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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>99mTc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_title" content="99mTc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2013/01/31">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="99mTc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung">
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<meta name="description" content="Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (1). It is essential for methylation and DNA synthesis. The primary pathway for entry of folate into cells is through a facilitated transporter, which has a low affinity for folate (Km, 1–5 μM). Some cells in the choroid plexus, kidney, lung, thyroid, spleen, placenta, and thymus also possess a receptor with higher affinity (Kd, 0.5 nM), which allows folate uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Some human epithelial tumor cells were found to overexpress folate receptors (2). More than 90% of human ovarian and endometrial cancers express the high-affinity receptor, which is absent in the normal tissues. Breast, colorectal, renal, and lung carcinomas also overexpressed the high-affinity folate receptor but to a lesser frequency (20%–50%). Several 99mTc-based folate conjugates have been developed for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of folate receptor expression in tumors such as 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-folate, 99mTc-HYNIC-Folate, and 99mTc-DTPA-Folate (3). Mishra et al. (4) prepared 99mTc-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-folate (99mTc-DO3A-EA-Folate) as a new 99mTc-based folate conjugate for SPECT imaging studies.">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (1). It is essential for methylation and DNA synthesis. The primary pathway for entry of folate into cells is through a facilitated transporter, which has a low affinity for folate (Km, 1–5 μM). Some cells in the choroid plexus, kidney, lung, thyroid, spleen, placenta, and thymus also possess a receptor with higher affinity (Kd, 0.5 nM), which allows folate uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Some human epithelial tumor cells were found to overexpress folate receptors (2). More than 90% of human ovarian and endometrial cancers express the high-affinity receptor, which is absent in the normal tissues. Breast, colorectal, renal, and lung carcinomas also overexpressed the high-affinity folate receptor but to a lesser frequency (20%–50%). Several 99mTc-based folate conjugates have been developed for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of folate receptor expression in tumors such as 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-folate, 99mTc-HYNIC-Folate, and 99mTc-DTPA-Folate (3). Mishra et al. (4) prepared 99mTc-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-folate (99mTc-DO3A-EA-Folate) as a new 99mTc-based folate conjugate for SPECT imaging studies.">
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id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK116752_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-Folate</div><p class="contribs">Leung K.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK116752_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figFolateDO3AEA99mTcTncchemicalname99"><a href="/books/NBK116752/table/Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobFolateDO3AEA99mTcTncchemicalname99"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99"><a href="/books/NBK116752/table/Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobFolateDO3AEA99mTcTncchemicalname99">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
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<i>In vitro</i>
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Rodents
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</p></div></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Background"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.1" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). It is essential for methylation and DNA synthesis. The primary pathway for entry of folate into cells is through a facilitated transporter, which has a low affinity for folate (<i>K</i><sub>m</sub>, 1–5 μM). Some cells in the choroid plexus, kidney, lung, thyroid, spleen, placenta, and thymus also possess a receptor with higher affinity (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>, 0.5 nM), which allows folate uptake <i>via</i> receptor-mediated endocytosis. Some human epithelial tumor cells were found to overexpress folate receptors (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.2" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.2">2</a>). More than 90% of human ovarian and endometrial cancers express the high-affinity receptor, which is absent in the normal tissues. Breast, colorectal, renal, and lung carcinomas also overexpressed the high-affinity folate receptor but to a lesser frequency (20%–50%). Several <sup>99m</sup>Tc-based folate conjugates have been developed for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of folate receptor expression in tumors such as <a href="/books/NBK23152/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-ethylenedicysteine-folate</a>, <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC-Folate, and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-Folate (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.3" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.3">3</a>). Mishra et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>) prepared <sup>99m</sup>Tc-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-folate (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-Folate) as a new <sup>99m</sup>Tc-based folate conjugate for SPECT imaging studies.</p><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Related_Resource_Lin"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/books?term=folate%20receptor%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/2348" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/136430" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=folate+receptor" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug information in FDA (<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=folate+receptor&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=14&y=15" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Synthesis"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20AND%20synthesis%5BAll%20Fields%5D%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><sup>99m</sup>Tc was complexed efficiently (>97% yield) to DO3A-EA-folate to form <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate, with a radiochemical purity of >97% (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>). The specific activity was calculated to be ~2 μCi/μg (0.074 MBq/μg) before <i>in vivo</i> injection in mice. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-Folate was found to be stable in human serum for up to 24 h at 37ºC.</p></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20AND%20folate%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Receptor binding studies were performed using human oral carcinoma KB, ovarian carcinoma OAW, and malignant glioma U87MG cells with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>). The affinity binding constant (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) values were calculated to be 4.2 ± 0.8, 22.5 ± 0.1, and 16.7 ± 0.1 µM, respectively.</p></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Nude mice (number of mice studied not reported) were inoculated with KB tumor cells, followed by intravenous injection of 3.7 MBq (0.1 mCi) <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate 14–17 days after tumor transplantation (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>). <i>Ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies were performed at 1, 4, and 24 h after injection. Tumor accumulation was 5.06% injected dose/g (ID/g) at 1 h, 6.26 ± 0.40% ID/g at 4 h, and 4.06 ± 0.32% ID/g at 24 h. The organ with the highest accumulation was the liver (17.6% ID/g), followed by the kidney (15.0% ID/g), intestines (4% ID/g), and spleen (4% ID/g) at 1 h after injection, with <1% at 24 h. The blood, heart, lung, stomach, and muscle showed <2% ID/g at 1–24 h. The tumor/blood ratios were 2.3 ± 0.3 and 6.1 ± 1.0 at 1 h and 4 h after injection, respectively. There was a biphasic clearance of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate in the blood, with half-life values of 12 min and 140 min. Co-injection with unlabeled folate blocked the uptake of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate by 67%, 50%, and 60% in the tumor, kidney, and liver, respectively, at 4 h after injection.</p><p>Scintigraphic images of mice injected with 3 MBq (0.08 mCi) <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate showed that tumors in the right hind legs could be well visualized at 1–4 h (<a class="bibr" href="#Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4" rid="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>). The tumor/muscle ratios were estimated to be 11.8 ± 1.2 and 19.7 ± 3.3 at 1 h and 4 h, respectively. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-folate could be a useful tool for imaging tumors positive for folate receptor.</p></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20and%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20sheep%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20folate%20and%20%28primates%20not%20humans%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available</p></div></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=99mTc-DO3A-EA-folate%20and%20humans" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.References"><h2 id="_Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.1">Stanger O.
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<em>Physiology of folic acid in health and disease.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Drug Metab. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(2):211–23.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12003352" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12003352</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.2">Ke C.Y., Mathias C.J., Green M.A.
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<em>The folate receptor as a molecular target for tumor-selective radionuclide delivery.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(8):811–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14698784" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14698784</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.3">Ilgan S., Yang D.J., Higuchi T., Zareneyrizi F., Bayhan H., Yu D., Kim E.E., Podoloff D.A.
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<em>99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-folate: a new tumor imaging agent. Synthesis, labeling and evaluation in animals.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Biother Radiopharm. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>(6):427–35.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10851435" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10851435</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.REF.4">Mishra G., Hazari P.P., Kumar N., Mishra A.K.
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<em>In vitro and in vivo evaluation of (99m)Tc-DO3A-EA-Folate for receptor-mediated targeting of folate positive tumors.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Drug Target. </span>2011;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(9):761–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21425922" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21425922</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK116752_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">November 22, 2012</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 31, 2013</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Leung K. 99mTc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate. 2012 Nov 22 [Updated 2013 Jan 31]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/MSH99mTc/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/Tc99m-NS3M1/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobFolateDO3AEA99mTcTncchemicalname99"><div id="Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK116752/table/Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Folate-DO3A-EA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-1,4,7-Tris(carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-Folate</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/160644412" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=160644412" alt="image 160644412 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-DO3A-EA-Folate</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Folate receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma planar</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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