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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23638_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23638_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/AP-HGC-NP-Cy55/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/OA02-PEG-CA8-Cy55/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23638_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Asp-Gly-HCit-Gly-Pro-Gln-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-Ebes-Ebes-Lys-Cy5.5 </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">OA02-Cy5.5</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23638_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23638_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH,
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">September 6, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">October 18, 2007</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="OA02-Cy55.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23638/table/OA02-Cy55.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__OA02-Cy55.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Chemical name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Asp-Gly-HCit-Gly-Pro-Gln-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-Ebes-Ebes-Lys-Cy5.5</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OA02-Cy5.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Synonym:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Agent Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Integrin &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>&#x003b2;<sub>1</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Method of detection:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Optical, Near-Infrared</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Source of signal:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cy5.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Activation:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Studies:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
<i>In vitro</i>
</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
</div></li></ul>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&#x00026;id=152013007" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&#x00026;id=152013006" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/sites/entrez?db=gene&#x00026;cmd=Retrieve&#x00026;dopt=full_report&#x00026;list_uids=3675" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about integrin &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>&#x003b2;<sub>1</sub>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.Background"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Optical fluorescence imaging is increasingly used to obtain biological functions of specific targets (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.2">2</a>). However, the intrinsic fluorescence of biomolecules poses a problem when fluorophores that absorb visible light (350&#x02013;700 nm) are used. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (700&#x02013;1,000 nm) detection avoids the background fluorescence interference of natural biomolecules, providing a high contrast between target and background tissues. NIR fluorophores have a wider dynamic range and minimal background interference as a result of reduced scattering compared with visible fluorescence detection. They also have high sensitivity as a result of low infrared background interference, and high extinction coefficients, which provide high quantum yields. The NIR region is also compatible with solid-state optical components, such as diode lasers and silicon detectors. NIR fluorescence imaging is becoming a non-invasive alternative to radionuclide imaging.</p><p>Integrins are a family of cell-surface heterodimeric glycoproteins that mediate diverse biological events involving cell&#x02013;cell and cell&#x02013;matrix interactions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). They consist of an &#x003b1; and a &#x003b2; subunit. They are important for cell adhesion and signal transduction. The &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>&#x003b2;<sub>1</sub> integrin plays an important role in normal lung, kidney, cerebral cortical, and epithelial development (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.4">4</a>). On the other hand, it affects tumor growth, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis as the &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>&#x003b2;<sub>1</sub> integrin is strongly expressed on tumor cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.5">5</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). <span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Asp-Gly-HCit-Gly-Pro-Gln-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys (OA02) was identified to bind to the &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub> integrin on human ovarian cancer cells using one-bead-one-compound combinatorial libraries (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.7">7</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.8">8</a>). OA02 was conjugated with Cy5.5 to study <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution of the tracer in tumor-bearing mice (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). Cy5.5 is a NIR fluorescent dye with an absorbance maximum at 675 nm and emission maximum at 694 nm with a high extinction coefficient of 250,000 (mol/L)<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup>. OA02-Cy5.5 was found to have a high specific accumulation in &#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>&#x003b2;<sub>1</sub>-positve ES-2 human ovarian tumor cells in nude mice.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.Synthesis"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Cy5.5 monofunctional <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester was used to conjugate <span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Asp-Gly-HCit-Gly-Pro-Gln-<span class="small-caps">D</span>-Cys-Ebes-Ebes-Lys using solid-phase synthesis to form OA02-Cy5.5 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). The NHS ester of Cy5.5 reacted with the &#x003b5;-amino group of the lysine. The peak containing the OA02-Cy5.5 conjugate was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The measured mass was <i>m/z</i> 2,457.2, which was ~1 Cy5.5/OA02. The chemical purity was &#x0003e;90%.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis of OA02-biotin in SKOV-3 human ovarian tumor cells (&#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>-positive) was observed by fluorescent microscopy (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). The staining was confined to the cell membrane and cytoplasm. On the other hand, Raji B-cell lymphomas (&#x003b1;<sub>3</sub>-negative) did not show any staining.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="OA02-Cy55.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biodistribution studies of OA02-Cy5.5 were evaluated in nude mice bearing an ES-2 subcutaneous xenograft in the left flank and a Raji subcutaneous xenograft in the right flank. Images were obtained after injection of 20 &#x000b5;g (8.14 nmol) OA02-Cy5.5 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). The background fluorescent intensity was 225 &#x000b1; 15 arbitrary units (AU) for both tumors. The ES-2 tumor uptake of OA02-Cy5.5 was 6,032 &#x000b1; 4,640 AU at 15 min and 5,526 &#x000b1; 3,696 AU at 70 min, whereas the Raji tumor uptake was 2,685 &#x000b1; 1,103 AU at 15 min and 2,786 &#x000b1; 1,583 AU at 70 min. There was a gradual clearance of the signal from the system <i>via</i> the kidneys. The fluorescent intensity decreased to ~2,000 AU at 1,440 min for both tumors. The tracer uptake in both tumors could be reduced to background level (~700 AU) at 70 min by pre-administration of anti-&#x003b1;<sub>3</sub> monoclonal antibody 30 min before OA02-Cy5.5 injection. <i>Ex vivo</i> imaging showed that most of the fluorescent signal intensity was from the ES-2 tumor, urinary bladder, and kidneys.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+(dog+or+pig+or+sheep+or+rabbit)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+(primate+not+human)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=OA02+and+human" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>R33 CA89706, 5-T32-RR07038</p></div><div id="OA02-Cy55.references"><h2 id="_OA02-Cy55_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">Achilefu S.
Lighting up tumors with receptor-specific optical molecular probes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Technol Cancer Res Treat. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>3</strong>
</span>(4):393409.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15270591" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15270591</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.2">Ntziachristos V. , Schellenberger E.A. , Ripoll J. , Yessayan D. , Graves E. , Bogdanov A. , Josephson L. , Weissleder R.
Visualization of antitumor treatment by means of fluorescence molecular tomography with an annexin V-Cy5.5 conjugate. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>101</strong>
</span>(33):122949.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC514472/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC514472</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15304657" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15304657</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.3">Hynes R.O. , Lively J.C. , McCarty J.H. , Taverna D. , Francis S.E. , Hodivala-Dilke K. , Xiao Q.
The diverse roles of integrins and their ligands in angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>67</strong>
</span>:14353.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12858535" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12858535</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.4">Hynes R.O.
Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cell. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>110</strong>
</span>(6):67387.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12297042" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12297042</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.5">Albelda S.M. , Mette S.A. , Elder D.E. , Stewart R. , Damjanovich L. , Herlyn M. , Buck C.A.
Integrin distribution in malignant melanoma: association of the beta 3 subunit with tumor progression. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Res. </span>1990;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>50</strong>
</span>(20):675764.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2208139" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2208139</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.6">Hynes R.O.
A reevaluation of integrins as regulators of angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Med. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>8</strong>
</span>(9):91821.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12205444" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12205444</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.7">Aina O.H. , Liu R. , Sutcliffe J.L. , Marik J. , Pan C.X. , Lam K.S. <span><span class="ref-journal">and From Combinatorial Chemistry to Cancer-Targeting Peptides. Mol Pharm. </span>2007</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17880166" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17880166</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.8">Aina O.H. , Marik J. , Liu R. , Lau D.H. , Lam K.S.
Identification of novel targeting peptides for human ovarian cancer cells using "one-bead one-compound" combinatorial libraries. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Cancer Ther. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>4</strong>
</span>(5):80613.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15897245" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15897245</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="OA02-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">Aina O.H. , Marik J. , Gandour-Edwards R. , Lam K.S.
Near-infrared optical imaging of ovarian cancer xenografts with novel alpha 3-integrin binding peptide "OA02". <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>4</strong>
</span>(4):43947.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16285906" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16285906</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23638/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23638/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23638" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23638" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. D-Cys-D-Asp-Gly-HCit-Gly-Pro-Gln-D-Cys-Ebes-Ebes-Lys-Cy5.5. 2007 Sep 6 [Updated 2007 Oct 18]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23638/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23638.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (128K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.Background" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#OA02-Cy55.references" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR &quot;Magnetic resonance imaging&quot; OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value="&quot;Hyperpolarized 13C&quot;">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value="&quot;Iron oxide&quot;">Iron oxide</option><option value="&quot;Nitroxide radicals&quot;">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="(&quot;Iron oxide&quot; AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
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value="(&quot;Iodine 124&quot; OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="(&quot;Nitrogen 13&quot; OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="(&quot;Yttrium 86&quot; OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="(&quot;Zirconium 89&quot; OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="(&quot;Indocyanine green&quot; OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="(&quot;Indium 111&quot; OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="(&quot;Iodine 123&quot; OR &quot;Iodine 125&quot; OR &quot;Iodine 131&quot; OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="(&quot;Lutetium 177&quot; OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="(&quot;Technetium 99m&quot; OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="(&quot;Tellurium 125m&quot; OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR &quot;amino acid&quot; OR &quot;folic acid&quot; OR &quot;cage molecule&quot; OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR &quot;small molecule&quot; OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR &quot;iron oxide&quot;)">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR &quot;nucleic acid&quot; OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value="&quot;adhesion molecule&quot;">Adhesion molecules</option><option 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value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" 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ref="ordinalpos=1&amp;linkpos=1&amp;log$=relatedreviews&amp;logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> D-Cys-D-Asp-Gly-Tyr(3-NO(2))-Gly-ProOH-Asn-D-Cys-biotin-streptavidin-Cy5.5.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> D-Cys-D-Asp-Gly-Tyr(3-NO(2))-Gly-ProOH-Asn-D-Cys-biotin-streptavidin-Cy5.5.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li 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