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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="[123I]Vascular endothelial growth factor" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2005/08/16" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641358" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23155/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="[123I]Vascular endothelial growth factor" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2005/08/16" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23155/" /><meta name="description" content="Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) consists of at least six isoforms of various number of amino acids (121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206) produced through alternative splicing (1). VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF189 are the major forms secreted by most cell types. They are active as homodimers linked by disulfide bonds. VEGF165 is the best-characterized VEGF species. VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor inducing proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. There are three high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR-1, Flt-1; VEGFR-2, KDR/Flt-1; and VEGFR-3, Flt-4) on endothelial cells. Several types of non-endothelial cells such as hematopoietic stem cells, melanoma cells, monocytes, osteoblasts and pancreatic beta cells also express VEGF receptors (1)." /><meta name="og:title" content="[123I]Vascular endothelial growth factor" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) consists of at least six isoforms of various number of amino acids (121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206) produced through alternative splicing (1). VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF189 are the major forms secreted by most cell types. They are active as homodimers linked by disulfide bonds. VEGF165 is the best-characterized VEGF species. VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor inducing proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. There are three high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR-1, Flt-1; VEGFR-2, KDR/Flt-1; and VEGFR-3, Flt-4) on endothelial cells. Several types of non-endothelial cells such as hematopoietic stem cells, melanoma cells, monocytes, osteoblasts and pancreatic beta cells also express VEGF receptors (1)." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23155/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/VEGF/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23155/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23155_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23155_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Iomazenil/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/BMIPP123I/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23155_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">[<sup>123</sup>I]Vascular endothelial growth factor </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub></div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23155_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23155_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">April 18, 2005</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">August 16, 2005</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="VEGF.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23155/table/VEGF.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__VEGF.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">[<sup>123</sup>I]Vascular endothelial growth factor</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">[<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
|
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Polypeptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Target:</b>
|
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">VEGF receptors</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Target Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SPECT, planar</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><sup>123</sup>I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Humans
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&val=71051581" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001025368.1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=7422" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about VEGF.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="VEGF.Background"><h2 id="_VEGF_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) consists of at least six isoforms of various number of amino acids (121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206) produced through alternative splicing (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). VEGF<sub>121</sub>, VEGF<sub>165</sub> and VEGF<sub>189</sub> are the major forms secreted by most cell types. They are active as homodimers linked by disulfide bonds. VEGF<sub>165</sub> is the best-characterized VEGF species. VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor inducing proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. There are three high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR-1, Flt-1; VEGFR-2, KDR/Flt-1; and VEGFR-3, Flt-4) on endothelial cells. Several types of non-endothelial cells such as hematopoietic stem cells, melanoma cells, monocytes, osteoblasts and pancreatic beta cells also express VEGF receptors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.1">1</a>).</p><p>VEGF receptors were found to be overexpressed in various tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.2">2</a>). Inhibition of VEGF receptor function has been shown to inhibit pathological angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.3">3</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.4">4</a>). [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> was developed as a SPECT tracer for imaging solid tumors and angiogenesis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.5">5</a>).</p></div><div id="VEGF.Synthesis"><h2 id="_VEGF_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>VEGF<sub>165</sub> was labeled with sodium [<sup>123</sup>I]iodide by electrophilic radioiodination using the chloramine-T method (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.5">5</a>). This method gave a radiochemical yield of >25% and a radiochemical purity of >97% in a specific activity of 42.3 mCi/nmol (1.66 GBq/nmol).</p></div><div id="VEGF.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_VEGF_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>[<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> (0.001 n<span class="small-caps">m</span>) induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and A431 mammary carcinoma cells to a similar extent as unlabeled VEGF<sub>165</sub> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.5">5</a>). Two classes of high-affinity [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub>-binding sites (<i>B</i><sub>max1</sub> = 518 sites/cell, <i>K</i><sub><i>d1</i></sub> = 26 p<span class="small-caps">m</span> and <i>B</i><sub>max2</sub> = 6,100 sites/cell, <i>K</i><sub><i>d2</i></sub> = 2.07 n<span class="small-caps">m</span>) were found on the cell surfaces of HUVECs. In contrast, one class of binding site (<i>B</i><sub>max</sub> = 1,290-3,540 sites/cell and <i>K</i><sub><i>d</i></sub> = 88-167 pM) was found on various human cell lines such as HMC-1 mast cells, A431 mammary carcinoma, HEP-G2 hepatoma, HEP-1 hepatic endothelioma, and U937 monocyte cells as well as many human primary tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.5">5</a>). No specific binding sites were detected in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma cells as compared with differentiated adenocarcinoma cells (<i>B</i><sub>max</sub> = 15.6 fmol/10<sup>7</sup> cells, <i>K</i><sub><i>d</i></sub> = 143 p<span class="small-caps">m</span>) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). Tumor cells expressed a significantly higher number of [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> binding sites on their cell surfaces than normal blood cells and adjacent normal tissues (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.5">5</a>).</p></div><div id="VEGF.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_VEGF_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="VEGF.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Cornelissen et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.7">7</a>) performed biodistribution and imaging studies of [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> in normal mice. The organs with the highest accumulation were the kidneys (30.1 ± 11.2% ID at 1.5 min), liver (14.6 ± 4.9% ID at 1.5 min) and stomach (13.2 ± 3.5% ID at 3 h). Low background activity was observed in the lungs, heart, body and head (containing the thyroid, which was not dissected separately). Bladder content radioactivity was found to be high. Background levels in the lungs and intestines were low, as shown by both biodistribution and planar gamma camera images. Biodistribution in A2058 tumor-bearing nude mice showed tumor/thigh ratios of 0.40 ± 0.14, 6.12 ± 2.11, 1.16 ± 0.30 and 0.48 ± 0.12 at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after injection, respectively. Other organs did not differ significantly from the results obtained from normal mice. Co-injection of 80 μg of VEGF<sub>165</sub> resulted in a significant decrease of the tumor/thigh from 6.01 ± 1.95 to 1.30±0.34 (<i>P</i><.05) at 2 h after injection. Tumor/thigh ratio of the CAPAN-II-(VEGF receptor negative) bearing mice was 1.11±0.23.</p></div><div id="VEGF.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20rabbit%20OR%20pig%20OR%20sheep%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="VEGF.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20%28primate%20NOT%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="VEGF.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_VEGF_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I-VEGF%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>[<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> (184 ± 18 MBq, 5 ± 0.5 mCi; 0.13 nmol) was administered intravenously to 18 patients with gastrointestinal tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.8">8</a>). SPECT images with [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> were compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Binding of [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> to primary tumors and metastases was visible shortly after injection. In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, primary tumors were visualized by imaging in 7 of 9, lymph node metastases in 3 of 4, liver metastases in 3 of 6 and lung metastases in 1 of 3. Cholangiocarcinomas were visualized by imaging in 1 of 2 patients. Hepatocellular carcinomas were visible by imaging in 2 of 4 patients. [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> images were weakly positive in one patient with abdominal schwannoma and in 1 patient with peritoneal carcinosis. A ring-shaped tracer accumulation around the necrotic tumors was observed. [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> SPECT provided an overall specificity of 58% and CT/MRI provided a specificity of 95%.</p><p>Human dosimetry of [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> was determined from blood samples and SPECT images in 9 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after intravenous injection of 189 ± 17 MBq (5.1 ± 0.5 mCi). [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> disappeared rapidly from the blood to 4% in 30 min postinjection (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VEGF.EXTYLES.6">6</a>).High uptake in the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen was observed in 30 min. There was a rapid uptake of the tracer by the primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma (tumor/background ratios, 1.3 to 2.7) within 30 min by SPECT scans. The images were still visible at 3 h. The overall sensitivity of [<sup>123</sup>I]VEGF<sub>165</sub> scintigraphy for detecting primary pancreatic tumors and their metastases was 64% (14 of 22 lesions) visualizing primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 7 of 9 patients (sensitivity, 78%). The effective dose was estimated to be 0.017 mSv/MBq (63 mrem/mCi). The organ that received the highest dose was the thyroid (0.058 mGy/MBq or 0.21 rad/mCi), followed by the spleen (0.046 mGy/MBq or 0.17 rad/mCi), urinary bladder (0.040 mGy/MBq or 0.15 rad/mCi), lungs (0.034 mGy/MBq or 0.13 rad/mCi) kidneys (0.033 mGy/MBq or 0.12 rad/mCi), and liver (0.029 mGy/MBq or 0.11 rad/mCi).</p></div><div id="VEGF.references"><h2 id="_VEGF_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.1">Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. <span><span class="ref-journal">Endocr Rev. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>25</strong>
|
||
</span>(4):581–611.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15294883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15294883</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.2">Soria J.C. , Fayette J. , Armand J.P. Molecular targeting: targeting angiogenesis in solid tumors. <strong>Suppl 4</strong><span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Oncol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>15</strong>
|
||
</span>:iv223–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15477311" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15477311</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.3">Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a target for anticancer therapy. <strong>Suppl 1</strong><span><span class="ref-journal">Oncologist. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>9</strong>
|
||
</span>:2–10.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15178810" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15178810</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.4">Hicklin D.J. , Ellis L.M. Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>23</strong>
|
||
</span>(5):1011–27.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15585754" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15585754</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.5">Li S. , Peck-Radosavljevic M. , Koller E. , Koller F. , Kaserer K. , Kreil A. , Kapiotis S. , Hamwi A. , Weich H.A. , Valent P. , Angelberger P. , Dudczak R. , Virgolini I. Characterization of (123)I-vascular endothelial growth factor-binding sites expressed on human tumour cells: possible implication for tumour scintigraphy. <span><span class="ref-journal">Int J Cancer. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>91</strong>
|
||
</span>(6):789–96.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11275981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11275981</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.6">Li S. , Peck-Radosavljevic M. , Kienast O. , Preitfellner J. , Havlik E. , Schima W. , Traub-Weidinger T. , Graf S. , Beheshti M. , Schmid M. , Angelberger P. , Dudczak R. Iodine-123-vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (123I-VEGF165). Biodistribution, safety and radiation dosimetry in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>48</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):198–206.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499293" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15499293</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.7">Cornelissen B. , Oltenfreiter R. , Kersemans V. , Staelens L. , Frankenne F. , Foidart J.M. , Slegers G. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of [123I]-VEGF165 as a potential tumor marker. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>32</strong>
|
||
</span>(5):431–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15982572" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15982572</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VEGF.EXTYLES.8">Li S. , Peck-Radosavljevic M. , Kienast O. , Preitfellner J. , Hamilton G. , Kurtaran A. , Pirich C. , Angelberger P. , Dudczak R. Imaging gastrointestinal tumours using vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) receptor scintigraphy. <span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Oncol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>14</strong>
|
||
</span>(8):1274–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12881392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12881392</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23155</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641358" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641358</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Iomazenil/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/BMIPP123I/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23155/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23155/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23155" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23155" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. [123I]Vascular endothelial growth factor. 2005 Apr 18 [Updated 2005 Aug 16]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23155/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23155.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (129K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#VEGF.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#VEGF.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#VEGF.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#VEGF.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#VEGF.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#VEGF.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="(Optical AND (64Cu OR 111In OR 177Lu))">Optical and
|
||
radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
|
||
europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option 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receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1513370" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641207" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (125)I-Vascular endothelial growth factor-121.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (125)I-Vascular endothelial growth factor-121.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641875" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (99m)Tc-Hydrazinonicotinic acid-single-chain Cys-tagged vascular endothelial growth factor-121.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (99m)Tc-Hydrazinonicotinic acid-single-chain Cys-tagged vascular endothelial growth factor-121.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/23741766" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (68)Ga-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-vascular endothelial growth factor-121.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (68)Ga-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-vascular endothelial growth factor-121.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641371" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Cy5.5-Single-chain Cys-tagged vascular endothelial growth factor-121.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div 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growth factor-121(D63AE64AE67A).</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (64)Cu-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-vascular endothelial growth factor-121(D63AE64AE67A).<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=20641358" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" 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