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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23560_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">6-Fluoropyridoxol</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">6-FPOL</div><p class="contribs">Cheng KT.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK23560_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figFPOLT1"><a href="/books/NBK23560/table/FPOL.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figFPOLT1" rid-ob="figobFPOLT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK23560/table/FPOL.T1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK23560/table/FPOL.T1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="FPOL.T1"><a href="/books/NBK23560/table/FPOL.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobFPOLT1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
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<i>In vitro</i>
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Rodents
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</p></div></div><div id="FPOL.Background"><h2 id="_FPOL_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=6-fluoropyridoxol%20OR%206-FPOL" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>6-Fluoropyridoxol (6-FPOL) is a fluorinated vitamin B<sub>6</sub> derivative developed for measuring transmembrane pH gradient <i>in vivo</i> with <sup>19</sup>F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>19</sup>F-MRS) (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.1" rid="FPOL.REF.1">1</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.2" rid="FPOL.REF.2">2</a>).</p><p>Magnetic resonance imaging and MRS imaging are evolving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques that can be used for non-invasive evaluation of anatomic and metabolic features of pathologies (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.3" rid="FPOL.REF.3">3</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.4" rid="FPOL.REF.4">4</a>). MRS can detect metabolites that contain proton, phosphorus, fluorine, or other nuclei. Both <sup>1</sup>H- and <sup>31</sup>P-MRS have revealed significant disturbances in amino acids, lipids, and phosphorus-containing metabolites <i>in vivo</i> (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.5" rid="FPOL.REF.5">5</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.6" rid="FPOL.REF.6">6</a>). Cellular pH has been found to play a regulatory role in most cellular processes, from the activity of individual enzymes to coordinated development of an organism (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.7" rid="FPOL.REF.7">7</a>). Many metabolic enzymes exhibit optimal activity in a narrow pH range. There are also significant pH gradients within and between cellular compartments. Compared with normal tissue, tumor tissue has a reversed pH gradient with an acidic extracellular compartment and a basic intracellular compartment. Mechanical activity of the heart is greatly influenced by pH, and myocardial ischemia can lead to hypoxia and acidosis. Clinically, MRS can be used to monitor cellular pH and detect pH changes in response to therapy. Theoretically, MRS chemical shift imaging may allow <i>in vivo</i> mapping of tissue/organ pH changes.</p><p>Many molecules exhibit chemical shift response to pH changes, and measurements of these chemical shifts are directly related to pH (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.7" rid="FPOL.REF.7">7</a>). <i>In vivo</i> MRS pH measurement can be performed with endogenous molecules such as inorganic phosphate in <sup>31</sup>P-MRS. However, pH measurement in whole tissues by use of endogenous molecules is not always successful because of crowded spectra, broad lines, or low molecule concentrations. Exogenous molecules have been found to be useful as reporter probes to facilitate <i>in vivo</i> pH measurement. Among these molecules, <sup>19</sup>F-MRS chemical shift molecules have distinct advantages of a large chemical shift range, high gyromagnetic ratio, high detection sensitivity, and no background signal from tissues. Mason (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.7" rid="FPOL.REF.7">7</a>) studied various fluorinated vitamin B<sub>6</sub> analogs as <sup>19</sup>F-MRS agents to measure intracellular pH (pH<sub>i</sub>) and extracellular pH (pH<sub>e</sub>). Mehta et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.2" rid="FPOL.REF.2">2</a>) evaluated one of these analogs, 6-FPOL, and found that the molecule exhibited exceptional sensitivity to changes in pH and could be used to measure pH<sub>i</sub> and pH<sub>e</sub> simultaneously. The response of <sup>19</sup>F-MRS chemical shifts to pH in the molecule is considered to be caused primarily by protonation and deprotonation of the 3-phenolic OH. This affects the electronic environment around fluorine at position 6, which is very pronounced because of the <i>para</i> location.</p></div><div id="FPOL.Synthesis"><h2 id="_FPOL_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%286-fluoropyridoxol%20OR%206-FPOL%29%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Korytnyk and Srivastava (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.8" rid="FPOL.REF.8">8</a>) first reported the synthesis of 6-halogen-substituted vitamin B<sub>6</sub> analogs. Mason (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.7" rid="FPOL.REF.7">7</a>) described it in three steps starting from pyridoxine hydrochloride. Diazotization of pyridoxine with benzene diazonium chloride gave 6-phenazopyridoxol. Dithionite reduction or catalytic reduction (Pd/C) produced 6-aminopyridoxol. 6-FPOL was then produced from 6-aminopyridoxol by a modified Schieman reaction. Specifically, 6-aminopyridoxol in 40% HBF<sub>4</sub> was reacted with NaNO<sub>2</sub> at 10 °C for 2 h. After addition of 5 N NaOH at 10 °C to pH 3-4, the solution was extracted with diethyl ether, washed with water, dried, and concentrated. The crystalline material was recrystallized from diethyl ether. The final yield was 34%.</p></div><div id="FPOL.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_FPOL_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%286-fluoropyridoxol%20OR%206-FPOL%29%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Mehta et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.2" rid="FPOL.REF.2">2</a>) used 7-Tesla (282.3 MHz) NMR to study 6-FPOL in fresh whole blood obtained from rabbits. 6-FPOL exhibited a single sharp <sup>19</sup>F-NMR resonance in aqueous solution or plasma with a line width of ~20 Hz. The <sup>19</sup>F-NMR chemical shift of 6-FPOL was very sensitive to pH with a change of 9.76 ppm between acid and base. Coefficients of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation were determined as p<i>K</i>a = 8.2, <i>δ</i> (acid) = –9.85 ppm, and <i>δ</i> (base) = –19.61 ppm. 6-FPOL produced two distinct, well-resolved <sup>19</sup>F-NMR resonances at –10.72 ± 0.03 ppm (intracellular compartment) and –11.34 ± 0.06 ppm (extracellular compartment), which corresponded to pH 7.19 ± 0.02 and 7.45 ± 0.02, respectively. The molecule had a chemical shift range of ~10 ppm. The pH-dependent <sup>19</sup>F-NMR chemical shift of 6-FPOL was independent of temperature and the presence of metal ions or plasma proteins. 6-FPOL penetrated and left the red blood cells rapidly, but exchange was sufficiently slow to provide separate resonances for intra- and extracellular compartments. Acid-base exchange was in the fast-exchange regime so that a single narrow line was observed for each compartment. In a separate experiment using blood saturated with carbon monoxide to reduce intracellular paramagnetic line broadening from deoxyhemoglobin, <sup>31</sup>P-NMR indicated an intracellular pH ~7.14 ± 0.06.</p><p>Hunjan et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.9" rid="FPOL.REF.9">9</a>) evaluated 6-FPOL in perfused rat hearts, using a 9.4-Tesla NMR (376 MHz) spectrometer. The addition of 6-FPOL to a single heart showed two well-resolved peaks at –10.63 ± 0.01 ppm (intracellular compartment; <i>n</i> = 3 repeated measurements) and –11.53 ± 0.04 ppm (extracellular compartment), corresponding to pH<sub>i</sub> = 7.14 ± 0.01 and pH<sub>e</sub> = 7.52 ± 0.02, respectively. In eight hearts, the measurements were similar, in the range of –10.43 to –10.69 ppm (intracellular compartment) and –11.50 to –12.45 ppm (extracellular compartment), corresponding to mean pH<sub>i</sub> of 7.11 ± 0.07 and pH<sub>e</sub> of 7.60 ± 0.08, respectively. The <sup>31</sup>P-NMR chemical shift of inorganic phosphate gave similar measurements for pH<sub>i</sub> (7.11 ± 0.04; <i>n</i> = 7), and external electrode measurement gave a pH<sub>e</sub> of 7.63 ± 0.33 (<i>n</i> = 5). On addition of 6-PFOL (3.6 mM), hearts occasionally showed an immediate but transient 10-40% reduction in developed pressure, lasting 3-6 min, followed by complete recovery. 6-FPOL <sup>19</sup>F-MRS showed the changes in pH<sub>i</sub> and pH<sub>e</sub> when artificial metabolic alkalosis or acidosis was induced by sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. In both instances, pH<sub>e</sub> changed significantly but pH<sub>i</sub> remained unchanged. In respiratory alkalosis induced by reducing the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration from 5% to 0%, both pH<sub>i</sub> and pH<sub>e</sub> changed simultaneously. Total global ischemia induced by halting the flow of perfusate caused the intracellular and extracellular peaks to merge together as an indication of acidosis.</p><p>He et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.1" rid="FPOL.REF.1">1</a>) studied 6-FPOl and a series of fluorinated vitamin B<sub>6</sub> analogs in whole blood and perfused rat hearts, using a 7-Tesla (282 MHz) NMR spectrometer. They found that the pyridine core of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> was readily amenable to many chemical modifications. The modification of the 4- and 5- position hydroxymethyl moieties produced modification of the p<i>K</i>a with relatively minor changes in chemical shift and chemical shift range. The introduction of an aminomethyl group at these positions appeared to cause the p<i>K</i>a to shift toward the acidic range. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing carboxyl group caused a shift toward base.</p><p>Korytnyk and Srivastava (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.8" rid="FPOL.REF.8">8</a>) found that 6-FPOL appeared to inhibit <i>in vitro</i> growth of tumor cells with an inhibitory concentration (ID<sub>50</sub>) of ~0.1 mM for adenocarcinoma (TA-3) cells and 25 μM for sarcoma (S-180) cells.</p></div><div id="FPOL.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_FPOL_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="FPOL.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%286-fluoropyridoxol%20OR%206-FPOL%29%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Korytnyk and Srivastava (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.8" rid="FPOL.REF.8">8</a>) injected a single i.p. dose of 6-FPOL in mice and found that the mice survived a dose of 100 mg/kg</p><p>Mason (<a class="bibr" href="#FPOL.REF.7" rid="FPOL.REF.7">7</a>) reported that transmembrane pH gradient of tumors could be measured by <sup>19</sup>F-MRS in rats bearing Dunning AT1 prostate rat tumors after i.p administration of 6-FPOL (200 mg/rat; ~800 mg/kg) with no obvious acute toxicity.</p></div><div id="FPOL.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%22%20SUBSTANCENAME%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20rabbit%20OR%20pig%20OR%20sheep%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FPOL.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%22SUBSTANCENAME%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20%28primate%20NOT%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="FPOL.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_FPOL_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%22SUBSTANCENAME%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FPOL.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_FPOL_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>NIH Biotechnology Facility Grant #5-P41-RR02584, CA-08793, CA-13038, R01CA79515.</p></div><div id="FPOL.references"><h2 id="_FPOL_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.1">He S. , Mason R.P. , Hunjan S. , Mehta V.D. , Arora V. , Katipally R. , Kulkarni P.V. , Antich P.P. Development of novel 19F NMR pH indicators: synthesis and evaluation of a series of fluorinated vitamin B6 analogues. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioorg Med Chem. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>6</strong>
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</span>(9):1631–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9801834" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9801834</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.2">Mehta V.D. , Kulkarni P.V. , Mason R.P. , Constantinescu A. , Aravind S. , Goomer N. , Antich P.P. 6-Fluoropyridoxol: a novel probe of cellular pH using 19F NMR spectroscopy. <span><span class="ref-journal">FEBS Lett. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>349</strong>
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</span>(2):234–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8050572" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8050572</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.3">Kuroda K. Non-invasive MR thermography using the water proton chemical shift. <span><span class="ref-journal">Int J Hyperthermia. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>21</strong>
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</span>(6):547–60.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16147439" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16147439</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.4">Golder W. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical oncology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Onkologie. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>27</strong>
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</span>(3):304–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249722" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15249722</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.5">Bolan P.J. , Nelson M.T. , Yee D. , Garwood M. Imaging in breast cancer: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. <span><span class="ref-journal">Breast Cancer Res. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>7</strong>
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</span>(4):149–52.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1175074/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1175074</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15987466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15987466</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.6">Imamura K. Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain with a focus on chemical issues. <span><span class="ref-journal">Magn Reson Med Sci. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>2</strong>
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</span>(3):117–32.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16222103" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16222103</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.7">Mason R.P. Transmembrane pH gradients in vivo: measurements using fluorinated vitamin B6 derivatives. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Med Chem. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>6</strong>
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</span>(6):481–99.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10213795" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10213795</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.8">Korytnyk W. , Srivastava S.C. Synthesis and physicochemical and biological properties of 6-halogen-substituted vitamin B 6 analogs. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>1973;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>16</strong>
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</span>(6):638–42.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4714995" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4714995</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FPOL.REF.9">Hunjan S. , Mason R.P. , Mehta V.D. , Kulkarni P.V. , Aravind S. , Arora V. , Antich P.P. Simultaneous intracellular and extracellular pH measurement in the heart by 19F NMR of 6-fluoropyridoxol. <span><span class="ref-journal">Magn Reson Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>39</strong>
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</span>(4):551–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543416" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9543416</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK23560_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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</div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">May 9, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">March 25, 2008</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Cheng KT. 6-Fluoropyridoxol. 2006 May 9 [Updated 2008 Mar 25]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/sos19f/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/CS-1000/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobFPOLT1"><div id="FPOL.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23560/table/FPOL.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__FPOL.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6-Fluoropyridoxol</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/11528973" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=11528973" alt="image 11528973 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6-FPOL</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2-Fluoro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol,<br />2-fluoro-3,4-di(hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridine</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proton (H<sup>+</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protonation and deprotonation of the 3-phenolic OH in different pH environments that lead to chemical shift changes of <sup>19</sup>F at the 6 position.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>19</sup>F-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal/contrast:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>19</sup>F</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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