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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>[18F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="[18F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2007/12/20">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Kenneth T. Cheng">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="[18F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kenneth T. Cheng">
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<meta name="og:description" content="σ receptors are functional, membrane-bound, G-protein−coupled receptors distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs (4). The CNS σ receptors are unique binding sites related to higher brain functions (5). They are distinct from opiate and phencyclidine binding sites. There are at least two subtypes of σ receptors σ1 and σ2 receptors. The precise mechanism of the functional response of these receptors is not entirely known. These receptors appear to be involved in numerous pharmacological and physiological functions, and they also modulate a number of central neurotransmitter systems, including noradrenergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems. Phencyclidine and derivatives, cocaine and derivatives, some neuroleptics, atypical antipsychotic agents, and other chemically unrelated compounds can bind to the σ receptor sites. Studies have shown that these receptors may play a role in pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders (6, 7). These receptors are also expressed on a number of human and murine tumors (8).">
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id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23522_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">[<sup>18</sup>F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>18</sup>F]FPS</div><p class="contribs">Cheng KT.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK23522_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figFPS18FTc"><a href="/books/NBK23522/table/FPS18F.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobFPS18FTc"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="FPS18F.Tc"><a href="/books/NBK23522/table/FPS18F.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobFPS18FTc">Table</a></h4></div></div><div id="FPS18F.Background"><h2 id="_FPS18F_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%2818F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>[<sup>18</sup>F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FPS) is a radioligand developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the sigma (σ) receptors (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.1" rid="FPS18F.REF.1 FPS18F.REF.2 FPS18F.REF.3">1-3</a>). It is a potent σ<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist labeled with <sup>18</sup>F, a positron emitter with a physical half-life (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>) of 109.8 min.</p><p>σ receptors are functional, membrane-bound, G-protein−coupled receptors distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.4" rid="FPS18F.REF.4">4</a>). The CNS σ receptors are unique binding sites related to higher brain functions (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.5" rid="FPS18F.REF.5">5</a>). They are distinct from opiate and phencyclidine binding sites. There are at least two subtypes of σ receptors σ<sub>1</sub> and σ<sub>2</sub> receptors. The precise mechanism of the functional response of these receptors is not entirely known. These receptors appear to be involved in numerous pharmacological and physiological functions, and they also modulate a number of central neurotransmitter systems, including noradrenergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems. Phencyclidine and derivatives, cocaine and derivatives, some neuroleptics, atypical antipsychotic agents, and other chemically unrelated compounds can bind to the σ receptor sites. Studies have shown that these receptors may play a role in pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.6" rid="FPS18F.REF.6 FPS18F.REF.7">6, 7</a>). These receptors are also expressed on a number of human and murine tumors (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.8" rid="FPS18F.REF.8">8</a>).</p><p>The σ<sub>1</sub> receptor subtypes have a molecular weight of ≈25 kDa, and through the process of cloning they have shown a 30% sequence homology with the yeast C89-C7 sterol isomerase (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.4" rid="FPS18F.REF.4 FPS18F.REF.9 FPS18F.REF.10">4, 9, 10</a>). The σ<sub>2</sub> receptor subtypes have a molecular weight of ≈21.5 kDa and have not been cloned. The σ<sub>1</sub> receptors are thought to be involved in certain neuropsychiatric disorders, and both σ<sub>1</sub> and σ<sub>2</sub> receptors are also implicated in malignant neoplastic diseases. Because of these effects, σ receptor ligands may be useful for detection and treatment in neurology and oncology (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.11" rid="FPS18F.REF.11">11</a>). A number of ligands for these receptors have been labeled with <sup>11</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>F for PET imaging to map their <i>in vivo</i> brain distribution and expression on tumors (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.12" rid="FPS18F.REF.12">12</a>). Waterhouse et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.13" rid="FPS18F.REF.13 FPS18F.REF.14">13, 14</a>) synthesized a number of selective σ<sub>1</sub> receptor ligands for both PET and single-photon emission tomography. [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS was found to be a high-affinity σ<sub>1</sub> receptor ligand with a dissociation constant (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) of 0.5 nM.</p></div><div id="FPS18F.Synthesis"><h2 id="_FPS18F_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%2818F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Collier et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.15" rid="FPS18F.REF.15">15</a>) reported the synthesis of FPS and [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS. 4-(4-Cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine was first prepared in five steps from ethyl isonepecotate. This compound was dissolved in ethanol-free dichloromethane and then alkylated with 3-bromo-1-fluoropropane in the presence of potassium carbonate at room temperature for 24 h to give FPS (84% yield). The mesylate precursor for radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS was similarly prepared from 4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine by alkylation with 3-bromo-1-propanol to produce1(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine. This intermediate compound was then treated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature for 30 min to produce the mesylate precursor (88% final yield). In the radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS, the precursor was heated in a solution of [18F]fluoride and Kryptofix−potassium carbonate mixture in acetonitrile. The mixture was heated at 85 ºC for 15 min. Aqueous 0.1 N sodium hydroxide was added and heated for an additional 10 min to destroy excess unreacted mesylate precursor before purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average yield after purification was 62.3 ± 5.2% (<i>n</i> = 5) at the end of bombardment, and the radiochemical purities were >99%. The average time for the synthesis and HPLC purification was 80 min. The specific activity was >74,000 mBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol).</p></div><div id="FPS18F.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cells"><h2 id="_FPS18F_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Cells_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20FPS%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20OR%20%28%28%22sigma-1%20receptor%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20OR%20sigma%201%20receptor%5BText%20Word%5D%29%20AND%20radi" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Collier et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.15" rid="FPS18F.REF.15">15</a>) reported that the lipophilicity of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS was determined by the HPLC method (mobile phase of methanol and phosphate buffer in 85:15 v/v, pH = 7.5 and compared with standards of known log P values) as log P<sub>7.5</sub> = 2.8. Competitive binding assays of FPS determined that the inhibition constants (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub>) were 4.3 nM and 144 nM for the σ<sub>1</sub> and σ<sub>2</sub> receptors, respectively. The σ<sub>1</sub>/σ<sub>2</sub> ratio was calculated to be 0.03.</p><p>HPLC analysis of unlabeled FPS used for toxicity studies showed no significant degradation during storage at room temperature for 72 h (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.16" rid="FPS18F.REF.16">16</a>).</p></div><div id="FPS18F.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_FPS18F_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="FPS18F.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Waterhouse et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.16" rid="FPS18F.REF.16">16</a>) performed biodistribution and dosimetry studies of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPS and acute toxicity studies of FPS in rats. The biodistribution data (<i>n</i> = 3)showed that the radioactivity levels (percentage dose per injected dose per g, % ID/g) in the brain were 1.04 ± 0.36 (5 min), 0.93 ± 0.27 (15 min), 1.14 ± 0.23 (60 min), 1.01 ± 0.25 (240 min), and 0.71 ± 0.11 (840 min). At 60 min, the kidney and the adrenal gland had the highest radioactivity levels of 1.50 ± 0.51% ID/g and 1.03 ± 0.26% ID/g, respectively. The radioactivity levels in other major organs at 60 min were 0.52 ± 0.08 (heart), 0.36 ± 0.04 (liver), 0.90 ± 0.15 (spleen), 0.29 ± 0.09 (bone), and 0.02 ± 0.00 (blood). Human dosimetry estimation based on the rat distribution data indicated that the adrenal was the critical organ with 0.035 mGy/MBq (0.131 rad/mCi). The brain and the whole body had doses of 0.027 mGy/MBq (0.100 rad rad/mCi) and 0.013 mGy/MBq (0.047 rad/mCi), respectively. In the acute toxicity studies of FPS in rats, the no observable effect level (NOEL) was determined to be 6 mg/kg. With the exception of the transient convulsion immediately after administration of 8.8 mg/kg of FPS, no evidence of CNS or cardiovascular toxicity (0.088−8.8 mg/kg) was observed in rats.</p></div><div id="FPS18F.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20rabbit%20OR%20pig%20OR%20sheep%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Waterhouse et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPS18F.REF.2" rid="FPS18F.REF.2">2</a>) conducted acute toxicity studies of FPS in rabbits and dogs. In the rabbit studies, the FPS doses ranged from 0.088-8.8 mg/kg and were given as a single i.v. injection. The NOEL was 0.044 mg/kg and the maximum tolerated dose was <4.4 mg/kg. No drug-related changes were observed in the rabbits’ eyes and no drug-related lesions were found during gross or microscopic examination. In the dog studies, single i.v. administrations of FPS (13.2 μg/kg–2640 μg/kg) were used. The NOEL dose was 0.013 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerated dose was <0.13 mg/kg. Clinical signs of toxicity were overt aggressiveness and EKG changes.</p></div><div id="FPS18F.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%5B18F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29%20AND%20%28primate%20NOT%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="FPS18F.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_FPS18F_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%5B18F%5DFPS%20OR%20%28sigma%201%20receptor%20radioligand%29%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FPS18F.Supplemental_Information"><h2 id="_FPS18F_Supplemental_Information_">Supplemental Information</h2><p>[<a href="/books/n/micad/disclaimer/?report=reader">Disclaimers</a>]</p><p>Preclinical Acute Toxicity Studies and Dosimetry Estimates by Waterhouse, et al.</p><p>Dosimetry Studies</p><p>Synthesis Procedure Checklist</p><p>Master Batch Record</p></div><div id="FPS18F.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_FPS18F_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>NIH 1RO1 NS40402, NIMH 2003.</p></div><div id="FPS18F.References"><h2 id="_FPS18F_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.1">Waterhouse R.N., Chang R.C., Zhao J., Carambot P.E. In vivo evaluation in rats of [(18)F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine as a potential radiotracer for PET assessment of CNS sigma-1 receptors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">33</span>(2):211–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16546675" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16546675</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.2">Waterhouse R.N., Zhao J., Stabin M.G., Ng H., Schindler-Horvat J., Chang R.C., Mirsalis J.C. Preclinical acute toxicity studies and dosimetry estimates of the novel sigma-1 receptor radiotracer, [18F]SFE. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging Biol. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">8</span>(5):284–91.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16924428" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16924428</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.3">Zhao J., Chang R., Carambot P., Waterhouse R.N. Radiosynthesis and in vivo study of [18F]1-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-[(cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine: a promising new sigma-1 receptor ligand. <span><span class="ref-journal">Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">48</span>:547–555.</span></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.4">Lever J.R., Gustafson J.L., Xu R., Allmon R.L., Lever S.Z. Sigma1 and sigma2 receptor binding affinity and selectivity of SA4503 and fluoroethyl SA4503. <span><span class="ref-journal">Synapse. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">59</span>(6):350–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16463398" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16463398</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.5">Skuza G., Wedzony K. Behavioral pharmacology of sigma-ligands. <span><span class="ref-journal">Pharmacopsychiatry. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">37</span> Suppl 3:S183–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15547784" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15547784</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.6">Skuza G. Potential antidepressant activity of sigma ligands. <span><span class="ref-journal">Pol J Pharmacol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">55</span>(6):923–34.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14730086" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14730086</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.7">Ishiguro H., Ohtsuki T., Toru M., Itokawa M., Aoki J., Shibuya H., Kurumaji A., Okubo Y., Iwawaki A., Ota K., Shimizu H., Hamaguchi H., Arinami T. Association between polymorphisms in the type 1 sigma receptor gene and schizophrenia. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neurosci Lett. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">257</span>(1):45–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9857962" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9857962</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.8">Vilner B.J., John C.S., Bowen W.D. Sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors are expressed in a wide variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Res. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">55</span>(2):408–13.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7812973" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7812973</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.9">Mach R.H., Gage H.D., Buchheimer N., Huang Y., Kuhner R., Wu L., Morton T.E., Ehrenkaufer R.L. N-[18F]4'-fluorobenzylpiperidin-4yl-(2-fluorophenyl) acetamide ([18F]FBFPA): a potential fluorine-18 labeled PET radiotracer for imaging sigma-1 receptors in the CNS. <span><span class="ref-journal">Synapse. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">58</span>(4):267–74.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16206186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16206186</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.10">Hanner M., Moebius F.F., Flandorfer A., Knaus H.G., Striessnig J., Kempner E., Glossmann H. Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of the mammalian sigma1-binding site. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">93</span>(15):8072–7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC38877/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC38877</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8755605" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8755605</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.11">Hashimoto K., Ishiwata K. Sigma receptor ligands: possible application as therapeutic drugs and as radiopharmaceuticals. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Pharm Des. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">12</span>(30):3857–76.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17073684" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17073684</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.12">Mahmood, A. and A.G. Jones, <em>Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals</em>, in <em>Handbooks of Radiopharmaceuticals</em>, M.J. Welch and C.S. Redvanley, Editors. 2003, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: West Sussex. p. 323-349.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.13">Waterhouse R.N., Collier T.L. In vivo evaluation of [18F]1-(3-fluoropropyl)-4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)piperidine: a selective sigma-1 receptor radioligand for PET. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">24</span>(2):127–34.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9089705" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9089705</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.14">Waterhouse R.N., Mardon K., Giles K.M., Collier T.L., O'Brien J.C. Halogenated 4-(phenoxymethyl)piperidines as potential radiolabeled probes for sigma-1 receptors: in vivo evaluation of [123I]-1-(iodopropen-2-yl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">40</span>(11):1657–67.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9171875" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9171875</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.15">Collier T.L., O'Brien J.C., Waterhouse R.N. Synthesis of [18F]-1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)-piperidine. <span><span class="ref-journal">Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">38</span>(9):785–794.</span></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPS18F.REF.16">Waterhouse R.N., Stabin M.G., Page J.G. Preclinical acute toxicity studies and rodent-based dosimetry estimates of the novel sigma-1 receptor radiotracer [(18)F]FPS. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">30</span>(5):555–63.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12831995" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12831995</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK23522_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.mln.ibcn@dacim</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">November 18, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">December 20, 2007</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Cheng KT. [18F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine. 2006 Nov 18 [Updated 2007 Dec 20]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/SFE18F/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/EF3-18F/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobFPS18FTc"><div id="FPS18F.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23522/table/FPS18F.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__FPS18F.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>18</sup>F]1-(3-Fluoropropyl)-4-[(4-cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/17422994" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=17422994" alt="image 17422994 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>18</sup>F]FPS</td></tr><tr><td scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigma (σ) receptor</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron Emission Tomography (PET)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>18</sup>F</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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<br />
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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<br />
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-primate non-rodent mammals
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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