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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2011/11/17" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="22132430" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66164/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2011/11/17" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66164/" /><meta name="description" content="Ultrasound is the most widely used imaging modality (1), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging is expanding with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) (2). MBs are composed of spherical cavities filled with a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of MBs. MBs are usually 1–8 μm in diameter, and they provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. MBs are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (3-5). They also have the potential to be used for drug and gene delivery (6)." /><meta name="og:title" content="Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Ultrasound is the most widely used imaging modality (1), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging is expanding with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) (2). MBs are composed of spherical cavities filled with a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of MBs. MBs are usually 1–8 μm in diameter, and they provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. MBs are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (3-5). They also have the potential to be used for drug and gene delivery (6)." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66164/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/MMP2-MB/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66164/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK66164_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK66164_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MBInt/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/MB-cAbVCAM1-5/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK66164_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">MMP2-MBs</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK66164_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK66164_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">August 15, 2011</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 17, 2011</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="MMP2-MB.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles_c" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK66164/table/MMP2-MB.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles_c/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__MMP2-MB.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles_c_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MMP2-MBs, TMB<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Agent Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antibody</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enzyme</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Source of signal / contrast:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbubbles (MBs)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
|
||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No structure is currently available in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="MMP2-MB.Background"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Ultrasound is the most widely used imaging modality (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.1">1</a>), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging is expanding with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.2">2</a>). MBs are composed of spherical cavities filled with a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of MBs. MBs are usually 1–8 μm in diameter, and they provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. MBs are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.3" data-bk-pop-others="MMP2-MB.REF.4 MMP2-MB.REF.5">3-5</a>). They also have the potential to be used for drug and gene delivery (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.6">6</a>).</p><p>Extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion molecules consist of a complex network of fibronectins, collagens, chondroitins, laminins, glycoproteins, heparin sulfate, tenascins, and proteoglycans that surround connective tissue cells, and they are mainly secreted by fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.7">7</a>). Cell substrate adhesion molecules are considered essential regulators of cell migration, differentiation, and tissue integrity and remodeling. These molecules play a role in inflammation and atherogenesis, but they also participate in the process of invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in the host tissue (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.8">8</a>). Invasive tumor cells adhere to the ECM, which provides a matrix environment for permeation of tumor cells through the basal lamina and underlying interstitial stroma of the connective tissue. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other proteases by tumor cells allows intravasation of tumor cells into the circulatory system after degrading the basement membrane and ECM (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.9">9</a>).</p><p>Several families of MMPs are involved in atherogenesis, myocardial infarction, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion and metastases (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.10" data-bk-pop-others="MMP2-MB.REF.11 MMP2-MB.REF.12">10-12</a>). MMP expression in normal cells, such as trophoblasts, osteoclasts, neutrophils, and macrophages, is highly regulated. Elevated levels of MMPs have been found in tumors associated with a poor prognosis for cancer patients (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.13">13</a>). MMP2 is one of the major enzymes involved in the remodeling of the left ventricle after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in the heart (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.14">14</a>). Su et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.15">15</a>) conjugated anti-MMP2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595 to microbubbles containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) (MMP2-MBs) for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of MMP2 expression in a post-I/R remodeling rat model.</p><div id="MMP2-MB.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=books&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=MMP+AND+micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MMP</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/4313" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MMP2</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/120360" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MMP2</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=matrix+metalloproteinases+" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MMP</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug information in FDA (<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=matrix+metalloproteinases+&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=10&y=10" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MMP</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="MMP2-MB.Synthesis"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Su et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.15">15</a>) reported the preparation of MMP2-MBs. Hexafluoride gas was dispersed by sonication of an aqueous solution of PEG, sorbitan sterate, and Tween-80 to form a PEG contrast MB (MB<sub>c</sub>). MMP2 monoclonal antibody sc-13595 (~1.4 nmol) was incubated with 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> MB<sub>c</sub> for 10 min at 4°C. Unbounded antibody was removed from MMP2-MBs by centrifugal washings. MMP2-MBs had a mean diameter of 3.36 ± 1.61 µm. Attachment of antibody to the MB shell was confirmed with flow cytometry and microscopy. The number of antibody molecules per MB was not reported.</p></div><div id="MMP2-MB.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cell"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cell_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles+in+vitro+studies" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Su et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.15">15</a>) performed <i>in vitro</i> binding of MB<sub>c</sub> and MMP2-Mbs to myocardial tissue sections from normal rats and 1-week post-I/R rats. MMP2-Mbs bound abundantly within the risk area of I/R myocardial sections with rare binding in the control area. Little binding was observed with MB<sub>c</sub> in the risk area or control area. No binding was observed with MB<sub>c</sub> and MMP2-MBs in the myocardial sections of control rats.</p></div><div id="MMP2-MB.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="MMP2-MB.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Su et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MMP2-MB.REF.15">15</a>) performed ultrasound studies of MB<sub>c</sub> and MMP2-MBs binding in normal rats (<i>n</i> = 3/group) and 1-week post-I/R rats (<i>n</i> = 3/group). Myocardial contrast echocardiography was first performed to induce microvascular permeability in the heart tissue. Ultrasound was then performed at 10 min after injection of MB<sub>c</sub> or MMP2-MBs (2 × 10<sup>6</sup>/rat). The mean myocardial video intensity in the risk area were 1.02 ± 0.19 and 1.76 ± 0.25 for MB<sub>c</sub> and MMP2-MBs, respectively. The contrast enhancement of MMP2-MBs to the risk area was significantly higher than that of MB<sub>c</sub> (<i>P</i> < 0.01). No retention of MB<sub>c</sub> (1.01 ± 0.11) or MMP2-MBs (1.02 ± 0.14) was observed in the myocardial tissue of control rats. Histological and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the co-localization of MMP2-MBs to MMP2 in the risk area of 1-week post-I/R rats. No retention of MB<sub>c</sub> was observed in the risk area, and no retention of MMP2-MBs was observed in the control area. No blocking studies were performed.</p></div><div id="MMP2-MB.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="MMP2-MB.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles+Non+Human+Primates" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div></div><div id="MMP2-MB.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=matrix%20metalloproteinase%202%20microbubbles+Human+Studies" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="MMP2-MB.References"><h2 id="_MMP2-MB_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.1">Wells P.N.
|
||
<em>Physics and engineering: milestones in medicine.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Med Eng Phys. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(3):147–53.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11410379" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11410379</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.2">Liang H.D., Blomley M.J.
|
||
<em>The role of ultrasound in molecular imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Radiol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">76</span>(Spec No 2):S140–50.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15572336" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15572336</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.3">Klibanov A.L.
|
||
<em>Ligand-carrying gas-filled microbubbles: ultrasound contrast agents for targeted molecular imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">16</span>(1):9–17.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15656569</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.4">Lindner J.R.
|
||
<em>Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Drug Discov. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(6):527–32.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15173842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15173842</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.5">Villanueva F.S., Wagner W.R., Vannan M.A., Narula J.
|
||
<em>Targeted ultrasound imaging using microbubbles.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiol Clin. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(2):283–98.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15158940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15158940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.6">Dijkmans P.A., Juffermans L.J., Musters R.J., van Wamel A., ten Cate F.J., van Gilst W., Visser C.A., de Jong N., Kamp O.
|
||
<em>Microbubbles and ultrasound: from diagnosis to therapy.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Echocardiogr. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">5</span>(4):245–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15219539" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15219539</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.7">Bosman F.T., Stamenkovic I.
|
||
<em>Functional structure and composition of the extracellular matrix.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Pathol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">200</span>(4):423–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12845610" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12845610</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.8">Jiang W.G., Puntis M.C., Hallett M.B.
|
||
<em>Molecular and cellular basis of cancer invasion and metastasis: implications for treatment.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Surg. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">81</span>(11):1576–90.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7827878" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7827878</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.9">Albelda S.M.
|
||
<em>Role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in tumor progression and metastasis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Lab Invest. </span>1993;<span class="ref-vol">68</span>(1):4–17.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8423675" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8423675</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.10">Berchem G., Glondu M., Gleizes M., Brouillet J.P., Vignon F., Garcia M., Liaudet-Coopman E.
|
||
<em>Cathepsin-D affects multiple tumor progression steps in vivo: proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Oncogene. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">21</span>(38):5951–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12185597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12185597</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.11">Brix, K., A. Dunkhorst, K. Mayer, and S. Jordans, <em>Cysteine cathepsins: Cellular roadmap to different functions.</em> Biochimie, 2007. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17825974" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17825974</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.12">Liu J., Sukhova G.K., Sun J.S., Xu W.H., Libby P., Shi G.P.
|
||
<em>Lysosomal cysteine proteases in atherosclerosis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">24</span>(8):1359–66.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15178558" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15178558</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.13">Deryugina E.I., Quigley J.P.
|
||
<em>Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor metastasis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Metastasis Rev. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">25</span>(1):9–34.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16680569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16680569</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.14">Wang W., Schulze C.J., Suarez-Pinzon W.L., Dyck J.R., Sawicki G., Schulz R.
|
||
<em>Intracellular action of matrix metalloproteinase-2 accounts for acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Circulation. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">106</span>(12):1543–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234962" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234962</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MMP2-MB.REF.15">Su H., Du Y., Qian Y., Zong Y., Li J., Zhuang R., He J., Wei Z., Zhang J., Zhou X.
|
||
<em>Targeted ultrasound contrast imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in ischemia-reperfusion rat model: ex vivo and in vivo studies.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging Biol. </span>2011;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>(2):293–302.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20544295" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20544295</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK66164</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22132430" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">22132430</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MBInt/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/MB-cAbVCAM1-5/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK66164/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK66164/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK66164" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK66164" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Microbubbles conjugated with anti-matrix metalloproteinase 2 mouse monoclonal antibody sc-13595. 2011 Aug 15 [Updated 2011 Nov 17]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK66164/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK66164.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (135K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cell" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MMP2-MB.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR 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class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/22649803" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (123)I-c(RGDfK)-human serum albumin-tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 fusion protein.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (123)I-c(RGDfK)-human serum albumin-tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 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