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<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK23511" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="micad" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="record" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK23511/" /><meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="chapter" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2007/12/04" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641710" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23511/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2007/12/04" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23511/" /><meta name="description" content="Endothelial cells are important cells in angiogenesis (1). Tumor growth requires the formation of new blood vessels. Potent angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) induce proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells (2). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol, inhibits proliferating tumor cells and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo (3, 4). It also inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and has low affinity for estrogen receptors. Huang et al. (5) demonstrated that the anti-proliferation effect of 2-ME may be the result of its inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of SOD leads to free radical–mediated damage to mitochondrial membranes resulting in apoptosis. 2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol ([11C]2-ME) has been evaluated as an imaging probe to study angiogenesis (6)." /><meta name="og:title" content="2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Endothelial cells are important cells in angiogenesis (1). Tumor growth requires the formation of new blood vessels. Potent angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) induce proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells (2). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol, inhibits proliferating tumor cells and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo (3, 4). It also inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and has low affinity for estrogen receptors. Huang et al. (5) demonstrated that the anti-proliferation effect of 2-ME may be the result of its inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of SOD leads to free radical–mediated damage to mitochondrial membranes resulting in apoptosis. 2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol ([11C]2-ME) has been evaluated as an imaging probe to study angiogenesis (6)." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23511/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/MeES11C/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23511/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23511_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23511_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/TEIMD-11C/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/KR31173-11C/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23511_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">2-[<i>methyl</i>-<sup>11</sup>C]Methoxyestradiol </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23511_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23511_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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||
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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||
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">September 28, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">December 4, 2007</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="MeES11C.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23511/table/MeES11C.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__MeES11C.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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||
<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2-[<i>methyl</i>-<sup>11</sup>C]Methoxyestradiol</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/26738256" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=26738256" alt="image 26738256 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Agent Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superoxide dismutase</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enzyme binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography (PET)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Source of signal:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>11</sup>C</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
|
||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-human primates
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
<br />
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="MeES11C.Background"><h2 id="_MeES11C_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=2-methoxyestradiol" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Endothelial cells are important cells in angiogenesis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). Tumor growth requires the formation of new blood vessels. Potent angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) induce proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.2">2</a>). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol, inhibits proliferating tumor cells and angiogenesis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.3">3</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.4">4</a>). It also inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells and has low affinity for estrogen receptors. Huang et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.5">5</a>) demonstrated that the anti-proliferation effect of 2-ME may be the result of its inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of SOD leads to free radical–mediated damage to mitochondrial membranes resulting in apoptosis. 2-[<i>methyl</i>-<sup>11</sup>C]Methoxyestradiol ([<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME) has been evaluated as an imaging probe to study angiogenesis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.6">6</a>).</p></div><div id="MeES11C.Synthesis"><h2 id="_MeES11C_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>[<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME was synthesized from its precursor, 2-hydroxy-3,17β-estradiol-3,17-bis(methoxymethyl)ether, by <i>O</i>-methylation by use of <sup>11</sup>C-methyl iodide (NaH, 80°C for 6 min), followed by acid hydrolysis (HCl, 80°C for 6 min) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). [<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME was purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The radiochemical yields (decay-corrected) on the basis of [<sup>11</sup>C]CH<sub>3</sub>I were 25–34%, and the specific activities were 34–38 GBq/µmol (0.92–1.03 Ci/µmol) at the end of synthesis. The total synthesis time was 60–65 min.</p></div><div id="MeES11C.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_MeES11C_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Fotsis et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.3">3</a>) reported that 2-ME (10 μM) inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by >85%. Lee et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.6">6</a>) showed that [<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME accumulated in HUVECs with 2.96% injected dose (ID) at 5 min, 4.74% ID at 15 min, 6.51% ID at 30 min, and 7.10% ID at 60 min. 2-ME (10 μM) inhibited the uptake at 60 min by 70%.</p></div><div id="MeES11C.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_MeES11C_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="MeES11C.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Lee et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MeES11C.EXTYLES.6">6</a>) performed biodistribution studies of [<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME in mice bearing a Lewis lung carcinoma tumor in the right flank. The organs with the highest accumulation of [<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME (% ID/g) were the liver (9.34 ± 2.12), lung (3.36 ± 0.09), and kidneys (3.26 ± 0.55) at 60 min after injection. The tumor (1.04 ± 0.27% ID/g) exhibited a tumor/muscle ratio of 2.36, which would provide a good contrast for tumor imaging. No blocking experiment was performed. In normal mice, [<sup>11</sup>C]2-ME showed a distribution half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>α) and an elimination half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>β) of 0.36 and 19 min, respectively.</p></div><div id="MeES11C.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MeES11C.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="MeES11C.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_MeES11C_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=2-methoxyestradiol%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MeES11C.references"><h2 id="_MeES11C_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.1">Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Med. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>1</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):27–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7584949" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7584949</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.2">Distler J.H. , Hirth A. , Kurowska-Stolarska M. , Gay R.E. , Gay S. , Distler O. Angiogenic and angiostatic factors in the molecular control of angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Q J Nucl Med. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>47</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):149–61.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12897707" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12897707</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.3">Fotsis T. , Zhang Y. , Pepper M.S. , Adlercreutz H. , Montesano R. , Nawroth P.P. , Schweigerer L. The endogenous oestrogen metabolite 2-methoxyoestradiol inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumour growth. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nature. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>368</strong>
|
||
</span>(6468):237–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7511798" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7511798</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.4">Klauber N. , Parangi S. , Flynn E. , Hamel E. , D'Amato R.J. Inhibition of angiogenesis and breast cancer in mice by the microtubule inhibitors 2-methoxyestradiol and taxol. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Res. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>57</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):81–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8988045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8988045</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.5">Huang P. , Feng L. , Oldham E.A. , Keating M.J. , Plunkett W. Superoxide dismutase as a target for the selective killing of cancer cells. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nature. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>407</strong>
|
||
</span>(6802):390–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014196" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11014196</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MeES11C.EXTYLES.6">Lee I. , Seong Choe Y. , Jung K.H. , Lee K.H. , Young Choi J. , Choi Y. , Kim B.T. 2-[methyl-(11)C]Methoxyestradiol: synthesis, evaluation and pharmacokinetics for in vivo studies on angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>34</strong>
|
||
</span>(6):625–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17707802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17707802</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23511</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641710" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641710</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/TEIMD-11C/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/KR31173-11C/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23511/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23511/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23511" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23511" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. 2-[methyl-11C]Methoxyestradiol. 2007 Sep 28 [Updated 2007 Dec 4]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23511/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23511.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (126K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#MeES11C.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#MeES11C.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#MeES11C.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#MeES11C.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MeES11C.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MeES11C.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1506432" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/9187261" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous estrogen metabolite, induces apoptosis in endothelial cells and inhibits angiogenesis: possible role for stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and Fas expression.</a><span class="source">[Mol Pharmacol. 1997]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous estrogen metabolite, induces apoptosis in endothelial cells and inhibits angiogenesis: possible role for stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and Fas expression.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Yue TL, Wang X, Louden CS, Gupta S, Pillarisetti K, Gu JL, Hart TK, Lysko PG, Feuerstein GZ. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun; 51(6):951-62. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/10953337" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">2-Methoxyestradiol blocks estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis: possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor.</a><span class="source">[Anticancer 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