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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>(+/-)-2-(N-Phenethyl-N-1'-[11C]propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung">
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<meta name="description" content="Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition, and emotion (1, 2). Dopamine receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Parkinson&rsquo;s disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington&rsquo;s disease, and schizophrenia (3). Five subtypes of dopamine receptors, D1 through D5, have been well characterized pharmacologically and biochemically (4). These five dopamine receptor subtypes are classified into two subfamilies: D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4). D1-like and D2-like receptors exert synergistic as well as opposite effects at both the biochemical and overall system levels. Most striatal D1 and D2 receptors are localized postsynaptically on caudate-putamen neurons and to a lesser extent presynaptically on nigrostriatal axons.">
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find">&#10008;</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">&#9664;</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">&#9654;</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23086_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">(+/-)-2-(<i>N</i>-Phenethyl-<i>N</i>-1'-[<sup>11</sup>C]propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT</div><p class="contribs">Leung K.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK23086_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figPPHT11CT1"><a href="/books/NBK23086/table/PPHT11C.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figPPHT11CT1" rid-ob="figobPPHT11CT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK23086/table/PPHT11C.T1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK23086/table/PPHT11C.T1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="PPHT11C.T1"><a href="/books/NBK23086/table/PPHT11C.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobPPHT11CT1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
<i>In vitro</i>
Rodents
</p></div></div><div id="PPHT11C.Background"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition, and emotion (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.1" rid="PPHT11C.REF.1">1</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.2" rid="PPHT11C.REF.2">2</a>). Dopamine receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Parkinson&#x02019;s disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington&#x02019;s disease, and schizophrenia (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.3" rid="PPHT11C.REF.3">3</a>). Five subtypes of dopamine receptors, D<sub>1</sub> through D<sub>5</sub>, have been well characterized pharmacologically and biochemically (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.4" rid="PPHT11C.REF.4">4</a>). These five dopamine receptor subtypes are classified into two subfamilies: D<sub>1</sub>-like (D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>5</sub>) and D<sub>2</sub>-like (D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>3</sub>, and D<sub>4</sub>). D<sub>1</sub>-like and D<sub>2</sub>-like receptors exert synergistic as well as opposite effects at both the biochemical and overall system levels. Most striatal D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> receptors are localized postsynaptically on caudate-putamen neurons and to a lesser extent presynaptically on nigrostriatal axons.</p><p>Dopamine receptors are G-protein&#x02013;coupled receptors that exist in high- and low-affinity states with respect to agonist binding. The two states are inter-convertible. In the high-affinity state, dopamine receptors are coupled to G-proteins, whereas in the low-affinity state they are not. Dopamine has a dissociation constant (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of 7 nM for the high-affinity state (<i>K</i><sub>high</sub>) and a <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> of 1,720 nM for the low-affinity state (<i>K</i><sub>low</sub>) (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.5" rid="PPHT11C.REF.5">5</a>). Under physiologic conditions, dopamine binds predominately to receptors in the high-affinity state. The high-affinity state was suggested to be the functional form of the dopamine receptors (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.6" rid="PPHT11C.REF.6">6</a>).</p><p>Substituted benzamides, such as sulpiride, raclopride, and iodobenzamide, are specific ligands with only moderate affinity for the D<sub>2</sub> receptors, making study of extrastriatal D<sub>2</sub> receptors difficult (<a href="#PPHT11C.REF.7">7-9</a>). In binding studies, [<sup>123</sup>I]epidepride, an analog of isoremoxipride, was found to have high potency and low nonspecific binding, and to be selective for striatal and extrastriatal D<sub>2</sub> receptors (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.10" rid="PPHT11C.REF.10">10</a>). Epidepride exhibits marginal binding to D<sub>4</sub> receptors, with little affinity for other known neurotransmitter receptors. (S)-<i>N</i>-((1-Allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide (<a href="/books/n/micad/Fallypride18F/?report=reader">[<sup>18</sup>F]fallypride</a>), an analog of epidepride, was found to be a selective high-affinity antagonist of D<sub>2/3</sub> receptors (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.11" rid="PPHT11C.REF.11">11</a>), and in positron emission tomography (PET) <i>in vivo</i> studies (<a href="#PPHT11C.REF.12">12-14</a>) it identified extrastriatal D<sub>2/3</sub> receptors. However, none of these antagonists distinguishes between the high- and low-affinity states of the D<sub>2</sub> receptors. (&#x02013;)-<i>N</i>-[<sup>11</sup>C]Propyl-norapomorphine (<a href="/books/n/micad/NPA11C/?report=reader">[<sup>11</sup>C]NPA</a>) and [<sup>11</sup>C](+)-4-<i>N</i>-propyl-,3,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2<i>H</i>-naphth[1,2-<i>b</i>][1,4]oxazin-9-ol (<a href="/books/n/micad/PHNO11C/?report=reader">[<sup>11</sup>C](+)-PHNO</a>) have been developed as radiolabeled dopamine agonists for the non-invasive study of the high-affinity state of the D<sub>2/3</sub> receptors in the brain.</p><p>Various hydroxytetralin analogs with different binding affinities for the D<sub>2</sub> receptors have been developed as agonist radiotracers (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.15" rid="PPHT11C.REF.15">15</a>). (+/-)-2-(<i>N</i>-Phenethyl-<i>N</i>-1&#x02019;-[<sup>11</sup>C]propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin ([<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT) is being evaluated as a PET agent for the high-affinity state of D<sub>2/3</sub> receptors.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.Synthesis"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Shi et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.15" rid="PPHT11C.REF.15">15</a>) reported a two-step synthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT in which [<sup>11</sup>C]propionyl chloride was reacted with 5-hydroxy-2-[<i>N</i>-(2-phenethyl)amino]tetralin and followed by LiAlH<sub>4</sub> reduction, with a radiochemical yield of 5&#x02013;10% (based on [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> at the end of bombardment) and an average specific activity of 9&#x02013;37 GBq/&#x003bc;mol (250&#x02013;1,000 mCi/&#x003bc;mol) at end of synthesis after purification by high-performance liquid chromatography. [<sup>11</sup>C]Propionyl chloride was prepared by reacting [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> with ethylmagnesium bromide, followed by reaction with phthaloyl chloride. Total synthesis time was 60&#x02013;75 min.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>In a binding study of dopamine receptors in membranes of the rat striatum with [<sup>3</sup>H]spiperone, PPHT had an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.65 nM (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.15" rid="PPHT11C.REF.15">15</a>). <i>In vitro</i> autoradiography studies of rat brain slices indicated selective binding of [<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT to the striata, which was completely inhibited by co-incubation with 10 &#x003bc;M sulpiride. Gpp(NH)p decreased the striatum/cerebellum ratio from 2.0 to 1.1 by converting the high-affinity state to the low-affinity state. There was significant nonspecific binding in the cortex.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="PPHT11C.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biodistribution studies in rats showed a marked accumulation of the tracer in the striata within the first 2 min [1.2% injected dose per gram (ID/g)], followed by a decrease of radioactivity to 0.5% ID/g at 30 min and 0.2% ID/g at 60 min (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.16" rid="PPHT11C.REF.16">16</a>). The striatum/cerebellum ratios were 1.27 at 2 min, 1.52 at 30 min, and 1.42 at 60 min after injection. Haloperidol pretreatment (1 mg/kg, 15 min before radiotracer injection) effectively reduced specific binding of [<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT to the striatum with some residual binding relative to the cerebellum at 30 min. Little inhibition was seen in the cerebellum. [<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT thus displays uptake and washout kinetics characteristic of reversible radiotracers.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20monkey" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Mukherjee et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#PPHT11C.REF.16" rid="PPHT11C.REF.16">16</a>) showed selective accumulation (0.03% ID/ml) in the striata of two rhesus monkeys with striatum/cerebellum ratios of 1.5 at 30 min and 1.4 at 60 min after injection of 26&#x02013;93 MBq (0.7&#x02013;2.5 mCi) of [<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT. Thalamus/cerebellum ratios were 1.3 at 30 min and 1.2 at 60 min. However, there was a substantial nonspecific binding in the cortex and cerebellum. The authors suggested that the use of the more active <i>S</i>-isomer may provide higher striatum/cerebellum and thalamus/cerebellum ratios.</p></div></div><div id="PPHT11C.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=11C%20PPHT%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No relevant publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="PPHT11C.references"><h2 id="_PPHT11C_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.1">Carbon M. , Ghilardi M.F. , Feigin A. , Fukuda M. , Silvestri G. , Mentis M.J. , Ghez C. , Moeller J.R. , Eidelberg D. Learning networks in health and Parkinson's disease: reproducibility and treatment effects. <span><span class="ref-journal">Hum Brain Mapp. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(3):197&ndash;211.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6871830/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6871830</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12811735" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12811735</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.2">Chesselet M.F. , Delfs J.M. Basal ganglia and movement disorders: an update. <span><span class="ref-journal">Trends Neurosci. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(10):417&ndash;22.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8888518" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8888518</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.3">Seeman P. , Bzowej N.H. , Guan H.C. , Bergeron C. , Reynolds G.P. , Bird E.D. , Riederer P. , Jellinger K. , Tourtellotte W.W. Human brain D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neuropsychopharmacology. </span>1987;<span class="ref-vol">1</span>(1):5&ndash;15.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2908095" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2908095</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.4">Stoof J.C. , Kebabian J.W. Two dopamine receptors: biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Life Sci. </span>1984;<span class="ref-vol">35</span>(23):2281&ndash;96.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6390056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6390056</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.5">Sunahara R.K. , Guan H.C. , O'Dowd B.F. , Seeman P. , Laurier L.G. , Ng G. , George S.R. , Torchia J. , Van Tol H.H. , Niznik H.B. Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nature. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">350</span>(6319):614&ndash;9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1826762" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1826762</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.6">Sibley D.R. , De Lean A. , Creese I. Anterior pituitary dopamine receptors. Demonstration of interconvertible high and low affinity states of the D-2 dopamine receptor. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Biol Chem. </span>1982;<span class="ref-vol">257</span>(11):6351&ndash;61.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6176582" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6176582</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.7">Gehlert D.R. , Wamsley J.K. Autoradiographic localization of [3H]sulpiride binding sites in the rat brain. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Pharmacol. </span>1984;<span class="ref-vol">98</span>(2):311&ndash;2.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6714315" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6714315</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.8">Lidow M.S. , Goldman-Rakic P.S. , Rakic P. , Innis R.B. Dopamine D2 receptors in the cerebral cortex: distribution and pharmacological characterization with [3H]raclopride. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>1989;<span class="ref-vol">86</span>(16):6412&ndash;6.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC297850/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC297850</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2548214" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2548214</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.9">Brucke T. , Tsai Y.F. , McLellan C. , Singhanyom W. , Kung H.F. , Cohen R.M. , Chiueh C.C. In vitro binding properties and autoradiographic imaging of 3-iodobenzamide ([125I]-IBZM): a potential imaging ligand for D-2 dopamine receptors in SPECT. <span><span class="ref-journal">Life Sci. </span>1988;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>(21):2097&ndash;104.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3260318" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3260318</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.10">Kessler R.M. , Ansari M.S. , Schmidt D.E. , de Paulis T. , Clanton J.A. , Innis R. , al-Tikriti M. , Manning R.G. , Gillespie D. High affinity dopamine D2 receptor radioligands. 2. [125I]epidepride, a potent and specific radioligand for the characterization of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Life Sci. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">49</span>(8):617&ndash;28.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1830917" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1830917</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.11">Mukherjee J. , Yang Z.Y. , Das M.K. , Brown T. Fluorinated benzamide neuroleptics--III. Development of (S)-N-[(1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2, 3-dimethoxybenzamide as an improved dopamine D-2 receptor tracer. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(3):283&ndash;96.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7627142" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7627142</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.12">Grunder G. , Landvogt C. , Vernaleken I. , Buchholz H.G. , Ondracek J. , Siessmeier T. , Hartter S. , Schreckenberger M. , Stoeter P. , Hiemke C. , Rosch F. , Wong D.F. , Bartenstein P. <span><span class="ref-journal">and , The Striatal and Extrastriatal D2/D3 Receptor-Binding Profile of Clozapine in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. </span>2005</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16237387" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16237387</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.13">Mukherjee J. , Christian B.T. , Narayanan T.K. , Shi B. , Collins D. Measurement of d-amphetamine-induced effects on the binding of dopamine D-2/D-3 receptor radioligand, 18F-fallypride in extrastriatal brain regions in non-human primates using PET. <span><span class="ref-journal">Brain Res. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">1032</span>(1-2):77&ndash;84.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15680944" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15680944</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.14">Kessler R.M. , Ansari M.S. , Riccardi P. , Li R. , Jayathilake K. , Dawant B. , Meltzer H.Y. Occupancy of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine d(2)/d(3) receptors by olanzapine and haloperidol. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neuropsychopharmacology. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(12):2283&ndash;9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16123775" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16123775</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.15">Shi B. , Narayanan T.K. , Yang Z.Y. , Christian B.T. , Mukherjee J. Radiosynthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-(N-alkyl-N-1'-11C-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin analogs as high affinity agonists for dopamine D-2 receptors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">26</span>(7):725&ndash;35.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10628551" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10628551</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="PPHT11C.REF.16">Mukherjee J. , Narayanan T.K. , Christian B.T. , Shi B. , Yang Z.Y. Binding characteristics of high-affinity dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonists, 11C-PPHT and 11C-ZYY-339 in rodents and imaging in non-human primates by PET. <span><span class="ref-journal">Synapse. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">54</span>(2):83&ndash;91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15352133" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15352133</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK23086_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
National for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
</div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">August 16, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">February 4, 2008</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Leung K. (+/-)-2-(N-Phenethyl-N-1'-[11C]propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin. 2006 Aug 16 [Updated 2008 Feb 4]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/ZYY-339-11C/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/CP99994C11/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobPPHT11CT1"><div id="PPHT11C.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23086/table/PPHT11C.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__PPHT11C.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Chemical name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(+/-)-2-(<i>N</i>-Phenethyl-<i>N</i>-1'-[<sup>11</sup>C]propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/14710624" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&amp;sid=14710624" alt="image 14710624 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>11</sup>C]PPHT</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Synonym:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Agent Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptors</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Method of detection:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PET</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Source of signal:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>11</sup>C</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Activation:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Studies:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
<i>In vitro</i>
</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-human primates
</div></li></ul>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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