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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2007/10/23" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kenneth T. Cheng" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641255" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23048/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kenneth T. Cheng" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2007/10/23" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23048/" /><meta name="description" content="99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides (99mTc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs) were developed as an in vivo agent for gamma planar/single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of the siRNAs (1). The in vivo imaging of 99mTc-HYNIC-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs allows non-invasive monitoring of delivery of the siRNAs to the targeted cancer cells." /><meta name="og:title" content="99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides (99mTc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs) were developed as an in vivo agent for gamma planar/single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of the siRNAs (1). The in vivo imaging of 99mTc-HYNIC-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs allows non-invasive monitoring of delivery of the siRNAs to the targeted cancer cells." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23048/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/RNAHYNIC99mTc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23048/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23048_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23048_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Defensin3-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Exendin4HYNIC99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23048_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα-mRNA-AS siRNAs</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23048_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23048_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">September 21, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">October 23, 2007</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23048/table/RNAHYNIC99mTc.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__RNAHYNIC99mTc.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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||
<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK23048/bin/RNAHYNIC99mTc.jpg" alt="Image RNAHYNIC99mTc.jpg" /></div>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα-mRNA-AS siRNAs</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-RNAs, <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC-RNAs</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">siRNA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RIα mRNA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
|
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gene silencing by siRNA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gamma planar imaging and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
|
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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|
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
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<br />
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Structure of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs, with 2’-<i>0</i>-methyl and phosphorothioate backbone.modifications.<br />The HYNIC chelator and tricine coordination have not been established by experiments.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Background"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=99mTc-RNA+OR+(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)&WebEnv=0qU2SB3WRTJ9z4417UqRGxzflLgYOaq6Wo8rE-q8ObXJTee71Xtx1HtoxjZcVsn2Mn6Jf8ewl1PUnT%40264134F666D44B80_0161SID&WebEnvRq=1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs) were developed as an <i>in vivo</i> agent for gamma planar/single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of the siRNAs (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). The <i>in vivo</i> imaging of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs allows non-invasive monitoring of delivery of the siRNAs to the targeted cancer cells.</p><p>Radiolabeled antisense (AS) oligonucleotides can be used to identify and image the presence of a particular mRNA <i>in vivo</i> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.2">2</a>). Some of the major obstacles in developing a clinically useful radiolabeled AS probe include nonspecific affinity, ribonuclease destruction of the RNA target, and the lack of a receptor-targeting ligand. Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNA) comprise a class of RNAs that are 21–22 nucleotides in length and are generated from double-stranded RNAs (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). Fire et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.4">4</a>) first discovered that siRNAs silenced gene expression. It appears that siRNAs can direct the degradation of target mRNAs and induce specific posttranscriptional gene silencing (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). It is possible to design siRNA molecules and deliver them to specific targets to silence a particular gene of choice. To develop siRNAs as therapeutic agents, the ability to monitor their <i>in vivo</i> distribution and target delivery is important. Both bioluminescent and nuclear imaging methods have been studied, but the optical method measures siRNA only indirectly (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.5">5</a>). On the other hand, siRNA can be radiolabeled for direct imaging in humans. Liu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>) reported the first radiolabeling of an 18-nt siRNA with <sup>99m</sup>Tc for visualizing cellular delivery and <i>in vivo</i> imaging in mice. The 18-nt siRNA was an AS (5'-GCG UGC CUC CUC ACU GGC) against the RIα sense (S) mRNA (5'-GCC AGU GAG GAG GCA CGC) of the type I regulatory subunit α of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.6">6</a>).</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Synthesis"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Radiolabeling%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+small%5BAll+Fields%5D+AND+Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m&WebEnv=0rCFsxKO-Sns7jBs80-oDS73fnYO-11CKTuBvI6UHZQfCSR77ZxYdyDd62Ubv1-wnk4nyFy" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Liu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>) described the radiolabeling of the 18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs with <sup>99m</sup>Tc <i>via</i> the <i>S</i>-acetyl <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and tricine as the coligand. NHS-HYNIC was synthesized from 6-chloronicotinic acid by a three-step reaction scheme as reported by Abrams et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.7">7</a>). The structure was confirmed by elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. The 18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs were synthesized with uniform phosphorothioate backbones and 2'-<i>O</i>-methyl modifications for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> stability (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.8">8</a>). The 2'-<i>O</i>-methyl modifications preserve the ribose sugar pucker and retain the canonical, right-handed, A-form helical geometry for siRNA activity. The modifications also increase the nuclease resistance of oligoribonucleotides and siRNA duplexes. NHS-HYNIC in dimethylformamide was added by drop-wise to the lyophilized RNAs dissolved in 5 μg/μl bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.5) in a final HYNIC/RNA molar ratio of 10/1. The reaction mixture was incubated at room temperature for 60 min to produce the HYNIC-RNA conjugate. The conjugate was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) before <sup>99m</sup>Tc labeling. The authors suggested that the HYNIC chelator was attached to the 5' primary amino group <i>via</i> the alkyl linker. For radiolabeling, purified HYNIC-RNA was dissolved in bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.5) and reacted with tricine, stannous chloride, and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-pertechnetate. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 min. The final <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNA was purified by a P4 gel column chromatography. The radiolabeling efficiency was >60%, the radiochemical purity was >95%, and the specific activity was 20 GBq/μmol (0.54 Ci/μmol) or 3.7 MBq/μg (100 μCi/μg). The integrity of the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNA was confirmed by an HPLC hybridization shift assay. Similar <sup>99m</sup>Tc labeling was also used to obtain the radiolabeled sense RNA of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-S RNAs.</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)+&WebEnv=0gQ-Sq4lhIqXu1nUhBocUGV6mGIHxJrdY-bUQcIv-2AlzW8zaeQAMAdmJWZvrgxmg1hcSsc131H6vt%40264134F666D44B80_0161SID&WebEnvRq=1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The stability and integrity of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs after 24 h incubation in ACHN human kidney cancer cell culture (high RIα mRNA expression) were confirmed by the HPLC hybridization shift assay (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). The assay also confirmed that the siRNAs preserved the potency to anneal to their complementary strands. In the cellular accumulation studies, <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs had increased uptake over 24 h. There were 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> molecules of siRNA in 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells. Microautoradiograms of cells showed <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. Similar uptake and distribution patterns were observed with radiolabeled S RNA.</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)&WebEnv=0brBhGv2cBa6b73-z0c_o_am9CTdhNZBKq3Y60pr4RMPy2hcrkR31tTeYrXkOSUwMOFILOq4LU3LKs%40264134F666D44B80_0161SID&WebEnvRq=1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biodistribution and imaging studies of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs were performed in nude mice bearing s.c. ACHN human kidney cancer tumors (~1 cm diameter) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). Each mouse received an i.v. dose of 3,700 kBq/μg (100 μCi/μg) <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs. At 4 h after injection, the tumors were clearly visualized. Other tissues were also visualized; the greatest signal intensity was in the abdomen. After 24 h, the intensity of radioactivity decreased throughout the whole body, and the tumor was still visualized. Similar images were also obtained with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-S RNA. Biodistribution studies were conducted in mice at the end of the 24-h imaging. The radioactivity levels of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC/tricine-18-nt-RIα mRNA-AS siRNAs (<i>n</i> = 5) in percent injected dose/g (% ID/g) were 0.67 ± 0.07 (tumor), 0.07 ± 0.01 (blood), 0.18 ± 0.05 (muscle), 13.36 ± 5.10 (kidney), 8.13 ± 2.81 (liver), 0.38 ± 0.16 (lung), 0.16 ± 0.06 (stomach), and 2.46 ± 0.91 (large intestine). For the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-S RNA, the radioactivity levels (% ID/g) were 0.76 ± 0.07 (tumor), 0.06 ± 0.02 (blood), 0.28 ± 0.44 (muscle), 26.54 ± 2.56 (kidney), 9.58 ± 2.96 (liver), 0.44 ± 0.05 (lung), 0.43 ± 0.21 (stomach), and 1.22 ± 0.43 (large intestine). The study estimated that the siRNAs were deliverable into tumor tissues at a magnitude of 7 ng/g tumor tissue when 1 μg siRNAs was injected. This localization pattern might translate into 7.2 × 10<sup>11</sup> siRNA molecules/g tumor tissue (7,000 siRNAs/cell).</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)+AND+(dog+OR+rabbit+OR+pig+OR+sheep)&WebEnv=02GbT07ZqStwP4eWRsgYWa3ZEw6YjEWUOsgaoNff66GDTGIKo1C7w7mZ5ouRad_YVPmDp9T_E5fBTw%40264134F666D4" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)+AND+(primate+NOT+human)&WebEnv=0FVDkFxRvV7b7hF9DUoK7Pkaqr2DAdzPS7wIhnq1YFqhS0dgaq35UB3Bw2WvOAGm2GE16r_Wy9pf-v%40264134F666D44B80_0161SID" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=(Radiolabeling+small+RNA+with+technetium-99m)+AND+human&WebEnv=0wGlFwQJaR9bhZqYsiYTAr-dFBMX_1uwpYL14Zr4XZDnZrZt2QG5pRkPTd-gbrdiPMNOgR0tEIDhap%40264134F666D44B80_0161SID&WebEnvRq=1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.references"><h2 id="_RNAHYNIC99mTc_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.1">Liu N. , Ding H. , Vanderheyden J.L. , Zhu Z. , Zhang Y.
|
||
Radiolabeling small RNA with technetium-99m for visualizing cellular delivery and mouse biodistribution. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>34</strong>
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</span>(4):399–404.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499729" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17499729</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.2">Gauchez A.S. A. Du Moulinet D'Hardemare, J. Lunardi, J.P. Vuillez, and D. Fagret, <em>Potential use of radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides in oncology.</em> <span><span class="ref-journal">Anticancer Res. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">
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||
<strong>19</strong>
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</span>(6B):4989–97.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10697501" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10697501</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.3">Novina C.D. , Sharp P.A.
|
||
The RNAi revolution. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nature. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>430</strong>
|
||
</span>(6996):161–4.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15241403" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15241403</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.4">Fire A. , Xu S. , Montgomery M.K. , Kostas S.A. , Driver S.E. , Mello C.C.
|
||
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nature. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>391</strong>
|
||
</span>(6669):806–11.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9486653" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9486653</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.5">Bartlett D.W. , Davis M.E.
|
||
Insights into the kinetics of siRNA-mediated gene silencing from live-cell and live-animal bioluminescent imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucleic Acids Res. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
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<strong>34</strong>
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</span>(1):322–33.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1331994/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1331994</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16410612" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16410612</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.6">Zhang Y.M. , Wang Y. , Liu N. , Zhu Z.H. , Rusckowski M. , Hnatowich D.J.
|
||
In vitro investigations of tumor targeting with (99m)Tc-labeled antisense DNA. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>42</strong>
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||
</span>(11):1660–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11696636" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11696636</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.7">Abrams M.J. , Juweid M. , tenKate C.I. , Schwartz D.A. , Hauser M.M. , Gaul F.E. , Fuccello A.J. , Rubin R.H. , Strauss H.W. , Fischman A.J.
|
||
Technetium-99m-human polyclonal IgG radiolabeled via the hydrazino nicotinamide derivative for imaging focal sites of infection in rats. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1990;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>31</strong>
|
||
</span>(12):2022–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2266401" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2266401</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="RNAHYNIC99mTc.EXTYLES.8">Kraynack B.A. , Baker B.F.
|
||
Small interfering RNAs containing full 2'-O-methylribonucleotide-modified sense strands display Argonaute2/eIF2C2-dependent activity. <span><span class="ref-journal">Rna. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>12</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):163–76.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1370895/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1370895</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16301602" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16301602</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23048</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641255" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641255</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Defensin3-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Exendin4HYNIC99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23048/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23048/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23048" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23048" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Cheng KT. 99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinamide/tricine-eighteen-nucleotide RIα mRNA antisense small interfering oligoribonucleotides. 2007 Sep 21 [Updated 2007 Oct 23]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23048/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23048.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (399K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#RNAHYNIC99mTc.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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