556 lines
No EOL
84 KiB
HTML
556 lines
No EOL
84 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
||
|
||
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
||
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK24611" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="micad" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="record" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK24611/" /><meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="chapter" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
|
||
<!-- Logger end -->
|
||
|
||
<title>Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2012/04/17" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641950" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24611/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2012/04/17" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24611/" /><meta name="description" content="Ultrasound is widely used imaging modality (1) and is expanding its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (2). Microbubbles are comprised of spherical cavities filled by a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of microbubbles. Microbubbles are usually 2 to 8 μm in size. They provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (3-5). They are also potentially used for drug and gene delivery (6)." /><meta name="og:title" content="Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Ultrasound is widely used imaging modality (1) and is expanding its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (2). Microbubbles are comprised of spherical cavities filled by a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of microbubbles. Microbubbles are usually 2 to 8 μm in size. They provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (3-5). They are also potentially used for drug and gene delivery (6)." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24611/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/micad/MB-ICAM-1/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24611/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta end -->
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8C61737D6378F10000000000F700D4.m_13" />
|
||
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/4008682/4207974/4206132/4062871/12930/3964959/3854974/36029/4128070/9685/3549676/3609192/3609193/3609213/3395586.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
|
||
<body class="book-part">
|
||
<div class="grid">
|
||
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
|
||
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
|
||
<div class="sysmessages">
|
||
<noscript>
|
||
<p class="nojs">
|
||
<strong>Warning:</strong>
|
||
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
|
||
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</noscript>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.sysmessage-->
|
||
<div class="wrap">
|
||
<div class="page">
|
||
<div class="top">
|
||
<div id="universal_header">
|
||
<section class="usa-banner">
|
||
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
||
<header class="usa-banner-header">
|
||
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
|
||
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
|
||
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
|
||
<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
|
||
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
|
||
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
|
||
<br />
|
||
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
|
||
sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
|
||
government site.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
|
||
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
|
||
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
|
||
<br />
|
||
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
|
||
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
|
||
and transmitted securely.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
||
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
|
||
|
||
<div class="usa-grid">
|
||
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
|
||
|
||
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
|
||
<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
|
||
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
|
||
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
|
||
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
|
||
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20px" height="20px">
|
||
<g style="fill: #fff">
|
||
<ellipse cx="12" cy="8" rx="5" ry="6"></ellipse>
|
||
<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
|
||
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
|
||
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
|
||
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
|
||
<span class="fa fa-times">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" width="24px" height="24px">
|
||
<path d="M38 12.83l-2.83-2.83-11.17 11.17-11.17-11.17-2.83 2.83 11.17 11.17-11.17 11.17 2.83 2.83 11.17-11.17 11.17 11.17 2.83-2.83-11.17-11.17z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
|
||
<h4>Account</h4>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="account-user-info">
|
||
Logged in as:<br />
|
||
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="account-links">
|
||
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
|
||
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
|
||
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
|
||
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
|
||
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
|
||
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
|
||
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section data-section="Alerts">
|
||
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header">
|
||
<div class="res_logo"><h1 class="res_name"><a href="/books/" title="Bookshelf home">Bookshelf</a></h1><h2 class="res_tagline"></h2></div>
|
||
<div class="search"><form method="get" action="/books/"><div class="search_form"><label for="database" class="offscreen_noflow">Search database</label><select id="database"><optgroup label="Recent"><option value="books" selected="selected" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="refseq" class="last">RefSeq</option></optgroup><optgroup label="All"><option value="gquery">All Databases</option><option value="assembly">Assembly</option><option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option><option value="bioproject">BioProject</option><option value="biosample">BioSample</option><option value="books" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option><option value="gap">dbGaP</option><option value="dbvar">dbVar</option><option value="gene">Gene</option><option value="genome">Genome</option><option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option><option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option><option value="gtr">GTR</option><option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option><option value="medgen">MedGen</option><option value="mesh">MeSH</option><option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="omim">OMIM</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="protein">Protein</option><option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option><option value="protfam">Protein Family Models</option><option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option><option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option><option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="snp">SNP</option><option value="sra">SRA</option><option value="structure">Structure</option><option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option><option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option><option value="toolkitbookgh">ToolKitBookgh</option></optgroup></select><div class="nowrap"><label for="term" class="offscreen_noflow" accesskey="/">Search term</label><div class="nowrap"><input type="text" name="term" id="term" title="Search Books. Use up and down arrows to choose an item from the autocomplete." value="" class="jig-ncbiclearbutton jig-ncbiautocomplete" data-jigconfig="dictionary:'bookshelf-search',disableUrl:'NcbiSearchBarAutoComplCtrl'" autocomplete="off" data-sbconfig="ds:'no',pjs:'no',afs:'no'" /></div><button id="search" type="submit" class="button_search nowrap" cmd="go">Search</button></div></div></form><ul class="searchlinks inline_list"><li>
|
||
<a href="/books/browse/">Browse Titles</a>
|
||
</li><li>
|
||
<a href="/books/advanced/">Advanced</a>
|
||
</li><li class="help">
|
||
<a href="/books/NBK3833/">Help</a>
|
||
</li><li class="disclaimer">
|
||
<a target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="link_click" data-ga-label="disclaimer_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/about/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
|
||
</li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<!-- site messages -->
|
||
<!-- Custom content 1 -->
|
||
<div class="col1">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div id="maincontent" class="content eight_col col">
|
||
<!-- Custom content in the left column above book nav -->
|
||
<div class="col2">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Book content -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom content between navigation and content -->
|
||
<div class="col3">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="document">
|
||
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK24611_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK24611_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/VEGFR2MB/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/MB-MAdCAM-1/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK24611_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub></div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK24611_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK24611_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 21, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">April 17, 2012</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="MB-ICAM-1.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK24611/table/MB-ICAM-1.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__MB-ICAM-1.T.nc_chemical_namemicrobubbles_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Agent category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibody</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adhesion molecule</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound (US)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Source of signal:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Microbubbles</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
|
||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&val=825682" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">protein</a>, <a href="/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=4557877" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">nucleotide</a> (RefSeq), and <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=3383" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">gene</a> for more information about ICAM-1.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Background"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Ultrasound is widely used imaging modality (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.1">1</a>) and is expanding its role in noninvasive molecular imaging with ligand-carrying microbubbles (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.2">2</a>). Microbubbles are comprised of spherical cavities filled by a gas encapsulated in a shell. The shells are made of phospholipids, surfactant, denatured human serum albumin or synthetic polymer. Ligands and antibodies can be incorporated into the shell surface of microbubbles. Microbubbles are usually 2 to 8 μm in size. They provide a strongly reflective interface and resonate to ultrasound waves. They are used as ultrasound contrast agents in imaging of inflammation, angiogenesis, intravascular thrombus, and tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.3" data-bk-pop-others="MB-ICAM-1.REF.4 MB-ICAM-1.REF.5">3-5</a>). They are also potentially used for drug and gene delivery (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.6">6</a>).</p><p>Endothelial cells are important cells in inflammatory responses (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.7" data-bk-pop-others="MB-ICAM-1.REF.8">7, 8</a>). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, virus, inflammation, and tissue injury increase tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and other cytokine and chemokine secretion. Leukocyte emigration from blood is dependent on their rolling along endothelial cell surfaces and subsequently adherence to endothelial cell surfaces. Inflammatory mediators and cytokines induce chemokine secretion from endothelial cells and other vascular cells and increase their expression of cell surface adhesion molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), integrins and selectins. Chemokines are chemotactic to leukocytes to sites of inflammation and tissue injury. The movements of leukocytes through endothelial junctions into the extravascular space are highly orchestrated through various interactions with different adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.9">9</a>).</p><p>ICAM-1 is found on cell surface of endothelial cells and other vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.10" data-bk-pop-others="MB-ICAM-1.REF.11 MB-ICAM-1.REF.12 MB-ICAM-1.REF.13 MB-ICAM-1.REF.14">10-14</a>). It binds to counter-receptors on the cell-surface of leukocytes. IL-1 and TNFα increase ICAM-1 and other cell adhesion molecule expression on the vascular endothelial cells, leading to leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium. Microbubbles targeted with antibody against ICAM-1 are being developed as a noninvasive agent for ICAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells of dysfunctional endothelium (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.15" data-bk-pop-others="MB-ICAM-1.REF.16 MB-ICAM-1.REF.17 MB-ICAM-1.REF.18">15-18</a>).</p><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=ICAM-1+AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ICAM-1</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/3383" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ICAM-1</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/147840" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ICAM-1</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Synthesis"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>For targeted microbubbles, Weller et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.17">17</a>) prepared biotinylated microbubbles by sonication of an aqueous dispersion of decafluorobutane gas, phosphatidylcholine, polyethyleneglycol-(PEG-) stearate, and phosphatidylethanolamine-biotin in a 2:1:1 ratio by weight. Microbubbles were combined with streptavidin, washed, and conjugated with biotinylated mouse monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1(MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub>) or isotype control monoclonal antibody (MB<sub>iso</sub>). Control lipid microbubbles (MB<sub>c</sub>) were also prepared. The microbubbles are about 3.4 ± 1.2 microns in diameter. An antibody to microbubble ratio was estimated to be 60,000 ± 5,000 by flow cytometry. Alternatively, the primary amino groups of antibody were covalently conjugated to the carboxylic groups on the microbubble shell, which has been activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.15">15</a>).</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Villanueva et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.15">15</a>) reported that MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> (1<sup>_</sup>10 x 10<sup>8</sup>/ml) perfused through the flow chamber coated with endothelial cells at a wall shear rate of 25 s<sup>-1</sup>. There was a significantly greater number of MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> attached to IL-1 activated endothelial cells (8.0 ± 3.5 microbubbles/cell) than to normal endothelial cells (0.21 ± 0.09 microbubbles/cell). The number of adherent MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> to activated endothelial cell decreased to 2.6 ± 0.3 and 0.8 ± 0.4 at 100 and 1000 s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The number of MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> adherent to normal endothelial cell was only 0.1 at 1000 s<sup>-1</sup>. MB<sub>c</sub> and MB<sub>iso</sub> attachment to both activated and normal endothelial cells were minimal (0.03-0.05) at 25 s<sup>-1</sup> and there were no significant changes at higher wall shear rates.</p><p>Weller et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.16" data-bk-pop-others="MB-ICAM-1.REF.17 MB-ICAM-1.REF.19">16, 17, 19</a>) confirmed that microbubble shell antibody density and wall shear rate are critical parameters controlling microbubble targeted adhesion. Microbubble adhesion was significantly greater with greater anti-ICAM-1 antibody density of the microbubbles and greater ICAM-1 expression on the cell surface of the endothelial cells. On the other hand, microbubble adhesion to endothelial cells was inversely proportional to the wall shear rate. Therefore, accumulation and retention of MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> is possible under physiologic flow conditions and is strongly influenced by shear stress and surface density of the target receptor.</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Weller et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.16">16</a>) performed ultrasound assessment of acute cardiac transplant rejection with 2.5x10<sup>6</sup> MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> by triggered myocardial contrast echocardiography in rats. Cardiac ultrasound imaging of rejecting allograft transplants (10 ± 4 U, n = 8) showed that video intensity signal was significantly higher (<i>P</i><0.01) than control isograft transplants (1 ± 4 U, n = 7) for MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub>. On the other hand, MB<sub>c</sub> exhibited a minimal contrast in both the allograft and isograft transplants. Postmortem histology confirmed that the rejecting allograft transplants had a significantly higher ICAM-1 expression than the control isograft transplants.</p><p>Reinhardt et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.18">18</a>) performed ultrasound assessment of ICAM in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats by sensitive particle acoustic quantification (SPAQ), which allows qualification of microbubbles in high concentration and resolution in μm (<a class="bk_pop" href="#MB-ICAM-1.REF.20">20</a>). EAE was induced by transferring myelin basic protein activated T-cells intravenously into rats. On day 4, the brain and spinal cord was excised 30 min after injection of MB<sub>ICAM-1.</sub> Registration of acoustic counts during the first scan of the brain and the spinal cord revealed a significant higher ICAM-1 expression in AT-EAE rats (P <0.001, n = 6) that received MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> (~10,000-15,000 acoustic counts) than AT-EAE rats (n = 4) that received unspecific MB<sub>iso</sub> (~500 acoustic counts). In addition, only a marginal signal was detected in healthy controls (n = 4, ~500 acoustic counts) that received MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub>. Pretreatment of EAE rats with anti-ICAM-1 antibody or methylprednisolone (a therapeutic drug) before MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> injection decreased the acoustic counts by >75%. The whole brain scan of living anesthetized rats after injection of MB<sub>ICAM-1</sub> confirmed the ex-vivo experiments that healthy control rats (n = 3) showed only a marginal acoustic signal, whereas EAE rats (n = 3) exhibited a strong acoustic signal similar to the ex-vivo EAE brain.</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Microbubbles%20and%20ICAM-1%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>HL58865</p></div><div id="MB-ICAM-1.References"><h2 id="_MB-ICAM-1_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.1">Wells P.N.
|
||
<em>Physics and engineering: milestones in medicine.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Med Eng Phys. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(3):147–53.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11410379" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11410379</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.2">Liang H.D., Blomley M.J.
|
||
<em>The role of ultrasound in molecular imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Radiol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">76</span>(Spec No 2):S140–50.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15572336" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15572336</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.3">Klibanov A.L.
|
||
<em>Ligand-carrying gas-filled microbubbles: ultrasound contrast agents for targeted molecular imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">16</span>(1):9–17.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15656569</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.4">Lindner J.R.
|
||
<em>Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Drug Discov. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(6):527–32.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15173842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15173842</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.5">Villanueva F.S., Wagner W.R., Vannan M.A., Narula J.
|
||
<em>Targeted ultrasound imaging using microbubbles.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Cardiol Clin. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(2):283–98.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15158940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15158940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.6">Dijkmans P.A., Juffermans L.J., Musters R.J., van Wamel A., ten Cate F.J., van Gilst W., Visser C.A., de Jong N., Kamp O.
|
||
<em>Microbubbles and ultrasound: from diagnosis to therapy.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Echocardiogr. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">5</span>(4):245–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15219539" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15219539</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.7">Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
|
||
<em>Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Science. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">251</span>(4995):788–91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1990440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1990440</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.8">Lowe J.B.
|
||
<em>Glycosylation in the control of selectin counter-receptor structure and function.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Immunol Rev. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">186</span>:19–36.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234359</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.9">Vanderslice P., Woodside D.G.
|
||
<em>Integrin antagonists as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Opin Investig Drugs. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(10):1235–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16989599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16989599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.10">Bochner B.S., Luscinskas F.W., Gimbrone M.A. Jr, Newman W., Sterbinsky S.A., Derse-Anthony C.P., Klunk D., Schleimer R.P.
|
||
<em>Adhesion of human basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils to interleukin 1-activated human vascular endothelial cells: contributions of endothelial cell adhesion molecules.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Exp Med. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">173</span>(6):1553–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2190849/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2190849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1709678" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1709678</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.11">Kume N., Cybulsky M.I., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
|
||
<em>Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1992;<span class="ref-vol">90</span>(3):1138–44.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC329976/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC329976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1381720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1381720</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.12">Leung K.H.
|
||
<em>Release of soluble ICAM-1 from human lung fibroblasts, aortic smooth muscle cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, bronchial epithelial cells, and keratinocytes.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Biochem Biophys Res Commun. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">260</span>(3):734–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10403835" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10403835</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.13">Luscinskas F.W., Cybulsky M.I., Kiely J.M., Peckins C.S., Davis V.M., Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
|
||
<em>Cytokine-activated human endothelial monolayers support enhanced neutrophil transmigration via a mechanism involving both endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Immunol. </span>1991;<span class="ref-vol">146</span>(5):1617–25.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1704400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1704400</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.14">Nagel T., Resnick N., Atkinson W.J., Dewey C.F. Jr, Gimbrone M.A. Jr.
|
||
<em>Shear stress selectively upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Invest. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">94</span>(2):885–91.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC296171/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC296171</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7518844" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7518844</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.15">Villanueva F.S., Jankowski R.J., Klibanov S., Pina M.L., Alber S.M., Watkins S.C., Brandenburger G.H., Wagner W.R.
|
||
<em>Microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 bind to activated coronary artery endothelial cells.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Circulation. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">98</span>(1):1–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9665051" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9665051</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.16">Weller G.E., Lu E., Csikari M.M., Klibanov A.L., Fischer D., Wagner W.R., Villanueva F.S.
|
||
<em>Ultrasound imaging of acute cardiac transplant rejection with microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Circulation. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">108</span>(2):218–24.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12835214" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12835214</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.17">Weller G.E., Villanueva F.S., Klibanov A.L., Wagner W.R.
|
||
<em>Modulating targeted adhesion of an ultrasound contrast agent to dysfunctional endothelium.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Biomed Eng. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(8):1012–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12449762" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12449762</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.18">Reinhardt M., Hauff P., Linker R.A., Briel A., Gold R., Rieckmann P., Becker G., Toyka K.V., Maurer M., Schirner M.
|
||
<em>Ultrasound derived imaging and quantification of cell adhesion molecules in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by Sensitive Particle Acoustic Quantification (SPAQ).</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Neuroimage. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">27</span>(2):267–78.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905104" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15905104</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.19">Weller G.E., Villanueva F.S., Tom E.M., Wagner W.R.
|
||
<em>Targeted ultrasound contrast agents: in vitro assessment of endothelial dysfunction and multi-targeting to ICAM-1 and sialyl Lewisx.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Biotechnol Bioeng. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">92</span>(6):780–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16121392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16121392</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="MB-ICAM-1.REF.20">Reinhardt M., Hauff P., Briel A., Uhlendorf V., Linker R.A., Maurer M., Schirner M.
|
||
<em>Sensitive particle acoustic quantification (SPAQ): a new ultrasound-based approach for the quantification of ultrasound contrast media in high concentrations.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Invest Radiol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">40</span>(1):2–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15597013" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15597013</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK24611</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641950" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641950</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/VEGFR2MB/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/MB-MAdCAM-1/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom content below content -->
|
||
<div class="col4">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Book content -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom contetnt below bottom nav -->
|
||
<div class="col5">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="rightcolumn" class="four_col col last">
|
||
<!-- Custom content above discovery portlets -->
|
||
<div class="col6">
|
||
<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK24611&db=books">Share</a></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK24611/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK24611/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK24611" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK24611" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1. 2006 Dec 21 [Updated 2012 Apr 17]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK24611/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK24611.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (144K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#MB-ICAM-1.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
|
||
radionuclides</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="(Optical AND (64Cu OR 111In OR 177Lu))">Optical and
|
||
radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
|
||
europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=1503810" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1503810" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641955" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles coated with antibody to mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles coated with antibody to mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/22720336" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641954" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles coated with anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles coated with anti-P-selectin antibody RB40.34.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/22720335" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 nanobody cAbVCAM1-5.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641951" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 microbubbles.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 microbubbles.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=20641950" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=20641950" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d64ad2cde49f3df76a613e">Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 - Molecul...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d64ad12f30673f7b85183c">Microbubble-conjugated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal ...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Microbubble-conjugated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d64acf84f3725e59ba7e92">Microbubble-conjugated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding pep...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Microbubble-conjugated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding peptide - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d64acd84f3725e59ba7bc7">Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mon...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Magnetic microbubbles conjugated with anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody 429 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d64acc67c23b31e04131d6">Buried cyclo(Arg-Gly-Tyr(Me)-Lys-Glu) microbubbles - Molecular Imaging and Contr...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Buried cyclo(Arg-Gly-Tyr(Me)-Lys-Glu) microbubbles - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom content below discovery portlets -->
|
||
<div class="col7">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom content after all -->
|
||
<div class="col8">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col9">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.2.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
(function($){
|
||
$('.skiplink').each(function(i, item){
|
||
var href = $($(item).attr('href'));
|
||
href.attr('tabindex', '-1').addClass('skiptarget'); // ensure the target can receive focus
|
||
$(item).on('click', function(event){
|
||
event.preventDefault();
|
||
$.scrollTo(href, 0, {
|
||
onAfter: function(){
|
||
href.focus();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
})(jQuery);
|
||
</script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom">
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
var PBooksSearchTermData = {
|
||
highlighter: "bold",
|
||
dateTime: "03/15/2025 22:34:32",
|
||
terms: [
|
||
'Abnormal', 'carbohydrate', 'carbohydrates', 'carbohydrates', 'carbohydrates', 'circulating', 'concentration', 'practice guideline'
|
||
]
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
|
||
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
|
||
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer" id="footer">
|
||
<section class="icon-section">
|
||
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
|
||
<div class="grid-container container">
|
||
<div class="icon-section_container">
|
||
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
||
<defs>
|
||
<style>
|
||
.cls-11 {
|
||
fill: #737373;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
</defs>
|
||
<title>Twitter</title>
|
||
<path class="cls-11" d="M250.11,105.48c-7,3.14-13,3.25-19.27.14,8.12-4.86,8.49-8.27,11.43-17.46a78.8,78.8,0,0,1-25,9.55,39.35,39.35,0,0,0-67,35.85,111.6,111.6,0,0,1-81-41.08A39.37,39.37,0,0,0,81.47,145a39.08,39.08,0,0,1-17.8-4.92c0,.17,0,.33,0,.5a39.32,39.32,0,0,0,31.53,38.54,39.26,39.26,0,0,1-17.75.68,39.37,39.37,0,0,0,36.72,27.3A79.07,79.07,0,0,1,56,223.34,111.31,111.31,0,0,0,116.22,241c72.3,0,111.83-59.9,111.83-111.84,0-1.71,0-3.4-.1-5.09C235.62,118.54,244.84,113.37,250.11,105.48Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg></a>
|
||
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg></a>
|
||
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
||
<title>LinkedIn</title>
|
||
<path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg></a>
|
||
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
||
<defs>
|
||
<style>
|
||
.cls-11,
|
||
.cls-12 {
|
||
fill: #737373;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.cls-11 {
|
||
fill-rule: evenodd;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
</defs>
|
||
<title>GitHub</title>
|
||
<path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
|
||
</path>
|
||
<path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
|
||
</svg></a>
|
||
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
|
||
<defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs>
|
||
<title>NCBI Insights Blog</title>
|
||
<path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
|
||
<div class="container pt-5">
|
||
<div class="row mt-3">
|
||
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
||
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
|
||
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
|
||
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
||
<style type="text/css">
|
||
.st20 {
|
||
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.st30 {
|
||
fill: none;
|
||
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
||
stroke-width: 8;
|
||
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<title>Twitter</title>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<path class="st20" d="M192.9,88.1c-5,2.2-9.2,2.3-13.6,0.1c5.7-3.4,6-5.8,8.1-12.3c-5.4,3.2-11.4,5.5-17.6,6.7 c-10.5-11.2-28.1-11.7-39.2-1.2c-7.2,6.8-10.2,16.9-8,26.5c-22.3-1.1-43.1-11.7-57.2-29C58,91.6,61.8,107.9,74,116 c-4.4-0.1-8.7-1.3-12.6-3.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,13.2,9.3,24.6,22.3,27.2c-4.1,1.1-8.4,1.3-12.5,0.5c3.6,11.3,14,19,25.9,19.3 c-11.6,9.1-26.4,13.2-41.1,11.5c12.7,8.1,27.4,12.5,42.5,12.5c51,0,78.9-42.2,78.9-78.9c0-1.2,0-2.4-0.1-3.6 C182.7,97.4,189.2,93.7,192.9,88.1z"></path>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</g>
|
||
<circle class="st30" cx="124.4" cy="128.8" r="108.2"></circle>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg></a></li>
|
||
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
||
<style type="text/css">
|
||
.st10 {
|
||
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.st110 {
|
||
fill: none;
|
||
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
||
stroke-width: 8;
|
||
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</g>
|
||
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
||
<title>Youtube</title>
|
||
<style type="text/css">
|
||
.st4 {
|
||
fill: none;
|
||
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
||
stroke-width: 8;
|
||
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.st5 {
|
||
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
|
||
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
|
||
<path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
||
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
|
||
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
|
||
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
|
||
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
|
||
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
||
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
|
||
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
|
||
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
|
||
<nav class="bottom-links">
|
||
<ul class="mt-3">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1"> </script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js"> </script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.page-->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.wrap-->
|
||
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- /.grid -->
|
||
|
||
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- BESelector tab -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&ncbi_db=books&ncbi_pdid=book-part&ncbi_acc=NBK24611&ncbi_domain=micad&ncbi_report=record&ncbi_type=fulltext&ncbi_objectid=&ncbi_pcid=/NBK24611/&ncbi_pagename=Microbubbles coated with antibody to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf&ncbi_bookparttype=chapter&ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
|
||
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
||
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/4062932/4209313/4212053/4076480/3921943/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
||
</html> |