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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2012/06/14" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="22720336" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97824/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2012/06/14" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97824/" /><meta name="description" content="Ultrasound is a widely used imaging modality (1), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) is expanding (2). MBs are comprised of spherical cavities encapsulated in a shell and filled with a gas. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactants, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymers. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the MB shell surface. MBs are usually 2–8 μm in size. MBs of this size provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (2-4). They also can potentially be used for drug and gene delivery (5)." /><meta name="og:title" content="Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Ultrasound is a widely used imaging modality (1), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) is expanding (2). MBs are comprised of spherical cavities encapsulated in a shell and filled with a gas. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactants, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymers. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the MB shell surface. MBs are usually 2–8 μm in size. MBs of this size provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (2-4). They also can potentially be used for drug and gene delivery (5)." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97824/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97824/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK97824_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK97824_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/RGDMB/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/BR55/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK97824_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">MBvM</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK97824_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK97824_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">February 27, 2012</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">June 14, 2012</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.T.nc_chemical_namemagn" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK97824/table/MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.T.nc_chemical_namemagn/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.T.nc_chemical_namemagn_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MBvM</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Agent category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibody</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesion molecule</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound (US)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Source of signal:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbubbles</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
|
||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&id=54648638" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=46249772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=7412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about VCAM-1.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Background"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=VCAM-1+microbubble" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Ultrasound is a widely used imaging modality (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.1">1</a>), and its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (MBs) is expanding (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.2">2</a>). MBs are comprised of spherical cavities encapsulated in a shell and filled with a gas. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactants, denatured human serum albumin, or synthetic polymers. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the MB shell surface. MBs are usually 2–8 μm in size. MBs of this size provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.2" data-bk-pop-others="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.3 MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.4">2-4</a>). They also can potentially be used for drug and gene delivery (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.5">5</a>).</p><p>Endothelial cells are important cells in inflammatory responses (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.6" data-bk-pop-others="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.7">6, 7</a>). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virus, inflammation, and tissue injury increase tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and other cytokine and chemokine secretion. Leukocyte emigration from blood is dependent on their ability to roll along endothelial cell surfaces and subsequently adhere to endothelial cell surfaces. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines induce chemokine secretion from endothelial cells and other vascular cells and increase their expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), integrins, and selectins. Chemokines are chemotactic toward leukocytes and toward sites of inflammation and tissue injury. The movements of leukocytes through endothelial junctions into the extravascular space are highly orchestrated through various interactions with different adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.8">8</a>).</p><p>VCAM-1 is found in very low amounts or nod-detectable on the cell surface of resting endothelial cells and other vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.9" data-bk-pop-others="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.10 MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.11 MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.12 MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.13">9-13</a>). VCAM-1 binds to very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin on the cell surface of leukocytes. IL-1 and TNFα increase expression of VCAM-1 and other cell adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelial cells, which leads to leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium. Furthermore, VCAM-1 expression was also induced by oxidized low-density lipoproteins under atherogenic conditions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.14">14</a>). Overexpression of VCAM-1 by atherosclerotic lesions plays an important role in their progression toward vulnerable plaques, which may erode and rupture. MBs targeted with monoclonal antibody against VCAM-1 are being developed as a noninvasive agent for VCAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells during different stages of inflammation in atherosclerosis (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.15">15</a>). However, MBs tend to remain close to the axial center of blood vessels and have a small rate of adhesion to the target endothelium (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.16">16</a>). Wu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.17">17</a>) prepared magnetic MBs coupled with rat anti-mouse VCAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 429 (MBvM) to evaluate the efficacy of MBvM to enhance the ultrasound contrast of atherosclerosis in the aorta using a magnetic field guidance system. Their studies showed that the use of MBvM resulted in greater attachment to atherosclerotic aortas in apolipoprotein E (APOE)–deficient mice on a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) than did the use of nonmagnetic targeted MBs.</p><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=VCAM-1+AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/7412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>, <a href="/gene/348" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">APOE</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/192225" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">VCAM-1</a>, <a href="/omim/107741" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">APOE</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Synthesis"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+attachment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.17">17</a>) prepared biotinylated MBs by sonication of an aqueous dispersion of decafluorobutane gas, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, polyoxyethylene-40-stearate, and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol(PEG2000)-biotin. MBs were combined with magnetic streptavidin, washed, and conjugated with 0.33 nmol/10<sup>8</sup> MBs biotinylated rat mAb 429 against mouse VCAM-1 (MBvM) or control inactive mAb (MBiM). Nonmagnetic MBs coupled with mAb 429 (MBv) were prepared similarly using nonmagnetic streptavidin. The three types of MBs were ~2.2 μm in diameter. The streptavidin:mAb:MB ratio was estimated to be ~100,000:300,000:1.</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.In_Vitro_Studies_Testi"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_In_Vitro_Studies_Testi_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.17">17</a>) performed perfusion of MBvM, MBv, or MBiM (5 × 10<sup>6</sup>/ml) through the flow chamber coated with VCAM-1-Fc chimera at wall shear rates of 1.0–24.0 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup> (<i>n</i> = 5/group). In the absence of magnetic field guidance, both MBvM and MBv showed ~50 MBs per field at 1 dyne/cm<sup>2</sup>, whereas MBiM showed minimal attachment. The MB attachment decreased with increasing shear rates, with minimal attachment at 8 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>. In the presence of magnetic field guidance, attachment of MBvM was significantly higher than that of MBv at all shear rates (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There were 260, 120, and 10 MBs at 4 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup> for MBvM, MBv, and MBiM, respectively. At 20 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>, there were 80, 0, and 0 MBs for MBvM, MBv, and MBiM, respectively. After termination of magnetic field guidance, MBvM remained firmly attached even at higher shear rates. All experiments were performed in a double-blinded manner.</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wu et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.17">17</a>) determined MBvM, MBv, or MBiM attachment to excised aorta at 10 min after intravenous injection in wild-type (C57) or APOE-deficient mice on either regular diet (RD) or hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) (<i>n</i> = 10–14/group). The first 5 min after MB injection was under magnetic field guidance, and then 5 min passed without this guidance. Aortas were removed at 10 min after injection for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) molecular imaging. Median CEU video intensity signals for MBvM were 28, 15, 9, and 3 for APOE-HCD, APOE-RD, C57-HCD, and C57-RD, respectively. Median CEU video intensity signals for MBv were 10, 6, 3, and 2 for APOE-HCD, APOE-RD, C57-HCD, and C57-RD, respectively. Median CEU video intensity signals for MBiM were 3, 3, 2, and 1 for APOE-HCD, APOE-RD, C57-HCD, and C57-RD, respectively. MBvM provided greater video intensity signals than those of MBv (<i>P</i> < 0.001), which provided greater video intensity signals than MBiM in the four groups of mice (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The aortas from APOE-HCD mice provided the greatest video intensity signals for MBiM compared to the aortas from the other three groups of mice (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis of the aorta sections showed expression of VCAM-1 in the rank order of APOE-HCD >> APOE-RD > C57-HCD > C57-RD. All experiments were performed in a double-blinded manner. No blocking studies were performed with non-biotinylated mAb 429.</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Other_NonPrimate_Mamma"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+(dog+or+pig+or+sheep+or+rabbit)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+(primate+not+human)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=Microbubbles+VCAM-1+and+human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.NIH_support"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_NIH_support_">NIH support</h2><p>R21/33 CA102880</p></div><div id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.References"><h2 id="_MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.1">Wells P.N.
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<em>Physics and engineering: milestones in medicine.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Med Eng Phys. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(3):147–53.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11410379" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11410379</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.2">Lindner J.R.
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<em>Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Drug Discov. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(6):527–32.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15173842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15173842</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.3">Klibanov A.L.
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<em>Ligand-carrying gas-filled microbubbles: ultrasound contrast agents for targeted molecular imaging.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">16</span>(1):9–17.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15656569</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.4">Villanueva F.S., Wagner W.R., Vannan M.A., Narula J.
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<em>Targeted ultrasound imaging using microbubbles.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiol Clin. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(2):283–98.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15158940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15158940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.5">Dijkmans P.A., Juffermans L.J., Musters R.J., van Wamel A., ten Cate F.J., van Gilst W., Visser C.A., de Jong N., Kamp O.
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<em>Microbubbles and ultrasound: from diagnosis to therapy.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Echocardiogr. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">5</span>(4):245–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15219539" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15219539</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.6">Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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<em>Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Immunol Rev. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">186</span>:19–36.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234359</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.8">Vanderslice P., Woodside D.G.
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<em>Integrin antagonists as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Opin Investig Drugs. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(10):1235–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16989599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.9">Bochner B.S., Luscinskas F.W., Gimbrone M.A. Jr, Newman W., Sterbinsky S.A., Derse-Anthony C.P., Klunk D., Schleimer R.P.
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<em>Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Exp Med. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">173</span>(6):1553–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2190849/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2190849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1709678" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1709678</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.10">Kume N., Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
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<em>Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells.</em>
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<em>Release of soluble ICAM-1 from human lung fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and keratinocytes.</em>
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<em>Cytokine-activated human endothelial monolayers support enhanced neutrophil transmigration via a mechanism involving both endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiovasc Pathol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>(3):125–38.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15081469" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15081469</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.15">Kaufmann B.A., Sanders J.M., Davis C., Xie A., Aldred P., Sarembock I.J., Lindner J.R.
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<em>Microvascular rheology of Definity microbubbles after intra-arterial and intravenous administration.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Am Soc Echocardiogr. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(5):396–403.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12019422" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12019422</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.REF.17">Wu J., Leong-Poi H., Bin J., Yang L., Liao Y., Liu Y., Cai J., Xie J.
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<em>Efficacy of contrast-enhanced US and magnetic microbubbles targeted to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Radiology. </span>2011;<span class="ref-vol">260</span>(2):463–71.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21555346" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21555346</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK97824/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK97824/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK97824" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK97824" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429. 2012 Feb 27 [Updated 2012 Jun 14]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK97824/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK97824.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (140K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.In_Vitro_Studies_Testi" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.NIH_support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH support</a></li><li><a href="#MBm-VCAM-1-mAb429.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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