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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2010/03/25" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641977" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26804/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2010/03/25" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26804/" /><meta name="description" content="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps information about tissues spatially and functionally. 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Most contrast agents affect the T1 and T2 relaxation of the surrounding nuclei, mainly the protons of water. T2* is the spin–spin relaxation time composed of variations from molecular interactions and intrinsic magnetic heterogeneities of tissues in the magnetic field (1). Cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) and other iron oxide formulations affect T2 primarily and lead to a decreased signal. 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK26804_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK26804_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/USPIO-R826/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Z342-PEG-IO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK26804_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">USPIO-PHO</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK26804_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK26804_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">February 23, 2010</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">March 25, 2010</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="USPIO-PHO.T.nc_Chemical_nameUltrasmall_s" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK26804/table/USPIO-PHO.T.nc_Chemical_nameUltrasmall_s/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__USPIO-PHO.T.nc_Chemical_nameUltrasmall_s_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">USPIO-PHO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ß-amyloid (Aß<sub>42</sub>) peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acceptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iron oxide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No structure is available in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.Background"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) maps information about tissues spatially and functionally. Protons (hydrogen nuclei) are widely used to create images because of their abundance in water molecules, which comprise >80% of most soft tissues. The contrast of proton MRI images depends mainly on the density of nuclear (proton spins), the relaxation times of the nuclear magnetization (T1, longitudinal; T2, transverse), the magnetic environment of the tissues, and the blood flow to the tissues. However, insufficient contrast between normal and diseased tissues requires the use of contrast agents. Most contrast agents affect the T1 and T2 relaxation of the surrounding nuclei, mainly the protons of water. T2* is the spin–spin relaxation time composed of variations from molecular interactions and intrinsic magnetic heterogeneities of tissues in the magnetic field (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.1">1</a>). Cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) and other iron oxide formulations affect T2 primarily and lead to a decreased signal. On the other hand, the paramagnetic T1 agents, such as gadolinium (Gd<sup>3+</sup>), and manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>), accelerate T1 relaxation and lead to brighter contrast images.</p><p>The superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) structure is composed of ferric iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) and ferrous iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>). The iron oxide particles are coated with a protective layer of dextran or other polysaccharide. These particles have large combined magnetic moments or spins, which are randomly rotated in the absence of an applied magnetic field. SPIO is used mainly as a T2 contrast agent in MRI, though it can shorten both T1 and T2/T2* relaxation processes. SPIO particle uptake into reticuloendothelial system (RES) is by endocytosis or phagocytosis. SPIO particles are also taken up by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and oligodendroglial cells. A variety of cells can also be labeled with these particles for cell trafficking and tumor-specific molecular imaging studies. SPIO agents are classified by their sizes with coating material (~20–3,500 nm in diameter) as large SPIO (LSPIO) nanoparticles, standard SPIO (SSPIO) nanoparticles, ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO) nanoparticles, and monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) (1). </p><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.2">2</a>). It is characterized pathologically by neuronal loss with the presence in the brain of senile plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.3" data-bk-pop-others="USPIO-PHO.REF.4">3, 4</a>). Accelerated deposition of Aβ deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with AD. Early diagnosis of AD is important for treatment consideration and disease management (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.5">5</a>). Several radioligands for positron emission tomography have been developed (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.6" data-bk-pop-others="USPIO-PHO.REF.7 USPIO-PHO.REF.8">6-8</a>) and tested in humans as <i>in vivo</i> diagnostic tools for molecular imaging and measuring the formation of Aβ deposits (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.8">8</a>). USPIO is composed of iron nanoparticles 4–6 nm in diameter, and the hydrodynamic diameter with polyethylene glycol or dextran coating is 20–50 nm. USPIO nanoparticles have a long plasma half-life because of their small size. The blood pool half-life of plasma relaxation times is calculated at ~24 h in humans (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.9">9</a>) and 2 h in mice (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.10">10</a>). Because of its long blood half-life, USPIO can be used as a blood pool agent during the early phase of intravenous administration (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.11">11</a>). In the late phase, USPIO is suitable for the evaluation of RES in the body, particularly in lymph nodes (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.12">12</a>). A cyclic peptide, Cys-Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn-Cys, was identified with phage screening against Aβ<sub>42</sub> peptide (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.13">13</a>). Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn (PHO) was synthesized and conjugated to dextran-coated USPIO to form USPIO-PHO for MRI of Aβ<sub>42</sub> in the brain.</p><div id="USPIO-PHO.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=amyloid+AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chapters in MICAD</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/351" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amyloid</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/omim/?term=Amyloid" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Articles in OMIM</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Amyloid" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amyloid</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug information in FDA (<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=Amyloid+inhibitor&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=16&y=16" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amyloid inhibitors</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.Synthesis"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>PHO peptide was linked covalently to USPIO with the reactive alkyl halogen end of epichlohydrin binding to the hydroxyls of dextran coating of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles (USPIO) to obtain a terminal glycidyl ether derivatives, which were then reacted with the amine group of the peptide (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.13">13</a>). Longitudinal (<i>r</i><sub>1</sub>) and transverse (<i>r</i><sub>2</sub>) relaxivities (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) efficiency expressed in s−<sup>1</sup>mM−<sup>1</sup>) of USPIO-PHO were measured at 37°C and 20 MHz (<i>r</i><sub>1</sub> = 32.26, <i>r</i><sub>2</sub> = 85.32, and <i>r</i><sub>2</sub>/<i>r</i><sub>1</sub> = 2.64) and 60 MHz (<i>r</i><sub>1</sub> = 13.50, <i>r</i><sub>2</sub> = 83.75, and <i>r</i><sub>2</sub>/<i>r</i><sub>1</sub> = 6.20). The number of PHO peptides per USPIO was not reported.</p></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Larbanoix et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.13">13</a>) performed <i>in vitro</i> binding of USPIO-PHO to mouse Aβ<sub>42</sub>. USPIO-PHO had a binding affinity of 0.12 nM as determined with NMR relaxometry. USPIO did not bind to mouse Aβ<sub>42</sub>.</p></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="USPIO-PHO.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Larbanoix et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#USPIO-PHO.REF.13">13</a>) performed <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution in rats (<i>n</i> = 3/group) after injection of UPSIO-PHO or USPIO. UPSIO-PHO (0.1 mmol Fe/kg) had a blood half-life for elimination of 779 min, which was longer than that of USPIO (255 min). A majority of iron was found in the lungs and liver for both nanoparticles. There was a significant contrast enhancement of USPIO-PHO in the brain compared to USPIO (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In another experiment, USPIO-PHO nanoparticles (0.08 mmol Fe/kg) were injected intravenously to a double transgenic APP/PS1 mouse after injection of 25% mannitol to open up the brain–blood barrier. MRI imaging was performed at 4.7 T. There was a signal decrease of 48% in the cortex and striatum areas at 9 min, and the signal stayed constant up to 87 min after injection of the nanoparticles. In contrast, there was only ~15% maximum signal decrease in these brain areas in the wild-type mouse at 32 min after injection. Histological staining of Fe in the brain sections of APP/PS1 mice showed that there was a large amount of Fe in the brain section incubated with USPIO-PHO but not with USPIO. The Fe staining colocalized with the core of neuritic plaques (Sirius red staining). No blocking experiment was performed.</p></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=USPIO-PHO%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="USPIO-PHO.References"><h2 id="_USPIO-PHO_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.1">Wang Y.X., Hussain S.M., Krestin G.P.
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<em>Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Radiol. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">11</span>(11):2319–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11702180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11702180</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.2">Forstl H., Kurz A.
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<em>Clinical features of Alzheimer's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">249</span>(6):288–90.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10653284" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10653284</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.3">Hardy J.
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<em>The relationship between amyloid and tau.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Mol Neurosci. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">20</span>(2):203–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12794314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12794314</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.4">Brandt R., Leschik J.
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<em>Functional interactions of tau and their relevance for Alzheimer's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Alzheimer Res. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">1</span>(4):255–69.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15975055" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15975055</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.5">de Leon M.J., DeSanti S., Zinkowski R., Mehta P.D., Pratico D., Segal S., Clark C., Kerkman D., DeBernardis J., Li J., Lair L., Reisberg B., Tsui W., Rusinek H.
|
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<em>MRI and CSF studies in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Intern Med. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">256</span>(3):205–23.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15324364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15324364</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.6">Nordberg A.
|
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<em>PET imaging of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Neurol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(9):519–27.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15324720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15324720</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.7">Bacskai B.J., Hickey G.A., Skoch J., Kajdasz S.T., Wang Y., Huang G.F., Mathis C.A., Klunk W.E., Hyman B.T.
|
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<em>Four-dimensional multiphoton imaging of brain entry, amyloid binding, and clearance of an amyloid-beta ligand in transgenic mice.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">100</span>(21):12462–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC218780/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC218780</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14517353" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14517353</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.8">Wu C., Pike V.W., Wang Y.
|
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<em>Amyloid imaging: from benchtop to bedside.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Top Dev Biol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">70</span>:171–213.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16338342" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16338342</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.9">McLachlan S.J., Morris M.R., Lucas M.A., Fisco R.A., Eakins M.N., Fowler D.R., Scheetz R.B., Olukotun A.Y.
|
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<em>Phase I clinical evaluation of a new iron oxide MR contrast agent.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Magn Reson Imaging. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">4</span>(3):301–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8061425" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8061425</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.10">Weissleder R., Elizondo G., Wittenberg J., Rabito C.A., Bengele H.H., Josephson L.
|
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<em>Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: characterization of a new class of contrast agents for MR imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Radiology. </span>1990;<span class="ref-vol">175</span>(2):489–93.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2326474" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2326474</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.11">Stillman A.E., Wilke N., Li D., Haacke M., McLachlan S.
|
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<em>Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide to enhance MRA of the renal and coronary arteries: studies in human patients.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Comput Assist Tomogr. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">20</span>(1):51–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8576482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8576482</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.12">Anzai Y., Piccoli C.W., Outwater E.K., Stanford W., Bluemke D.A., Nurenberg P., Saini S., Maravilla K.R., Feldman D.E., Schmiedl U.P., Brunberg J.A., Francis I.R., Harms S.E., Som P.M., Tempany C.M.
|
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<em>Evaluation of neck and body metastases to nodes with ferumoxtran 10-enhanced MR imaging: phase III safety and efficacy study.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Radiology. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">228</span>(3):777–88.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12954896" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12954896</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="USPIO-PHO.REF.13">Larbanoix, L., C. Burtea, S. Laurent, F. Van Leuven, G. Toubeau, L.V. Elst, and R.N. Muller, <em>Potential amyloid plaque-specific peptides for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.</em> Neurobiol Aging, 2008. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19027991" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19027991</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK26804</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641977" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641977</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/USPIO-R826/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Z342-PEG-IO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK26804/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK26804/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK26804" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK26804" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn. 2010 Feb 23 [Updated 2010 Mar 25]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK26804/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK26804.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (138K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#USPIO-PHO.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR 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href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1967748" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641914" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Octreotide conjugated to pegylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div 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