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<title>N-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[11C]methoxy-N-methylbenzamide - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="N-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[11C]methoxy-N-methylbenzamide" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2013/05/02" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="23638488" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK133249/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="N-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[11C]methoxy-N-methylbenzamide" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2013/05/02" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK133249/" /><meta name="description" content="Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter at neuronal synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) (1, 2). Glutamate produces excitatory effects by acting on cell-surface ionotropic glutamate or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The mGluRs are GTP-binding protein (G-protein)coupled receptors that play important roles in regulating the activity of many synapses in the CNS, and many neuronal projection pathways contain mGluRs. There are eight mGluR subtypes, which are further subdivided into groups I, II, and III. The group I receptors include mGluR1 and mGluR5, and they are found predominantly in postsynaptic locations. mGluR1 is found in moderate to high density in the cerebellum, caudate, putamen, thalamus, cingulate cortex, and hippocampus, with low density in the pons. mGluR5 is usually found in moderate to high density in the frontal cortex, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and hippocampus, with low density in the cerebellum. mGluR1 and mGluR5 are positively coupled to phospholipase C in the regulation of neuronal excitability (3). Dysfunction of mGluR1 and mGluR5 is implicated in a variety of diseases in the CNS, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinsons disease, and drug addiction or withdrawal (2, 4)." /><meta name="og:title" content="N-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[11C]methoxy-N-methylbenzamide" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter at neuronal synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) (1, 2). Glutamate produces excitatory effects by acting on cell-surface ionotropic glutamate or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The mGluRs are GTP-binding protein (G-protein)coupled receptors that play important roles in regulating the activity of many synapses in the CNS, and many neuronal projection pathways contain mGluRs. There are eight mGluR subtypes, which are further subdivided into groups I, II, and III. The group I receptors include mGluR1 and mGluR5, and they are found predominantly in postsynaptic locations. mGluR1 is found in moderate to high density in the cerebellum, caudate, putamen, thalamus, cingulate cortex, and hippocampus, with low density in the pons. mGluR5 is usually found in moderate to high density in the frontal cortex, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and hippocampus, with low density in the cerebellum. mGluR1 and mGluR5 are positively coupled to phospholipase C in the regulation of neuronal excitability (3). 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK133249_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK133249_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/DAA1106-11C/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/ITDM-11C/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK133249_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><i>N</i>-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[<sup>11</sup>C]methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylbenzamide</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK133249_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK133249_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">February 14, 2013</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">May 2, 2013</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="ITMM-11C.T.nc_chemical_namen46isopropyla" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK133249/table/ITMM-11C.T.nc_chemical_namen46isopropyla/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ITMM-11C.T.nc_chemical_namen46isopropyla_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Chemical name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>N</i>-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[<sup>11</sup>C]methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylbenzamide</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/162023992" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&amp;sid=162023992" alt="image 162023992 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM, [<sup>11</sup>C]6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Synonym:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Agent category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Method of detection:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography (PET)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Source of signal:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>11</sup>C</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Activation:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Studies:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
<i>In vitro</i>
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Humans
</div></li></ul>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ITMM-11C.Background"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=ITMM" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter at neuronal synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.1" data-bk-pop-others="ITMM-11C.REF.2">1, 2</a>). Glutamate produces excitatory effects by acting on cell-surface ionotropic glutamate or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The mGluRs are GTP-binding protein (G-protein)&#x02013;coupled receptors that play important roles in regulating the activity of many synapses in the CNS, and many neuronal projection pathways contain mGluRs. There are eight mGluR subtypes, which are further subdivided into groups I, II, and III. The group I receptors include mGluR1 and mGluR5, and they are found predominantly in postsynaptic locations. mGluR1 is found in moderate to high density in the cerebellum, caudate, putamen, thalamus, cingulate cortex, and hippocampus, with low density in the pons. mGluR5 is usually found in moderate to high density in the frontal cortex, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and hippocampus, with low density in the cerebellum. mGluR1 and mGluR5 are positively coupled to phospholipase C in the regulation of neuronal excitability (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.3">3</a>). Dysfunction of mGluR1 and mGluR5 is implicated in a variety of diseases in the CNS, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson&#x02019;s disease, and drug addiction or withdrawal (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.2" data-bk-pop-others="ITMM-11C.REF.4">2, 4</a>).</p><p>Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands targeting mGluR5 can visualize and analyze mGluR5 expression in normal physiological and pathological conditions (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.4" data-bk-pop-others="ITMM-11C.REF.5 ITMM-11C.REF.6 ITMM-11C.REF.7 ITMM-11C.REF.8">4-8</a>). However, only a few mGluR1 ligands have been studied. <i>N</i>-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylbenzamide (ITMM) was shown to be a selective mGluR1 antagonist with nanomolar affinity (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 12.6 nM), with little inhibition of mGluR5. Fujinaga et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>) labeled ITMM with <sup>11</sup>C to prepare <i>N</i>-(4-(6-(isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[<sup>11</sup>C]methoxy-<i>N</i>-methylbenzamide ([<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM) for use with <i>in vivo</i> PET imaging of mGluR1 distribution in rat brains. Toyohara et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.10">10</a>) evaluated [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM in mouse and human brains. [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM was shown to be a suitable PET radioligand for mapping mGluR1 in the human brain.</p><div id="ITMM-11C.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/books?Db=books&#x00026;Cmd=DetailsSearch&#x00026;Term=mGluR1+AND+micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR1</a>, <a href="/books?term=mGluR5%20AND%20micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR5</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/2911" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR1</a>, <a href="/gene/2915" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR5</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="http://omim.org/entry/604473" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR1</a>, <a href="/omim/604102" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR5</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=mGluR1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR1</a>, <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=mglur5" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">mGluR5</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ITMM-11C.Synthesis"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Fujinaga et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>) synthesized [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM by methylation of the hydroxyl precursor with [<sup>11</sup>C]MeI (prepared with [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>) for 5 min at 70&#x000b0;C. Subsequent separation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced a radiochemical purity &#x0003e;99%. Average radiochemical yield was 22 &#x000b1; 5% (<i>n</i> = 21) based on [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>. The specific activity of [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM was 95&#x02013;140 GBq/&#x000b5;mol (2.56&#x02013;3.78 Ci/&#x000b5;mol) at the end of synthesis (EOS). The total synthesis time was 25 &#x000b1; 3 min from the end of bombardment (EOB). For higher specific activity, [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM was prepared <i>via</i> methylation of the hydroxyl precursor with [<sup>11</sup>C]MeI (prepared with [<sup>11</sup>C]CH<sub>4</sub>) for 5 min at 70&#x000b0;C. Average radiochemical yield was 6 &#x000b1; 1% (<i>n</i> = 3) based on [<sup>11</sup>C]CH<sub>4</sub>. The specific activity of [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM was 4,370&#x02013;7,840 GBq/&#x000b5;mol (118&#x02013;212 Ci/&#x000b5;mol) at EOS. The total synthesis time was 29 &#x000b1; 1 min.</p><p>Toyohara et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.10">10</a>) prepared [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM by methylation of the hydroxyl precursor with [<sup>11</sup>C]methyl triflate under NaOH as a base using an automated synthesizer for 1 min at room temperature. Subsequent separation with HPLC produced a radiochemical purity &#x0003e;98%. Average radiochemical yield was 66.0 &#x000b1; 27.4% (<i>n</i> = 4) based on [<sup>11</sup>C]methyl triflate. The specific activity of [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM was 97.9&#x02013;351.1 GBq/&#x000b5;mol (2.64&#x02013;9.49 Ci/&#x000b5;mol) at EOS. The total synthesis time was &#x0003c;25 min from the EOB.</p></div><div id="ITMM-11C.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cel"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cel_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><i>In vitro</i> binding affinity of ITMM was determined with rat brain homogenates using [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-<i>N</i>-[4-[6-(isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-<i>N</i>-methylbenzamide ([<sup>18</sup>F]FITM) as the mGluR1 radioligand (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>). The <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> values were 12.6 &#x000b1; 1.2 nM and 5.4 &#x000b1; 1.2 nM for ITMM and FITM, respectively. Both agents showed IC<sub>50</sub> values &#x0003e;10,000 nM for mGluR5. ITMM (LogD 2.57) was found to be more lipophilic than FITM (LogD 1.45).</p><p><i>In vitro</i> [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM autoradiographic imaging studies were performed on rat brain sections (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>). [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM bound heterogeneously to the brain sections, with the highest accumulation of radioactivity in the mGluR1-rich cerebellum, followed by the thalamus and striatum, with the lowest radioactivity in the pons. JNJ-16259685 (1,000 nM), another mGluR1 antagonist, blocked radioactivity signals by &#x0003e;70% in the cerebellum, thalamus, and striatum.</p></div><div id="ITMM-11C.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="ITMM-11C.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Fujinaga et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>) performed <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies in mice (<i>n</i> = 4/group) at 1&#x02013;60 min after intravenous injection of 4.8 MBq (0.13 mCi) [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM (0.04 nmol). The radioactivity levels in most tissues were highest at 1&#x02013;5 min and decreased gradually thereafter. The highest accumulation at 5 min was observed in the liver (8.34% injected dose/gram (ID/g)), followed by the kidney (5.64% ID/g), small intestine (4.55% ID/g), brain (3.21% ID/g), lung (2.90% ID/g), heart (2.09% ID/g), spleen (1.96% ID/g), blood (1.95% ID/g), and muscle (1.22% ID/g). The accumulation in the brain remained high at 2.38% ID/g and 1.85% ID/g at 30 min and 60 min, respectively.</p><p>Fujinaga et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.9">9</a>) performed dynamic PET imaging studies for 90 min in rats (<i>n</i> = 4) after intravenous injection of 37&#x02013;55 MBq (1.0&#x02013;1.5 mCi) [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM (0.3&#x02013;0.5 nmol). Blocking studies were performed with injection of excess ITMM (1 mg/kg) or mGluR1 antagonist JNJ-16259685 (3 mg/kg) just before injection of the tracer. Baseline tissue time-activity curves revealed high accumulation of radioactivity that peaked at 30&#x02013;45 min in the cerebellum, with moderate radioactivity in the thalamus and striatum and low radioactivity in the pons. The cerebellum/pons, thalamus/pons, and striatum/pons maximum ratios were 6.98, 5.05, and 4.32, respectively. Both ITMM and JNJ-16259685 showed &#x0003e;85% inhibition of radioactivity in the cerebellum, thalamus, and striatum. PET imaging studies with wild-type and mGluR1-knockout mice showed high radioactivity in the cerebellum and thalamus in the wild-type mouse brain and only a low, homogeneous distribution of radioactivity in the knockout mouse brain. Toyohara et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.10">10</a>) showed that the maximum standard uptake values in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and striatum were 1.7, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively, at 15 min after injection of [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM in mice (<i>n</i> = 4).</p></div><div id="ITMM-11C.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="ITMM-11C.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="ITMM-11C.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=ITMM%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Toyohara et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ITMM-11C.REF.10">10</a>) performed dynamic PET imaging scans for 90 min with a normal male subject (27 years old) after injection of 565 MBq (15.3 mCi) [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM (8 nmol). Radioactivity in the cerebellum reached a plateau at 40 min. The volume of distribution (V<sub>T</sub>) values were 2.7, 1.1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.5 for the cerebellum, thalamus, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, frontal cortex, occipital cortex, caudate, and putamen, respectively. [<sup>11</sup>C]ITMM remained 84.7% intact in the blood at 10 min and declined to 60.5% intact at 60 min. Plasma radioactivity decreased rapidly and exhibited a three-phase clearance pattern with half-lives of 1, 4, and 29 min.</p></div><div id="ITMM-11C.References"><h2 id="_ITMM-11C_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.1">Pin J.P., Duvoisin R.
<em>The metabotropic glutamate receptors: structure and functions.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">Neuropharmacology. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">34</span>(1):126.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7623957" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7623957</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.2">Ferraguti F., Crepaldi L., Nicoletti F.
<em>Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">Pharmacol Rev. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">60</span>(4):53681.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19112153" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19112153</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.3">Abe T., Sugihara H., Nawa H., Shigemoto R., Mizuno N., Nakanishi S.
<em>Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Biol Chem. </span>1992;<span class="ref-vol">267</span>(19):133618.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1320017" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1320017</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.4">Gasparini F., Lingenhohl K., Stoehr N., Flor P.J., Heinrich M., Vranesic I., Biollaz M., Allgeier H., Heckendorn R., Urwyler S., Varney M.A., Johnson E.C., Hess S.D., Rao S.P., Sacaan A.I., Santori E.M., Velicelebi G., Kuhn R.
<em>2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP), a potent, selective and systemically active mGlu5 receptor antagonist.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">Neuropharmacology. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">38</span>(10):1493503.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10530811" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10530811</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.5">Ametamey S.M., Kessler L.J., Honer M., Wyss M.T., Buck A., Hintermann S., Auberson Y.P., Gasparini F., Schubiger P.A.
<em>Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of 11C-ABP688 as a probe for imaging the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">47</span>(4):698705.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16595505" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16595505</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.6">Ametamey S.M., Treyer V., Streffer J., Wyss M.T., Schmidt M., Blagoev M., Hintermann S., Auberson Y., Gasparini F., Fischer U.C., Buck A.
<em>Human PET studies of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 with 11C-ABP688.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">48</span>(2):24752.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17268022" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17268022</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.7">Baumann C.A., Mu L., Johannsen S., Honer M., Schubiger P.A., Ametamey S.M.
<em>Structure-activity relationships of fluorinated (E)-3-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethynyl)cyclohex-2-enone-O-methyloxime (ABP688) derivatives and the discovery of a high affinity analogue as a potential candidate for imaging metabotropic glutamate recepors subtype 5 (mGluR5) with positron emission tomography (PET).</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">53</span>(10):400917.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20411954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20411954</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.8">Honer M., Stoffel A., Kessler L.J., Schubiger P.A., Ametamey S.M.
<em>Radiolabeling and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of [(18)F]-FE-DABP688 as a PET radioligand for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">34</span>(8):97380.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17998101" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17998101</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.9">Fujinaga M., Yamasaki T., Yui J., Hatori A., Xie L., Kawamura K., Asagawa C., Kumata K., Yoshida Y., Ogawa M., Nengaki N., Fukumura T., Zhang M.R.
<em>Synthesis and evaluation of novel radioligands for positron emission tomography imaging of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) in rodent brain.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">55</span>(5):234252.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22316010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22316010</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ITMM-11C.REF.10">Toyohara J., Sakata M., Fujinaga M., Yamasaki T., Oda K., Ishii K., Zhang M.R., Moriguchi Jeckel C.M., Ishiwata K.
<em>Preclinical and the first clinical studies on [(11)C]ITMM for mapping metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 by positron emission tomography.</em>
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">40</span>(2):21420.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23265669" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23265669</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK133249/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK133249/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK133249" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK133249" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. N-(4-(6-(Isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-[11C]methoxy-N-methylbenzamide. 2013 Feb 14 [Updated 2013 May 2]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK133249/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK133249.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (146K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.Background" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cel" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#ITMM-11C.References" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR &quot;Magnetic resonance imaging&quot; OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value="&quot;Hyperpolarized 13C&quot;">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value="&quot;Iron oxide&quot;">Iron oxide</option><option value="&quot;Nitroxide radicals&quot;">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="(&quot;Iron oxide&quot; AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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