., Davis C., Xie A., Aldred P., Sarembock I.J., Lindner J.R.
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<em>Molecular imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis with targeted ultrasound detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Circulation. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">116</span>(3):276–84.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17592078" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17592078</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.11">Arbabi Ghahroudi M., Desmyter A., Wyns L., Hamers R., Muyldermans S.
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<em>Selection and identification of single domain antibody fragments from camel heavy-chain antibodies.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">FEBS Lett. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">414</span>(3):521–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9323027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9323027</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.12">Desmyter A., Decanniere K., Muyldermans S., Wyns L.
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<em>Antigen specificity and high affinity binding provided by one single loop of a camel single-domain antibody.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Biol Chem. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">276</span>(28):26285–90.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11342547" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11342547</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.13">Muyldermans S.
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<em>Single domain camel antibodies: current status.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Biotechnol. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">74</span>(4):277–302.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11526908" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11526908</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.REF.14">Broisat A., Hernot S., Toczek J., De Vos J., Riou L.M., Martin S., Ahmadi M., Thielens N., Wernery U., Caveliers V., Muyldermans S., Lahoutte T., Fagret D., Ghezzi C., Devoogdt N.
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<em>Nanobodies Targeting Mouse/Human VCAM1 for the Nuclear Imaging of Atherosclerotic Lesions.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Circ Res. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">110</span>(7):927–37.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3918224/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3918224</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461363" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22461363</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK99003</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22855969" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">22855969</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/cAbHER1-8B6-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/BPy-cRGDyK99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK99003/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK99003/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK99003" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK99003" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. 99mTc(CO)3-Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5. 2012 Apr 5 [Updated 2012 Jul 26]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK99003/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK99003.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (140K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Testin" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#cAbVCAM1-5-99mTc.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
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europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=2962006" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" 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