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<title>Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2008/04/21" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641464" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23262/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2008/04/21" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23262/" /><meta name="description" content="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps information about tissues spatially and functionally. 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Most contrast agents affect the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the surrounding nuclei, mainly the protons of water. T2* is the spin–spin relaxation time composed of variations from molecular interactions and intrinsic magnetic heterogeneities of tissues in the magnetic field (1). Cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles and other iron oxide formulations affect T2 primarily and lead to decreased signals. 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23262_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23262_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MDA2-LUSPIO/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/VCAM-MPIO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23262_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23262_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23262_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
|
||
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 8, 2008</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">April 21, 2008</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23262/table/VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
|
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">M/K-2.7-MPIO-RB40.34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibody</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibody-antigen binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Source of signal/contrast:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iron oxide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
|
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||
</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&id=54648638" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=46249772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=7412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about VCAM-1.<br />Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&val=200553" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=6031196" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=6403" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about P-selectin.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Background"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps information about tissues spatially and functionally. Protons (hydrogen nuclei) are widely used to create images because of their abundance in water molecules, which comprise >80% of most soft tissues. The contrast of proton MRI images depends mainly on the nuclear density (proton spins), the relaxation times of the nuclear magnetization (T<sub>1</sub>, longitudinal; T<sub>2</sub>, transverse), the magnetic environment of the tissues, and the blood flow to the tissues. However, insufficient contrast between normal and diseased tissues requires the use of contrast agents. Most contrast agents affect the T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times of the surrounding nuclei, mainly the protons of water. T<sub>2</sub>* is the spin–spin relaxation time composed of variations from molecular interactions and intrinsic magnetic heterogeneities of tissues in the magnetic field (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.1">1</a>). Cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles and other iron oxide formulations affect T<sub>2</sub> primarily and lead to decreased signals. On the other hand, paramagnetic T<sub>1</sub> agents such as gadolinium (Gd<sup>3+</sup>) and manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) accelerate T<sub>1</sub> relaxation and lead to brighter contrast images.</p><p>Endothelial cells are important cells in inflammatory responses (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.2">2</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.3">3</a>). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virus, inflammation, and tissue injury increase tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and other cytokine and chemokine secretion. Emigration of leukocytes from blood is dependent on their ability to roll along endothelial cell surfaces and subsequently adhere to endothelial cell surfaces. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines induce chemokine secretion from endothelial cells and other vascular cells and increase their expression of cell-surface adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), integrins, and selectins. Chemokines are chemotactic toward leukocytes and toward sites of inflammation and tissue injury. The movements of leukocytes through endothelial junctions into the extravascular space are highly orchestrated through various interactions with different adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.4">4</a>).</p><p>P-selectin is found on the cell surface of endothelial cells and platelets (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.3">3</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.5">5</a>). It binds to glycoproteins on the cell surface of leukocytes. P-selectin and other selectins are involved in rolling and arresting leukocytes on the endothelium. VCAM-1 is found in very low levels on the cell surface of resting endothelial cells and other vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.6">6-10</a>). VCAM-1 binds to its counterligand, very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin, on the cell surface of leukocytes. IL-1 and TNFα increase expression of VCAM-1, P-selectin, and other cell adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelial cells, which leads to leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium. Furthermore, VCAM-1 expression was also induced by oxidized low-density lipoproteins under atherogenic conditions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.11">11</a>). Overexpression of VCAM-1 by atherosclerotic lesions plays an important role in their progression to vulnerable plaques, which may erode and rupture. Microparticles of iron oxide (MPIOs) are composed of iron particles with diameters of ~4.5 µm. MPIO targeted with anti-VCAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin mAb RB40.34 (VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin) is being developed as a non-invasive, dual-targeted agent for VCAM-1 and P-selectin expression in vascular endothelial cells during different stages of inflammation in atherosclerosis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.12">12</a>).</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Synthesis"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The synthesis of VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin was described by McAteer et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.12">12</a>). The p-toluenesulphonyl-MPIOs were commercially available (Invitrogen). M/K-2.7 and RB40.34 mAbs (2.5 µg of each/10<sup>7</sup> MPIO) were incubated with the activated MPIO at 37°C for 20 h. Single-targeted VCAM-MPIO or P-selectin-MPIO and IgG control MPIO (IgG-MPIO) were prepared in the same way with 5 µg of each mAb. MPIOs were washed and incubated with 0.1% BSA at 37°C for 4 h to block the remaining activated sites.</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>McAteer et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.12">12</a>) performed <i>in vitro</i> cell-binding assays with VCAM-MPIO using mouse sEND-1 endothelial cells. Using light microscopy, VCAM-MPIO bound to only TNF-activated sEND-1 cells (R<sub>2</sub> = 0.94, <i>P</i> = 0.03) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas IgG-MPIO did not. A corresponding decrease in MRI signal intensity of MPIO was observed MRI images at 11.7 T (R<sub>2</sub> = 0.98, <i>P</i> = 0.01), indicating the presence of VCAM-MPIO on the cell surface. VCAM-MPIO binding was blocked by pre-incubation with soluble VCAM-1 and not with ICAM-1. Unconjugated MPIO were phagocytosed by mouse peritoneal macrophages and not by sEND-1 cells.</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin (6 × 10<sup>7</sup> MPIO, 30 mg iron/kg) was administered in apolipoprotein E<sup>-/-</sup> mice (<i>n</i> = 6) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.12">12</a>). Using light microscopy, the number of dual-targeted MPIOs that bound to endothelium overlying aortic root atherosclerosis was 5.9-fold more than P-selectin-MPIOs (16.1 ± 2.7 per section) (<i>n</i> = 4) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and 4.5-fold more than VCAM-MPIOs (12.9 ± 4.2) (<i>n</i> = 7) (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The number of IgG<sub>1</sub>-MPIOs that bound was 1.7 ± 4.2. VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin was injected intravenously in apolipoprotein E<sup>-/-</sup> mice <i>via</i> the jugular vein (<i>n</i> = 4). The number of VCAM-MPIO-P-selectin that bound aortic root endothelium was quantifiable with <i>ex vivo</i> MRI (2.5-fold increase <i>versus</i> IgG<sub>1</sub>-MPIO (14 ± 4.2 <i>versus</i> 4 ± 1.8); <i>P</i> < 0.01). The MPIOs were well tolerated in apolipoprotein E<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and histological examination showed that the lungs had high accumulation at 30 min after injection with redistribution to the spleen and liver at 24 h. No blocking experiments were performed.</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+(dog+or+pig+or+sheep+or+rabbit)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+(primate%20not%20human)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+MPIO+Selectin+human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.references"><h2 id="_VCAM-MPIO-Selectin_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.1">Wang Y.X. , Hussain S.M. , Krestin G.P. Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Radiol. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>11</strong>
|
||
</span>(11):2319–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11702180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11702180</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.2">Cybulsky M.I. , Gimbrone M.A. Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Science. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>251</strong>
|
||
</span>(4995):788–91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1990440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1990440</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.3">Lowe J.B. Glycosylation in the control of selectin counter-receptor structure and function. <span><span class="ref-journal">Immunol Rev. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>186</strong>
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||
</span>:19–36.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234359</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.4">Vanderslice P. , Woodside D.G. Integrin antagonists as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. <span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Opin Investig Drugs. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>15</strong>
|
||
</span>(10):1235–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16989599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.5">Chen M. , Geng J.G. <span><span class="ref-journal">and P-selectin mediates adhesion of leukocytes, platelets, and cancer cells in inflammation, thrombosis, and cancer growth and metastasis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). </span>2006</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16648968" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16648968</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.6">Bochner B.S. , Luscinskas F.W. , Gimbrone M.A. , Newman W. , Sterbinsky S.A. , Derse-Anthony C.P. , Klunk D. , Schleimer R.P. Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Exp Med. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>173</strong>
|
||
</span>(6):1553–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2190849/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2190849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1709678" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1709678</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.7">Kume N. , Cybulsky M.I. , Gimbrone M.A. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1992;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>90</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):1138–44.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC329976/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC329976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1381720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1381720</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.8">Leung K.H. Release of soluble ICAM-1 from human lung fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Biochem Biophys Res Commun. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>260</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):734–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10403835" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10403835</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.9">Luscinskas F.W. , Cybulsky M.I. , Kiely J.M. , Peckins C.S. , Davis V.M. , Gimbrone M.A. Cytokine-activated human endothelial monolayers support enhanced neutrophil transmigration via a mechanism involving both endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Immunol. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>146</strong>
|
||
</span>(5):1617–25.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1704400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1704400</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.10">Nagel T. , Resnick N. , Atkinson W.J. , Dewey C.F. , Gimbrone M.A. Shear stress selectively upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>94</strong>
|
||
</span>(2):885–91.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC296171/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC296171</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7518844" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7518844</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.11">Aikawa M. , Libby P. The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: pathogenesis and therapeutic approach. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiovasc Pathol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>13</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):125–38.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15081469" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15081469</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.REF.12">McAteer M.A. , Schneider J.E. , Ali Z.A. , Warrick N. , Bursill C.A. , von zur Muhlen C. , Greaves D.R. , Neubauer S. , Channon K.M. , Choudhury R.P. Magnetic resonance imaging of endothelial adhesion molecules in mouse atherosclerosis using dual-targeted microparticles of iron oxide. <span><span class="ref-journal">Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>28</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):77–83.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3481783/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3481783</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17962629" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17962629</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23262</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641464" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641464</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MDA2-LUSPIO/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/VCAM-MPIO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23262/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23262/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23262" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23262" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule antibody M/K-2.7 and anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34 conjugated microparticles of iron oxide. 2008 Mar 8 [Updated 2008 Apr 21]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23262/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23262.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (132K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#VCAM-MPIO-Selectin.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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