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<title>Lys-cys-cys-tyr-ser-leu-(gly-ser-gly)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-111In - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23014_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23014_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MLS128-SA-biotin/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/CNT-rituximab111In/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23014_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Lys-cys-cys-tyr-ser-leu-(gly-ser-gly)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-<i>N,N',N'',N'''</i>-tetraacetic acid-<sup>111</sup>In</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>111</sup>In-DOTA-(GSG)-KCCYSL</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Arvind Chopra</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23014_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23014_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Arvind Chopra</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">November 8, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">December 12, 2007</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23014/table/KCCYSLDOTA111In.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__KCCYSLDOTA111In.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lys-cys-cys-tyr-ser-leu-(gly-ser-gly)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>',<i>N</i>'',<i>N</i>'''-tetraacetic acid-<sup>111</sup>In</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>111</sup>In-DOTA-(GSG)-KCCYSL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ErbB-2 extracellular domain</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor-ligand binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or planar gamma imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>111</sup>In</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Background"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) are known to play a role in the neoplastic transformation of cells (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). The EGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor family that includes four members, EGFR and three other human EGF receptors (HERs) designated as HER2/ErbB2, HER3/ErbB3, and HER4/ErbB4. The four receptors constitute the HER-kinase axis and regulate cellular responses through complex receptor–ligand interactions. The various signal transduction pathways that respond to EGFR activation and mediate cell responses have been described by Brandt et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.2">2</a>). The various EGFRs are known to be amplified, mutated, or overexpressed in several cancers and are a target for the development of pharmaceutical agents that inhibit either the receptor or the signal transduction pathway (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). It has also been reported that the detection of circulating ErbB2-positive tumor cells indicates a poor prognosis for the cancer patient (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.4">4</a>). A variety of inhibitors, including small molecules, antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies, have been developed and tested against the EGFRs for the treatment of cancer (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.5">5</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). However, to achieve therapeutic effects the receptor or signal transduction pathway must be involved in maintenance of the malignant phenotype because HER inhibitor therapy does not necessarily result in treatment of a cancer (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.7">7</a>).</p><p>The use of antibodies alone against EGFR (e.g., cetuximab) and ErbB2 (e.g., trastuzumab) for the treatment of cancer has yielded only moderate results, and it has been observed that antibodies are most useful when used in combination with chemotherapy (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.8">8</a>). In some cases cardiotoxicity has been reported in individuals treated with trastuzumab in combination with some chemotherapeutic agents (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). In an effort to develop better and safer anti-cancer drugs, investigators have attempted to use peptides that bind to receptors on tumors to treat the disease (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.10">10</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.11">11</a>). The development of peptide pharmaceuticals has also been pursued because, compared to the larger biomolecules such as antibodies, these molecules are easier to synthesize and have low immunogenicity, rapid blood clearance, and a higher uptake in tumor tissue (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.12">12</a>). Using bacteriophage technology, a peptide of six amino acids, lys-cys-cys-tyr-ser-leu (KCCYSL), that specifically recognizes and binds the extracellular domain of ErbB2 was identified, and the investigators hypothesized that the peptide could be developed into an imaging and therapeutic agent against cancer cells that overexpress ErbB2 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.13">13</a>). As an extension to the earlier study, the tumor imaging and targeting ability of KCCYSL was evaluated after labeling with radioactive indium (<sup>111</sup>In). Using the labeled peptide, Kumar et al. performed <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies in human breast carcinoma cells that overexpress ErbB2 and in xenografted mice (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>).</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Synthesis"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The procedure used to identify and characterize KCCYSL from a phage display library as an ErbB2 extracellular domain binding peptide was described in detail by Karasseva et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.13">13</a>). The synthesis of <sup>111</sup>In-labeled KCCYSL was described by Kumar et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The peptide was synthesized using solid-phase Fmoc technology on a peptide synthesizer. The bifunctional chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-<i>N,N',N'',N'''</i>-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) was linked with KCCYSL through a gly-ser-gly (GSG) spacer placed between the amino terminus of DOTA and the hexapeptide to obtain DOTA-(GSG)-KCCYSL. For use as control, a scrambled peptide version (KYLCSC) was also prepared similarly. The peptides were purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a Vydac C<sub>18</sub> column. The peptides were freeze-dried and stored at -20°C until required. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometery was used to confirm the identity of the peptides. Details of how this technique was used to confirm the identity of the peptides were not provided in the publication.</p><p>For radiolabeling, the respective peptides were mixed with radioactive [<sup>111</sup>In]indium chloride in ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The mixture was incubated at 85°C for 60 min, and the reaction was terminated by the addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid to remove unreacted <sup>111</sup>In. The labeled conjugates were then purified by RP-HPLC and flush-dried with nitrogen gas, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with sodium phosphate buffer in saline. Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride was then added to the peptide stock solution to prevent oxidation of the cysteine thiols. Although the radiolabeling efficiency of the reaction was reported to be 40–50%, the specific activity, radiochemical yield, and purity of the product was not provided by the investigators (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The labeled peptide was reported to be stable for 12 h in phosphate-buffered saline and for at least 1 h in mouse serum.</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The <i>in vitro</i> binding of <sup>111</sup>In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL was investigated in <a href="http://www.atcc.org/common/catalog/numSearch/numResults.cfm?atccNum=HTB-129" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MDA-MB-435</a> cells that express ErbB2 receptors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). For the same study, <a href="http://www.atcc.org/common/catalog/numSearch/numResults.cfm?atccNum=CCL-243" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">K-562</a> cells, which do not express ErbB2 receptors, were used as negative controls. The cells were incubated with the radiolabeled peptide for various times at 37°C, and binding of the label with MDA-MB-435 cells increased gradually and reached saturation by 2 h. Under the same conditions the K-562 cells bound little radioactivity. Neither cell line bound the scrambled version of the labeled peptide. In competition experiments with MDA-MB-435 cells, using an increasing concentration of cold DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL, the binding of radioactivity decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating a specificity of the labeled peptide for ErbB2 receptors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The 50% inhibitory concentration of the labeled peptide with these cells was determined to be 42.5 ± 2.67 nM.</p><p>To determine internalization of bound radioactivity, the MDA-MB-435 cells were incubated with the labeled peptide for different time periods and washed with ice-cold cell-binding medium to remove any unbound radioactivity. The cells were then incubated on ice with acetic acid in saline for 5 min and pelleted by centrifugation. Radioactivity was counted to determine the internalized (cell pellet) and the surface bound fraction (supernatant). The cell surface–associated label increased up to 2 h and ~11% of the total radioactivity was determined to be internalized during this period (<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The biodistribution of <sup>111</sup>In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL was investigated in severe combined immunodeficient mice that had MDA-MB-435 cells implanted in the shoulder (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The radioactive peptide was injected into the mice through the tail vein, and the animals were euthanized in groups of three at different time points. The tissues of interest were collected and counted for incorporated radioactivity, and the uptake was expressed as a percentage of the injected radioactivity dose per gram (% ID/g). Distribution of the radiolabeled peptide was determined at various time points between 15 min and 24 h after administration (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The tumor uptake of radioactivity decreased from 2.12 ± 0.32% ID/g at 30 min to 0.66 ± 0.11% ID/g at 2 h and to 0.33 ± 0.05% ID/g at 4 h. The blood radioactivity level was 3.16 ± 0.33% ID/g at 15 min after the injection and dropped to 0.13 ± 0.03% ID/g at 2 h. This indicated a rapid uptake of radioactivity by the tumor and a clearance from the blood during the same period. The tumor/blood ratio was 5.0 at the end of 2 h. A radioactivity peak of 10.51 ± 0.07% ID/g was observed in the kidneys at 15 min, and this subsequently decreased to 5–7% ID/g for the next 3 h after injection. This was probably because the radioactive peptide and its breakdown products were excreted primarily through the urinary route. A high level of radioactivity (3.18 ± 0.16% ID/g) was also detected in the lungs at 15 min after the injection, but this level decreased to 0.23 ± 0.17% ID/g at 4 h. The investigators suggested that the lungs showed a high amount of radioactivity probably because these organs are highly vascularized and have a high blood perfusion rate. During the same period, little radioactivity was observed in the other vital organs, muscle, or bone (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>).</p><p>The specificity of tumor radioactivity uptake was evaluated by performing a competition experiment using unlabeled In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The mice (<i>n</i> = 3) were injected with the unlabeled peptide (~0.07 μM) through the tail vein followed by administration of the labeled homolog 15 min later. The labeled peptide alone was administered to another group of mice (<i>n</i> = 3) to serve as the positive control. Results indicated that uptake of the radioactive peptide was blocked by 50% in tumors of mice injected with the non-radioactive peptide (<i>P</i> = 0.0012). Administration of the non-labeled peptide did not affect the percentage of radioactivity uptake per gram of tissue in the normal organs, including the kidneys and the lungs, of these animals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). The investigators suggested that these observations indicate that uptake of the radiolabeled peptide by the tumor was receptor-mediated, but the label observed in the kidneys and the lungs was the result of non-specific uptake of the peptide (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>).</p><p><i>In vivo</i> single-photon emission computed tomography of mice injected with <sup>111</sup>In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL showed that the radioactivity accumulated mainly in the xenografted human breast carcinoma cell tumors and the kidneys (<a class="bk_pop" href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). Very low radioactivity was detected in the hepatobiliary or other systems of the animals. From these results the investigators concluded that <sup>111</sup>In-DOTA(GSG)-KCCYSL was a promising peptide for the imaging of ErbB2-positive tumors.</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+Non+primate+Mammals" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+Non+Human+Primates" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=ErbB2+binding+radiolabeled+peptide+Humans" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No references are currently available.</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>The imaging study reported in this chapter was funded by an NIH P50 Grant #CA103130.</p></div><div id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.references"><h2 id="_KCCYSLDOTA111In_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.1">Gross M.E. , Shazer R.L. , Agus D.B. <span class="ref-title">Targeting the HER-kinase axis in cancer </span><span class="ref-journal">Semin Oncol</span> 2004<strong>31</strong>Suppl 31:9–20. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052539" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15052539</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.2">Brandt B. , Meyer-Staeckling S. , Schmidt H. , Agelopoulos K. , Buerger H. Mechanisms of egfr gene transcription modulation: relationship to cancer risk and therapy response. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>12</strong>
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</span>(24):7252–60.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17189396" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17189396</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.3">Smith-Jones P.M. , Solit D.B. , Akhurst T. , Afroze F. , Rosen N. , Larson S.M. Imaging the pharmacodynamics of HER2 degradation in response to Hsp90 inhibitors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Biotechnol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>22</strong>
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</span>(6):701–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15133471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15133471</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.4">Wulfing P. , Borchard J. , Buerger H. , Heidl S. , Zanker K.S. , Kiesel L. , Brandt B. HER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>12</strong>
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</span>(6):1715–20.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16551854" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16551854</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.5">Dancey J.E. Recent advances of molecular targeted agents: opportunities for imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Biol Ther. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>2</strong>
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</span>(6):601–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14688462" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14688462</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.6">Hudis C.A. Trastuzumab--mechanism of action and use in clinical practice. <span><span class="ref-journal">N Engl J Med. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>357</strong>
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</span>(1):39–51.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17611206" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17611206</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.7">Bates S.E. , Fojo T. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a moving target? <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>11</strong>
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</span>(20):7203–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16243788" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16243788</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.8">Khalil M.Y. , Grandis J.R. , Shin D.M. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor: novel therapeutics in the management of cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>3</strong>
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</span>(3):367–80.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12820779" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12820779</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.9">Seidman A. , Hudis C. , Pierri M.K. , Shak S. , Paton V. , Ashby M. , Murphy M. , Stewart S.J. , Keefe D. Cardiac dysfunction in the trastuzumab clinical trials experience. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>20</strong>
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</span>(5):1215–21.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11870163" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11870163</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.10">Abraham J.M. , Sato F. , Cheng Y. , Paun B. , Kan T. , Olaru A. , Jin Z. , Yang J. , Agarwal R. , David S. , Hamilton J.P. , Ito T. , Mori Y. , Meltzer S.J. Novel Decapeptides that Bind Avidly and Deliver Radioisotope to Colon Cancer Cells. <span><span class="ref-journal">PLoS ONE. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>2</strong>
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</span>(10):e964.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1978517/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1978517</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17912343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17912343</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.11">Nava-Parada P. , Emens L.A. GV-1001, an injectable telomerase peptide vaccine for the treatment of solid cancers. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Opin Mol Ther. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>9</strong>
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</span>(5):490–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17932813" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17932813</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.12">Landon L.A. , Zou J. , Deutscher S.L. Is phage display technology on target for developing peptide-based cancer drugs? <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Drug Discov Technol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>1</strong>
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</span>(2):113–32.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16472251" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16472251</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.13">Karasseva N.G. , Glinsky V.V. , Chen N.X. , Komatireddy R. , Quinn T.P. Identification and characterization of peptides that bind human ErbB-2 selected from a bacteriophage display library. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Protein Chem. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>21</strong>
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</span>(4):287–96.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12168699</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="KCCYSLDOTA111In.EXTYLES.14">Kumar S.R. , Quinn T.P. , Deutscher S.L. Evaluation of an 111In-Radiolabeled Peptide as a Targeting and Imaging Agent for ErbB-2 Receptor Expressing Breast Carcinomas. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>13</strong>
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</span>(20):6070–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17947470" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17947470</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23014</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641221" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641221</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/MLS128-SA-biotin/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/CNT-rituximab111In/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23014/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23014/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23014" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23014" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Chopra A. Lys-cys-cys-tyr-ser-leu-(gly-ser-gly)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-111In. 2007 Nov 8 [Updated 2007 Dec 12]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23014/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23014.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (140K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#KCCYSLDOTA111In.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
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europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option value="(nanoparticle OR nanoparticles OR nanotubes OR "iron oxide")">Nanoparticles</option><option value="(siRNA OR "nucleic acid" OR oligonucleotide)">Nucleic acids</option><option value="peptide">Peptides</option><option value="polyeptide">Polyeptides</option><option value="(protein OR albumin OR chemokin OR immunoprotein OR luciferase OR albumin)">Proteins</option><option value="(virus OR adenovirus)">Viruses</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="target">Target Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="target" id="target" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="acceptor">Acceptors</option><option value=""adhesion molecule"">Adhesion molecules</option><option value="(antigen OR antibody-antigen)">Antigens</option><option value="(enzyme OR enzymes OR enzyme-substrate)">Enzymes</option><option value="(lipids OR lipophilic cation)">Lipids</option><option value="(receptor OR receptors OR receptor-ligand OR receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=1506714" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1506714" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/22787682" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> (64)Cu-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-(Gly-Ser-Gly)-Lys-Cys-Cys-Tyr-Ser-Leu.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and 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