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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23092_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23092_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/sos666768ga/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sos67ga68ga/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23092_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>66/67/68</sup>Ga-γ-Deferoxamine-folate</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>66/67/68</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23092_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23092_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">September 14, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 30, 2011</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.T.nc_chemical_name666768gad" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23092/table/Folate-DF-Ga.T.nc_chemical_name666768gad/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Folate-DF-Ga.T.nc_chemical_name666768gad_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>66/67/68</sup>Ga-γ-Deferoxamine-folate</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/14709924" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=14709924" alt="image 14709924 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>66/67/68</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Folic acid (folate)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Putative folate receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography (PET); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>66/67/68</sup>Ga</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Background"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Folic acid (folate) is a water-soluble B vitamin (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.1">1</a>) that is essential for methylation and DNA synthesis. The primary pathway for entry of folate into cells is through the facilitated transporter, which has a low affinity for folate (Michaelis constant (<i>K</i><sub>m</sub>) = 1-5 μM). Some cells in the choroid plexus, kidney, lung, thyroid, spleen, placenta, and thymus also possess a higher affinity (dissociation constant (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) = 0.5 nM) receptor that allows folate uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Some human epithelial tumor cells were found to overexpress folate-binding protein (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.2">2</a>). More than 90% of human ovarian and endometrial cancers express the high-affinity receptor, which is absent in normal tissues. Breast, colorectal, renal, and lung carcinomas also overexpress the folate receptor but at lower frequencies (20-50%). Activated macrophages, but not resting macrophages, have been also found to have folate receptor (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.3">3</a>).</p><p>Several folate-based conjugates (<sup>111</sup>In-DTPA-folate, <sup>99m</sup>Tc-EC-folate and [<sup>18</sup>F]FBA-folate) have been studied in tumor imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.4" data-bk-pop-others="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.5 Folate-DF-Ga.REF.6 Folate-DF-Ga.REF.7 Folate-DF-Ga.REF.8">4-8</a>). Deferoxamine (DF), a chelating agent, was conjugated to folic acid forming a mixture of two isomers, DF-α-folate and DF-γ-folate. Only the DF-γ-folate isomer was able to displace [<sup>3</sup>H]folic acid from its receptors with a similar IC<sub>50</sub> to folic acid (2.5 versus 2.4 nM) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.9">9</a>). <sup>68/67/66</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate is being developed as an imaging agent for detection of folate receptors <i>in vivo</i> with either positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).</p><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=Search&term=folate+AND+micad%5bbook%5d&doptcmdl=TOCView&log%24=booksrch&bname=micad" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chapters in MICAD</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/2348" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in OMIM (<a href="/omim/136430" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptor</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=folate+receptor" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">folate receptors</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=folate+receptor&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=14&y=15" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drug information in FDA</a>
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</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Synthesis"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wang et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.9">9</a>) coupled DF-γ-folate (2.25 μmol) with 118 MBq (3.2 mCi) <sup>67</sup>GA-(acetylacetone)<sub>3</sub> in buffered saline at room temperature for 24 h to yield <sup>67</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate with >98% radiochemical purity. Radiochemical yields exceeded 80%. Mathias et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.5">5</a>) reported that <sup>66</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate and <sup>68</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate were similarly radiolabeled at 50°C for 15-30 min.</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB-31 cell line has putative folate receptors as determined by [<sup>3</sup>H]folate binding studies in cultures (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.9">9</a>). The mean IC<sub>50</sub> values for DF-γ-folate, and folate were 25 and 24 nM, respectively. Binding of <sup>67</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate to cells was rapid and reached a maximal binding of 18% and 32% at 4°C and 37°C in 30 min, respectively. Both bindings were inhibited by folic acid and DF-γ-folate but not by DF-α-folate. As controls, <sup>67</sup>Ga-DF and <sup>67</sup>Ga-citrate showed little binding to the cells.</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Mathias et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.6" data-bk-pop-others="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.10">6, 10</a>) performed biodistribution studies of <sup>67</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate in nude mice bearing the KB-31 tumor xenografts. The organ with the highest accumulation was the tumor (5.2%ID/g), followed by the kidneys (2.02%ID/g), and liver (0.46%ID/g) at 4 h after <sup>67</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate injection. Tumor/blood, tumor/muscle, tumor/liver and tumor/kidney ratio were 409, 124, 11, and 3, respectively. Pretreatment (5 min before the tracer) with folic acid (2.4 mg/mouse) reduced <sup>67</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate accumulation to 0.26%ID/g in the tumor. Administration of folate at 3.5 h after the tracer reduced the tumor accumulation to 2.22%ID/g at 4.5 h. <sup>67</sup>Ga-DF showed no accumulation in the tumor.</p><p>The whole body distribution of <sup>66</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate (174 MBq or 4.7 mCi/mouse) was also assessed by PET imaging at 2.5 h after injection (<a class="bk_pop" href="#Folate-DF-Ga.REF.5">5</a>). The highest activity concentrations were visualized in the tumors and kidneys. The accumulation of <sup>66</sup>Ga-γ-DF-folate in the tumors and kidneys was blocked by excess folic acid (0.9 mg/mouse) co-injection.</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20%28dog%20or%20sheep%20or%20pig%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=gallium%20deferoxamine%20folate%20and%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>R01 CA86307, R01-CA70845</p></div><div id="Folate-DF-Ga.References"><h2 id="_Folate-DF-Ga_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.1">Stanger O.
|
||
<em>Physiology of folic acid in health and disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Drug Metab. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">3</span>(2):211–23.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12003352" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12003352</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.2">Ke C.Y., Mathias C.J., Green M.A.
|
||
<em>The folate receptor as a molecular target for tumor-selective radionuclide delivery.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(8):811–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14698784" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14698784</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.3">Nakashima-Matsushita N., Homma T., Yu S., Matsuda T., Sunahara N., Nakamura T., Tsukano M., Ratnam M., Matsuyama T.
|
||
<em>Selective expression of folate receptor beta and its possible role in methotrexate transport in synovial macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Arthritis Rheum. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>(8):1609–16.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10446858" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10446858</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.4">Mathias C.J., Hubers D., Low P.S., Green M.A.
|
||
<em>Synthesis of [(99m)Tc]DTPA-folate and its evaluation as a folate-receptor-targeted radiopharmaceutical.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">11</span>(2):253–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10725102" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10725102</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.5">Mathias C.J., Lewis M.R., Reichert D.E., Laforest R., Sharp T.L., Lewis J.S., Yang Z.F., Waters D.J., Snyder P.W., Low P.S., Welch M.J., Green M.A.
|
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<em>Preparation of 66Ga- and 68Ga-labeled Ga(III)-deferoxamine-folate as potential folate-receptor-targeted PET radiopharmaceuticals.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(7):725–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14499330" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14499330</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.6">Mathias C.J., Wang S., Low P.S., Waters D.J., Green M.A.
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<em>Receptor-mediated targeting of 67Ga-deferoxamine-folate to folate-receptor-positive human KB tumor xenografts.</em>
|
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">26</span>(1):23–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10096497" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10096497</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.7">Mathias C.J., Wang S., Waters D.J., Turek J.J., Low P.S., Green M.A.
|
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<em>Indium-111-DTPA-folate as a potential folate-receptor-targeted radiopharmaceutical.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(9):1579–85.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9744347" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9744347</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.8">Bettio A., Honer M., Muller C., Bruhlmeier M., Muller U., Schibli R., Groehn V., Schubiger A.P., Ametamey S.M.
|
||
<em>Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of a Folic Acid Derivative Labeled with 18F for PET Imaging of Folate Receptor-Positive Tumors.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">47</span>(7):1153–1160.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16818950" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16818950</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.9">Wang S., Lee R.J., Mathias C.J., Green M.A., Low P.S.
|
||
<em>Synthesis, purification, and tumor cell uptake of 67Ga-deferoxamine--folate, a potential radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">7</span>(1):56–62.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8741991" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8741991</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Folate-DF-Ga.REF.10">Mathias C.J., Wang S., Lee R.J., Waters D.J., Low P.S., Green M.A.
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<em>Tumor-selective radiopharmaceutical targeting via receptor-mediated endocytosis of gallium-67-deferoxamine-folate.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(6):1003–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8683292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8683292</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23092</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641297" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641297</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/sos666768ga/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sos67ga68ga/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23092/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23092/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23092" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23092" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. 66/67/68Ga-γ-Deferoxamine-folate. 2006 Sep 14 [Updated 2011 Jan 30]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23092/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23092.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (382K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#Folate-DF-Ga.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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