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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14]" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2008/01/08" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kenneth T. Cheng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jason S. Lewis" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Gráinne B. Biddlecombe" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641835" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23640/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14]" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kenneth T. Cheng" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jason S. Lewis" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Gráinne B. Biddlecombe" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2008/01/08" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23640/" /><meta name="description" content="64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14] (64Cu-MP2346) is a peptide analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) conjugated with 64Cu, and it was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumors with overexpressed GRP receptors (GRP-R) (1). 64Cu is a positron emitter with a 19.3% abundance and a physical half-life (t½) of 12.7 h." /><meta name="og:title" content="64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14]" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14] (64Cu-MP2346) is a peptide analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) conjugated with 64Cu, and it was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumors with overexpressed GRP receptors (GRP-R) (1). 64Cu is a positron emitter with a 19.3% abundance and a physical half-life (t½) of 12.7 h." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23640/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/MP2346Cu64/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23640/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23640_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23640_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Cu64-DTPA-ProT/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/TrastFv-FcDM64Cu/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23640_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTA-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]-Bombesin[1-14]</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD, <span itemprop="author">Jason S. Lewis</span>, PhD, and <span itemprop="author">Gr&#x000e1;inne B. Biddlecombe</span>, MS.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23640_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23640_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
</div></div><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Jason S. Lewis</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, Corresponding Author,
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="ude.ltsuw@siwel.s.j" class="oemail">ude.ltsuw@siwel.s.j</a>
</div></div><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Gr&#x000e1;inne B. Biddlecombe</span>, MS<div class="affiliation small">
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="ude.ltsuw.rim@gebmocelddib" class="oemail">ude.ltsuw.rim@gebmocelddib</a>
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">August 16, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 8, 2008</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="MP2346Cu64.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23640/table/MP2346Cu64.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__MP2346Cu64.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Chemical name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTA-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]-Bombesin[1-14]</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/26697031" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&amp;sid=26697031" alt="image 26697031 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Synonym:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>64</sup>Cu-Bombesin, <sup>64</sup>Cu-BN, <sup>64</sup>Cu-BNN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Agent Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Method of detection:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Source of signal/ contrast:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>64</sup>Cu</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Activation:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Studies:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
<i>In vitro</i>
</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
</div></li></ul>
<br />
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.<br />Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&#x00026;id=55584176" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&#x00026;id=61677286" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/sites/entrez?Db=gene&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=2925&#x00026;ordinalpos=5&#x00026;itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Gene.Gene_ResultsPanel.Gene_RVDocSum" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about BN and GRP.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.Background"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=(86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTA-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]-Bombesin[1-14] (<sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346) is a peptide analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) conjugated with <sup>64</sup>Cu, and it was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumors with overexpressed GRP receptors (GRP-R) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). <sup>64</sup>Cu is a positron emitter with a 19.3% abundance and a physical half-life (<i>t</i><sub>&#x000bd;</sub>) of 12.7 h.</p><p>The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN), a peptide of 14 amino acids, is an analog of human GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids, that binds to GRP-R with high affinity and specificity (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.2">2</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). Both GRP and BN share an amidated C-terminus sequence homology of seven amino acids, -Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH<sub>2</sub>. BN-Like peptides have been shown to induce various biological responses in diverse tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal (GI) system (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.4">4</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.5">5</a>). They also act as potential growth factors for both normal and neoplastic tissues. Specific BN receptors (BN-R) have been identified in CNS and GI tissues and a number of tumor cell lines. The BN-R superfamily includes at least four different subtypes, namely the GRP-R subtype (BB2), the neuromedin B receptor subtype (BB1), the BB3 subtype, and the BB4 subtype (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). Overexpression of GRP-R in various human tumors (e.g., breast, prostate, lung, colon, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers) provides opportunities to image tumors with the use of specific molecular imaging agents designed to target the GRP-R (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.3">3</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.7">7-9</a>).</p><p>There have been varying degrees of success in the current development of GRP-R&#x02013;targeted radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). Various BN analogs have been labeled with <sup>99m</sup>Tc and <sup>111</sup>In for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.10">10</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.11">11</a>). BN Analogs labeled with <sup>68</sup>Ga, <sup>18</sup>F, <sup>86</sup>Y, or <sup>64</sup>Cu have been studied for PET imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.12">12</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.13">13</a>). Breeman et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.14">14</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.15">15</a>) prepared two GRP-R agonists, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]BN[1-14] and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-<i>N</i>,<i>N'</i>,<i>N''</i>,<i>N'''</i>-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]BN[1-14] (MP2346), for radiometal labeling by replacing pGlu<sup>1</sup> and Leu<sup>4</sup> in the native BN with DTPA-Pro or DOTA-Pro and with Tyr, respectively. Both MP2346 and DTPA-[Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]BN[1-14] were readily labeled with <sup>111</sup>In and appeared to be promising radioligands for SPECT imaging. For PET imaging, Biddlecombe et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>) prepared and evaluated <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 and <sup>86</sup>Y-MP2346. The investigators reported distinct differences in the <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake of these two radioligands; the authors suggested that this may be the result of their differences in peptide-to-receptor affinity, overall chemical charge, and radiometal-chelate stability.</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.Synthesis"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=(86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biddlecombe et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>) reported the synthesis of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346. The [Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]BN[1-14] peptide was synthesized by the standard 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase chemistry and Rink amide resin. The DOTA conjugation procedure with [Pro<sup>1</sup>,Tyr<sup>4</sup>]BN[1-14] was not discussed. The standard method that involved the sulfosuccinimidyl ester of DOTA was used (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.16">16</a>). The resulting MP2346 was purified with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the mass was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The radiolabeling involved mixing MP2346 with <sup>64</sup>Cu chloride (<sup>64</sup>CuCl<sub>2</sub>) in ammonium acetate (pH 5.5). The reaction mixture was incubated at 80&#x000ba;C for 30 min. Reaction progress and purity were analyzed by analytical reverse-phase HPLC. On the basis of the HPLC analysis, the radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity were &#x0003e;99%. The specific activity was 36.6 MBq/&#x003bc;g (0.99 mCi/&#x003bc;g) or 72.5 GBq/&#x003bc;mol (1.958 Ci/&#x003bc;mol).</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=((86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe))+AND+(in+vitro)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biddlecombe et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>) performed <i>in vitro</i> internalization studies (<i>n</i> = 3) of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 in human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. The amount of specifically internalized <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 was 121.83 &#x000b1; 33.74 fmol/mg at 15 min after incubation and increased steadily to 512.04 &#x000b1; 83.41 fmol/mg at 20 h. The amount of surface-bound radioactivity was &#x0003c;100 fmol/mg at all times, and the maximum internalized radioactivity was 535 fmol/mg. In comparison, the <sup>86</sup>Y-MP2346 had a maximum internalization of 1,945 fmol/mg.</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="MP2346Cu64.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=((86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe))++AND+(mice)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Biodistribution studies of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 were performed in nude mice (<i>n</i> = 5) bearing human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 tumors in their flanks (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). Each mouse received 0.22&#x02013;0.27 kBq (8&#x02013;10 &#x003bc;Ci) radioactivity in 8&#x02013;10 ng of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 by i.v. administration. <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 showed rapid clearance of radioactivity from the blood over 24 h. The tumor radioactivity levels in percentage injected dose per gram (% ID/g) were 0.793 &#x000b1; 0.181 (1 h), 0.421 &#x000b1; 0.214 (4 h), and 0.309 &#x000b1; 0.199 (24 h). The tumor/blood ratios were 6.192 (1 h), 5.511 (4 h), and 4.487 (24 h), and the tumor/muscle ratios were 2.718 (1 h), 4.996 (4 h), and 9.056 (24 h). In comparison, the tumor radioactivity levels and tumor/organ ratios of <sup>86</sup>Y-MP2346 were significantly higher (<i>P</i> &#x0003c; 0.0005). At 1 h, the radioactivity levels (% ID/g) for major organs were 0.128 &#x000b1; 0.0015 (blood), 0.426 &#x000b1; 0.117 (lung), 1.329 &#x000b1; 0.304 (liver), 6.148 &#x000b1; 1.067 (kidney), 0.316 &#x000b1; 0.255 (muscle), 0.160 &#x000b1; 0.048 (heart), 0.885 &#x000b1; 0.928 (bone), and 4.387 &#x000b1; 1.090 (pancreas). At 24 h, these levels changed to 0.069 &#x000b1; 0.007 (blood), 0.218 &#x000b1; 0.043 (lung), 1.089 &#x000b1; 0.429 (liver), 1.222 &#x000b1; 0.296 (kidney), 0.034 &#x000b1; 0.013 (muscle), 0.1865 &#x000b1; 0.024 (heart), 0.038 &#x000b1; 0.026 (bone), and 1.155 &#x000b1; 0.327 (pancreas). Blocking studies with preinjection of 100 &#x003bc;g of [Tyr<sup>4</sup>]-BN immediately before radioligand injection were performed, and the mice were euthanized 1 h after injection. Radioactivity levels of both the tumor and GRP-R&#x02013;rich pancreas decreased significantly (<i>P</i> &#x0003c; 0.0005) to 0.099 &#x000b1; 0.134% ID/g and 0.464 &#x000b1; 0.259% ID/g, respectively. Similar trends were observed in other GRP-R&#x02013;rich organs.</p><p>PET imaging with computed tomography coregistration of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 was conducted in mice bearing PC-3 tumors (<i>n</i> = 3) with a dose of 4.625 MBq (0.125 mCi) in 125 ng peptide by i.v. administration (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). The images showed that the radioactivity distribution pattern was similar to that of the biodistribution studies. The tumor was clearly visualized for 1&#x02013;24 h. There was significant activity in the liver as shown by the biodistribution studies. The blocking study of mice coinjected with 100 &#x003bc;g [Tyr<sup>4</sup>]-BN and imaged side by side with mice that received only <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 showed a significant reduction of tumor radioactivity. The measured standard uptake value of <sup>64</sup>Cu-MP2346 for the tumor at 1 h after injection decreased from ~1 (range, 0.8-1) in the study without blocking to ~0.4 (0.2&#x02013;0.5) with blocking (extrapolated from Figure 4).</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=((86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe))+AND+(primate+NOT+human)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=((86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe))+AND+(primate+NOT+human)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=((86Y-Bombesin)+OR+(gastrin-releasing+peptide+probe))+AND+(humans)" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>NCI R24 CA86307, NIH/NCI SAIRP grant R24 CA83060, NCI Cancer Center Support Grant 1 P30 CA91842.</p></div><div id="MP2346Cu64.references"><h2 id="_MP2346Cu64_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.1">Biddlecombe G.B. , Rogers B.E. , de Visser M. , Parry J.J. , de Jong M. , Erion J.L. , Lewis J.S. Molecular imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-positive tumors in mice using 64Cu- and 86Y-DOTA-(Pro1,Tyr4)-bombesin(1-14). <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>18</strong>
</span>(3):72430.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17378600" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17378600</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.2">Smith C.J. , Gali H. , Sieckman G.L. , Higginbotham C. , Volkert W.A. , Hoffman T.J. Radiochemical investigations of (99m)Tc-N(3)S-X-BBN[7-14]NH(2): an in vitro/in vivo structure-activity relationship study where X = 0-, 3-, 5-, 8-, and 11-carbon tethering moieties. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>14</strong>
</span>(1):93102.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12526698" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12526698</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.3">Ma L. , Yu P. , Veerendra B. , Rold T.L. , Retzloff L. , Prasanphanich A. , Sieckman G. , Hoffman T.J. , Volkert W.A. , Smith C.J. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Alexa Fluor 680-Bombesin[7-14]NH(2) Peptide Conjugate, a High-Affinity Fluorescent Probe with High Selectivity for the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>6</strong>
</span>(3):17180.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17532883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17532883</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.4">Mantey S. , Frucht H. , Coy D.H. , Jensen R.T. Characterization of bombesin receptors using a novel, potent, radiolabeled antagonist that distinguishes bombesin receptor subtypes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Pharmacol. </span>1993;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>43</strong>
</span>(5):76274.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7684815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7684815</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.5">Benya R.V. , Kusui T. , Pradhan T.K. , Battey J.F. , Jensen R.T. Expression and characterization of cloned human bombesin receptors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Pharmacol. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>47</strong>
</span>(1):1020.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7838118" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7838118</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.6">Reubi J.C. , Wenger S. , Schmuckli-Maurer J. , Schaer J.C. , Gugger M. Bombesin receptor subtypes in human cancers: detection with the universal radioligand (125)I-[D-TYR(6), beta-ALA(11), PHE(13), NLE(14)] bombesin(6-14). <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>8</strong>
</span>(4):113946.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11948125" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11948125</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.7">Smith C.J. , Volkert W.A. , Hoffman T.J. Radiolabeled peptide conjugates for targeting of the bombesin receptor superfamily subtypes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>32</strong>
</span>(7):73340.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16243649" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16243649</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.8">Nock B. , Nikolopoulou A. , Chiotellis E. , Loudos G. , Maintas D. , Reubi J.C. , Maina T. [99mTc]Demobesin 1, a novel potent bombesin analogue for GRP receptor-targeted tumour imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>30</strong>
</span>(2):24758.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12552343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12552343</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.9">Smith C.J. , Volkert W.A. , Hoffman T.J. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor targeted radiopharmaceuticals: a concise update. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>30</strong>
</span>(8):8618.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14698790" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14698790</span></a>]</div></dd><li><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.10">10. de Visser, M., H.F. Bernard, J.L. Erion, M.A. Schmidt, A. Srinivasan, B. Waser, J.C. Reubi, E.P. Krenning, and M. de Jong, Novel (111)In-labelled bombesin analogues for molecular imaging of prostate tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2007. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17287960" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17287960</span></a>]</div></li><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.11">Ferro-Flores G. , Arteaga de Murphy C. , Rodriguez-Cortes J. , Pedraza-Lopez M. , Ramirez-Iglesias M.T. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Lys 3]-bombesin for imaging gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-positive tumours. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Commun. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>27</strong>
</span>(4):3716.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16531924" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16531924</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.12">Breeman W.A. , Bakker W.H. , De Jong M. , Hofland L.J. , Kwekkeboom D.J. , Kooij P.P. , Visser T.J. , Krenning E.P. Studies on radiolabeled somatostatin analogues in rats and in patients. <span><span class="ref-journal">Q J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>40</strong>
</span>(3):20920.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961800" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8961800</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.13">Zhang X. , Cai W. , Cao F. , Schreibmann E. , Wu Y. , Wu J.C. , Xing L. , Chen X. 18F-labeled bombesin analogs for targeting GRP receptor-expressing prostate cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>47</strong>
</span>(3):492501.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513619" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16513619</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.14">Breeman W.A. , De Jong M. , Bernard B.F. , Kwekkeboom D.J. , Srinivasan A. , van der Pluijm M.E. , Hofland L.J. , Visser T.J. , Krenning E.P. Pre-clinical evaluation of [(111)In-DTPA-Pro(1), Tyr(4)]bombesin, a new radioligand for bombesin-receptor scintigraphy. <span><span class="ref-journal">Int J Cancer. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>83</strong>
</span>(5):65763.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10521803" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10521803</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.15">Breeman W.A. , de Jong M. , Erion J.L. , Bugaj J.E. , Srinivasan A. , Bernard B.F. , Kwekkeboom D.J. , Visser T.J. , Krenning E.P. Preclinical comparison of (111)In-labeled DTPA- or DOTA-bombesin analogs for receptor-targeted scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>43</strong>
</span>(12):16506.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12468515" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12468515</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MP2346Cu64.EXTYLES.16">Chen X. , Park R. , Hou Y. , Tohme M. , Shahinian A.H. , Bading J.R. , Conti P.S. microPET and autoradiographic imaging of GRP receptor expression with 64Cu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin in human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>45</strong>
</span>(8):13907.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15299066" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15299066</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><div>This MICAD chapter is not included in the Open Access Subset, because it was authored / co-authored by one or more investigators who was not a member of the MICAD staff.</div></p></div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23640/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23640/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23640" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23640" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Cheng KT, Lewis JS, Biddlecombe GB. 64Cu-DOTA-[Pro1,Tyr4]-Bombesin[1-14] 2007 Aug 16 [Updated 2008 Jan 8]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23640/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23640.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (144K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.Background" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#MP2346Cu64.references" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR &quot;Magnetic resonance imaging&quot; OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value="&quot;Hyperpolarized 13C&quot;">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value="&quot;Iron oxide&quot;">Iron oxide</option><option value="&quot;Nitroxide radicals&quot;">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="(&quot;Iron oxide&quot; AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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