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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK22974_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK22974_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/AvTMQ7/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sostetramethyrhodamine/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK22974_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Trastuzumab conjugated to tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine-QSY<sup>®</sup>7</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Traz-TM-Q7</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Arvind Chopra</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK22974_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK22974_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Arvind Chopra</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a></div></div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 2, 2009</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">April 6, 2009</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="TrazTMQ7.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK22974/table/TrazTMQ7.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__TrazTMQ7.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trastuzumab conjugated to tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine-QSY<sup>®</sup>7</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Traz-TM-Q7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor ligand</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Optical imaging: fluorescence</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal / contrast:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yes</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click here for information regarding <a href="/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=1956&log$=databasead&logdbfrom=protein" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">human EGFR.</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Background"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=fluorophore+quencher+optical+probes" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Early detection of cancer helps in the development of a proper treatment and monitoring regimen that may result in a suitable prognosis for the patient (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.1" data-bk-pop-others="TrazTMQ7.REF.2 TrazTMQ7.REF.3">1-3</a>). Although invasive methods are often used for the detection of cancer, these procedures have limitations because they may detect the neoplasm only in a specific location and cannot determine whether the cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body. In addition, the various imaging techniques and modalities available for the non-invasive detection of cancer have low sensitivity and resolution, which are insufficient to detect and quantify microscopic tumors or a small cluster of cancerous cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.4">4</a>), and some of the contrast agents used for imaging purposes are known to have toxic side effects (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.5">5</a>). An attractive alternative to radionuclides or contrast agents is the use of fluorescent optical imaging agents that was used to visualize and manage or treat clinical pathologies, including that of cancer in small animals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.6" data-bk-pop-others="TrazTMQ7.REF.7 TrazTMQ7.REF.8 TrazTMQ7.REF.9">6-9</a>). However, fluorescent dyes used for imaging can be toxic or nonspecific, and the signal generated by these agents may be masked by autofluorescence, leading to a low signal/background ratio (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.10">10</a>). Investigators have proposed the use of targeted fluorescent probes as a solution to improve the signal/background ratio with optical imaging agents, and it was shown that a fluorescent dye conjugated to avidin or a monoclonal antibody (MAb) such as trastuzumab (Traz) can be used to detect submillimeter disseminated tumors under <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> conditions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.11" data-bk-pop-others="TrazTMQ7.REF.12 TrazTMQ7.REF.13">11-13</a>). It is important to mention here that currently fluorescent dyes can be used only to visualize only surface tumors or after exposure of the tumor if it is present in a body cavity (e. g. peritoneum).</p><p>The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER; it has several isoforms: HER1, HER2, HER3, and HER4) plays an important role in the development of various neoplasms (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.14" data-bk-pop-others="TrazTMQ7.REF.15 TrazTMQ7.REF.16">14-16</a>). Once a ligand is bound to HER, a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is activated, which initiates cell growth and division that can lead to the development and progression of cancer. Soon after the signaling pathway is activated, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized by the cell for inactivation by enzymatic digestion in the lysosome (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.17">17</a>). Because of their role in the cancer process, several commercially available humanized MAbs directed toward HER, including Traz, are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Traz specifically targets the HER2 receptor and is used either as a primary agent or as an adjuvant for the treatment of breast cancer in the clinical setting (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.18">18</a>). It is also under investigation in several <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=trastuzumab" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials</a> for the treatment of other neoplasms.</p><p>Ogawa et al. proposed the use of fluorophores that could be activated only after binding to the target to further improve the target/background ratios obtained with the optical imaging agents (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). These investigators developed a targeted and activatable fluorophore-quencher (FQ) probe that could be used for the optical imaging of tumors. The chemical structure of the FQ probe was designed so that, in the native state, the signal from the fluorophore is quenched by a quencher molecule. However, a fluorescence signal would be obtained from the fluorophore only after the FQ probe was bound to, internalized, and activated (by degradation of the targeting molecule, in this case the MAb) in the target cells. The mechanism of quenching and generating fluorescence from the FQ probe is discussed in detail elsewhere (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.19">19</a>). Ogawa et al. investigated the use of tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine (TAMRA, fluorophore)-QSY<sup>®</sup>7 (quencher) pair conjugated to Traz (Traz-TM-Q7) for the detection of cancer cells under <i>in vitro</i> conditions and in mice bearing NIH3T3 cell tumors. These cells had previously been transfected with the HER2 gene (3T3/HER2+). Normal NIH3T3 cells (Balb/3T3/Her2-) cells were used as controls for this study (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>).</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Synthesis"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=TAMRA+QSY7+avidin+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The synthesis of Traz-TM-Q7 was described by Ogawa et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). Briefly, Traz was incubated with QSY<sup>®</sup>7-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide) in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>) (pH 8.5) for 30 min at room temperature. The Traz- QSY<sup>®</sup>7 conjugate was purified on a Sephadex G50 column, concentrated, and added to a solution of TAMRA-NHS. The mixture was incubated as described above, and the final product, Traz-TM-Q7, was purified on a Sephadex G50 column. Purified Traz-TM-Q7 was stored at 4°C until needed. The stability of Traz-TM-Q7 under these storage conditions was not reported. Approximately one and three molecules of TAMRA and QSY<sup>®</sup>7, respectively, were reported to be conjugated to each molecule of Traz, as determined with a spectroscopic system after denaturation with 5% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). A TAMRA conjugate of Traz (Traz-TM) was also generated by incubating Traz with TAMRA-NHS for 30 min at room temperature. Traz-TM was purified as described above, and the purified product was stored at 4°C. The stability of Traz-TM was not reported.</p><p>To generate a control for use in some studies, a TAMRA-QSY®7 conjugate of daclizumab (a MAb that is specific for HER1) was generated (Dac-TM-Q7) using a protocol similar to that described for the Traz conjugate (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). For use as a control, the TAMRA conjugate of Dac lacking QSY-7 (Dac-TM) was also prepared as described above. The purification and stability of Dac-TM-Q7 and Dac-TM were not reported. In addition, the number of TAMRA-QSY-7 or TMARA conjugated to each daclizumab molecule was not reported.</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=trastuzumab+tamra+qsy7+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The quenching ability of the MAb conjugates was determined by denaturing them with 5% SDS containing 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 min at 95°C (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). For comparison, the two MAb-TM conjugates were incubated in PBS under the same conditions. Measurement of the fluorescence signal from each denatured sample showed that only the dissociated MAb conjugate samples had an increase in fluorescent signal over background. The Traz-TM-Q7 and the Traz-Tm conjugates exhibited 13- and 3-fold increases in fluorescence, respectively. For the Dac-TM-Q7 and Dac-TM conjugates, 9- and 4-fold increases were reported, respectively. The increase in fluorescence of the Traz-TM and Dac-TM conjugates was attributed to an intrinsic characteristic of rhodamine containing fluorophores that are activated after internalization by the cells (the rhodamine effect) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.20">20</a>).</p><p>To demonstrate intracellular activation of Traz-TM-Q7, Traz-TM, Dac-TM-Q7, and the Dac-TM conjugates, 3T3/HER2+ cells were exposed to the respective conjugates at 37°C for either 1 or 8 h to allow internalization and activation of the fluorophore in the lysosomes (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). An examination of the exposed cells under a fluorescence microscope after 1 h exposure to Traz-TM-Q7 or Traz-TM showed that the fluorescence was visible only on the cell surface. At 8 h after exposure, the fluorescent dots were visible in the lysosomes of the cells, indicating that the Traz-TM-Q7 and Traz-TM conjugates had been internalized by the cells. Fluorescence from cells exposed to Traz-TM-Q7 was reported to be higher than that from cells treated with the Traz-TM conjugate. No fluorescent signal was obtained from cells treated with either Dac-TM-Q7 or Dac-TM because these conjugates did not target HER2 and did not bind to or were not internalized by the 3T3/HER2+ cells. Pre-exposure of the 3T3/HER2+ cells to unlabeled Traz (at a concentration equal to the Traz fluorescent conjugates) was reported to reduce the fluorescence signal obtained from Traz-TM-Q7 treatment of the cells. This indicated that the conjugated MAb had a binding specificity similar to unlabeled Traz.</p><p>In another study to investigate the intracellular localization of Traz-TM-Q7, 3T3/HER2+ tumors were removed from the lungs of mice (see below for details) and treated with a commercially available fluorescent lysosomal marker 30 min before exposure to the MAb conjugate. The tumor cells were then observed under a fluorescent microscope. The fluorescent signals from the lysosomal marker and Traz-TM-Q7 were reported to have a similar location in the cells, indicating that the MAb conjugate was internalized by the cells and degraded in the lysosomes.</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="TrazTMQ7.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=trastuzumab+tamra+qsy7+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The uptake of Traz-TM-Q7, Traz-Tm, Dac-TM-Q7, and Dac-TM was investigated in mice bearing 3T3/HER2+ tumors in the lungs (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). Imaging was performed on the animals (5 mice/MAb conjugate) 1 d after intravenous injection of the respective MAb conjugates through the tail vein. A low background was reported with Traz-TM-Q7, whereas nonspecific fluorescence was obtained with Traz-TM. The tumor/normal lung tissue fluorescence ratios were reported to be significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) for Traz-TM-Q7 (22.4 ± 4.3) than for Traz-TM (5.7 ± 1.8). Pretreatment of the tumor-bearing mice with unlabeled Traz (~13 μmol/animal) reduced the accumulation of both MAb conjugates in the tumors and the surrounding lung tissues (tumor/normal lung tissue ratios were not reported). With Dac-TM-Q7, a very low fluorescent signal was observed in the lungs, but Dac-TM generated a generalized signal in the organs.</p><p>To determine the sensitivity and specificity of Traz-TM-Q7, mice with the NIH3T3/HER2+ and NIH3T3/HER2-/ZsGreen cell tumors (these cells constitutively express the green fluorescence protein) were injected with the MAb conjugate and imaged 1 d after the treatment; the number of animals injected with each conjugate was not reported (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>). No overlap of the fluorescent signal from TAMRA and ZsGreen was observed in tumors of these animals because the NIH3T3/HER2-/ZsGreen cell tumors did not express any HER2.</p><p>On the basis of the information obtained from the various studies performed with Traz-TM-Q7, the investigators concluded that this activatable FQ probe could probably be used to manage cancer with a “see and treat” strategy (<a class="bk_pop" href="#TrazTMQ7.REF.13">13</a>).</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=trastuzumab+tamra+qsy7+Non+Primate+Mammals" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=trastuzumab+tamra+qsy7+Non+Human+Primates" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=trastuzumab+tamra+qsy7+Human+Studies" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.Supplemental_Informa"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_Supplemental_Informa_">Supplemental Information</h2><p>[<a href="/books/n/micad/disclaimer/">Disclaimers</a>]</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>Some of the work presented in this chapter was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and the Center for Cancer Research.</p></div><div id="TrazTMQ7.References"><h2 id="_TrazTMQ7_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.1">Brepoels L., Stroobants S.
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<em>PET scanning and prognosis in Hodgkin's lymphoma.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Opin Oncol. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">20</span>(5):509–16.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106652" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19106652</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.2">Dobbe E., Gurney K., Kiekow S., Lafferty J.S., Kolesar J.M.
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<em>Gene-expression assays: new tools to individualize treatment of early-stage breast cancer.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Health Syst Pharm. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">65</span>(1):23–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18159035" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18159035</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.3">Kolesar J.M.
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||
<em>Assessing therapeutically developed assays.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Manag Care. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">17</span>(7) Suppl 7:9–12.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19097282" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19097282</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.4">Frangioni J.V.
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<em>New technologies for human cancer imaging.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">26</span>(24):4012–21.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2654310/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2654310</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18711192" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18711192</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.5">ten Dam M.A., Wetzels J.F.
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<em>Toxicity of contrast media: an update.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Neth J Med. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">66</span>(10):416–22.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011267" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19011267</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.6">Xiao W., Yao N., Peng L., Liu R., Lam K.S.
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<em>Near-infrared optical imaging in glioblastoma xenograft with ligand-targeting alpha 3 integrin.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">36</span>(1):94–103.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2842018/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2842018</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18712382" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18712382</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.7">Sampath L., Wang W., Sevick-Muraca E.M.
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<em>Near infrared fluorescent optical imaging for nodal staging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Biomed Opt. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>(4):041312.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2914597/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2914597</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19021320" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19021320</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.8">van de Ven S.M., Elias S.G., van den Bosch M.A., Luijten P., Mali W.P.
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<em>Optical imaging of the breast.</em>
|
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Imaging. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">8</span>:206–15.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2590880/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2590880</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19028613" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19028613</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.9">Thekkek N., Richards-Kortum R.
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<em>Optical imaging for cervical cancer detection: solutions for a continuing global problem.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Cancer. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">8</span>(9):725–31.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2633464/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2633464</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19143057" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19143057</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.10">Aalders M.C. N. vd Vange, F.A. Stewart, M.G. Klein, M.J. vd Vijver, and H.J. Sterenborg, <em>White-light toxicity, resulting from systemically administered 5-aminolevulinic acid, under normal operating conditions.</em> <span><span class="ref-journal">J Photochem Photobiol B. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">50</span>(2-3):88–93.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10515073" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10515073</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.11">Hama Y., Urano Y., Koyama Y., Kamiya M., Bernardo M., Paik R.S., Krishna M.C., Choyke P.L., Kobayashi H.
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<em>In vivo spectral fluorescence imaging of submillimeter peritoneal cancer implants using a lectin-targeted optical agent.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Neoplasia. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">8</span>(7):607–12.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1601930/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1601930</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16867223" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16867223</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.12">Hama Y., Urano Y., Koyama Y., Choyke P.L., Kobayashi H.
|
||
<em>Targeted optical imaging of cancer cells using lectin-binding BODIPY conjugated avidin.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Biochem Biophys Res Commun. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">348</span>(3):807–13.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16904640</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.13">Ogawa, M., N. Kosaka, M.R. Longmire, Y. Urano, P.L. Choyke, and H. Kobayashi, <em>Fluorophore-quencher based activatable targeted optical probes for detecting in vivo cancer metastases.</em> Mol Pharm, 2009. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2891627/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2891627</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19718793" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19718793</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.14">Weber J., McCormack P.L.
|
||
<em>Panitumumab: in metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type KRAS.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">BioDrugs. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(6):403–11.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18998757" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18998757</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.15">Mehra R., Cohen R.B., Burtness B.A.
|
||
<em>The role of cetuximab for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">6</span>(10):742–50.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2745918/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2745918</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18997665" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18997665</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.16">Hall P.S., Cameron D.A.
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<em>Current perspective - trastuzumab.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Cancer. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">45</span>(1):12–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19042123" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19042123</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.17">Woodman P.
|
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<em>ESCRT proteins, endosome organization and mitogenic receptor down-regulation.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Biochem Soc Trans. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(Pt 1):146–50.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19143620" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19143620</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.18">Simonds H.M., Miles D.
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<em>Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: impact of monoclonal antibody therapy directed against the HER2 receptor.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Opin Biol Ther. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">7</span>(4):487–91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17373900" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17373900</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.19">Lee S., Park K., Kim K., Choi K., Kwon I.C.
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<em>Activatable imaging probes with amplified fluorescent signals.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Chem Commun (Camb). </span>2008;(36):4250–60.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18802536" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18802536</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="TrazTMQ7.REF.20">Longmire M.R., Ogawa M., Hama Y., Kosaka N., Regino C.A., Choyke P.L., Kobayashi H.
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||
<em>Determination of optimal rhodamine fluorophore for in vivo optical imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(8):1735–42.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2756081/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2756081</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18610943" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18610943</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK22974</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641182" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641182</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/AvTMQ7/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sostetramethyrhodamine/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK22974&db=books">Share</a></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK22974/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22974/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22974" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22974" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Chopra A. Trastuzumab conjugated to tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine-QSY®7. 2009 Mar 2 [Updated 2009 Apr 6]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22974/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK22974.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (176K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.Supplemental_Informa" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Supplemental Information</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#TrazTMQ7.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
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europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=1507704" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1507704" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641900" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Avidin conjugated to tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine-QSY(®)7.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop 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based activatable targeted optical probes for detecting in vivo cancer metastases.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Ogawa M, Kosaka N, Longmire MR, Urano Y, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Mol Pharm. 2009 Mar-Apr; 6(2):386-95. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641614" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Trastuzumab complexed to near-infrared fluorophore indocyanine green.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span 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<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
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Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
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