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<title>N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2011/02/01" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641368" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23165/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2011/02/01" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23165/" /><meta name="description" content="Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition, and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in the striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (1, 2). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (3-6). Because of the short physical half-live of 11C- of 11C-labeled analogs, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [123I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which showed slow tracer uptake kinetics (7, 8). This led to the development of N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ([18F]FP-CIT) for PET brain imaging in PD patients (4)." /><meta name="og:title" content="N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition, and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in the striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (1, 2). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (3-6). Because of the short physical half-live of 11C- of 11C-labeled analogs, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [123I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which showed slow tracer uptake kinetics (7, 8). 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23165_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23165_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/DAFBA18F/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/DRD3-5-18F/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23165_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><i>N</i>-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"> [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23165_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23165_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 15, 2004</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">February 1, 2011</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="FP-CIT18F.T.nc_chemical_namen318ffluorop" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23165/table/FP-CIT18F.T.nc_chemical_namen318ffluorop/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__FP-CIT18F.T.nc_chemical_namen318ffluorop_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>N</i>-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/915" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=915" alt="image 915 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT, [<sup>18</sup>F]β-CIT-FP</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2-Carbomethoxy-8-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane,<br /><i>N</i>-ω-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dopamine transporter</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transporter</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography, PET</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>18</sup>F</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-Human Primates
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Humans
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.Background"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition, and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in the striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.1" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT18F.REF.2">1, 2</a>). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and <i>N</i>-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.3" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT18F.REF.4 FP-CIT18F.REF.5 FP-CIT18F.REF.6">3-6</a>). Because of the short physical half-live of <sup>11</sup>C- of <sup>11</sup>C-labeled analogs, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [<sup>123</sup>I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which showed slow tracer uptake kinetics (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.7" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT18F.REF.8">7, 8</a>). This led to the development of <i>N</i>-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ([<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT) for PET brain imaging in PD patients (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.4">4</a>).</p><div id="FP-CIT18F.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/books?term=dopamine%20transporter%20AND%20micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/6531" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/126455" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=FP-CIT" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">FP-CIT </a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug information in FDA (<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=FP-CIT&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=19&y=6" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">FP-CIT</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.Synthesis"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20synthesis%5BAll%20Fields%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p> [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT was synthesized by a nucleophilic fluorination of the mesylate precursor using the standard [<sup>18</sup>F] potassium Kryptofix complex. This method was automated to give a radiochemical yield of 1-2% (not decay corrected) in 80 min and a radiochemical purity of 98% (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.4">4</a>). In another synthesis, [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl bromide was prepared by a nucleophilic fluorination of 1,3-dibromopropane with [<sup>18</sup>F] potassium Kryptofix complex. [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropyl bromide was used to alkylate nor-CIT to form [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT with a radiochemical yield of 2-4% and a radiochemical purity of 99%. The total synthesis time was about 90 min (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.6">6</a>).</p></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>FP-CIT was reported to bind to both dopaminergic and serotonergic transporters in rat forebrain membrane homogenates (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.9">9</a>). The transporter-binding affinity of FP-CIT was evaluated by competitive radioaffinity assays for DAT, serotonin, and norepinephrine with [<sup>3</sup>H]GBR 12935, [<sup>3</sup>H]paroxetine, and [<sup>3</sup>H]nisoxetine, respectively. Binding affinities (<i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>, n<span class="small-caps">m</span>) of FP-CIT at DAT, serotonin, and norepinephrine were 3.50, 0.11, and 63.0, respectively. FP-CIT showed lower DAT affinity than β-CIT for DAT and more selective affinity for the serotonin over DAT. Therefore, FP-CIT is useful as a tracer for DA neurons in the striatum and for serotonin neurons in the other brain areas.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="FP-CIT18F.Rodent_Studies"><h3>Rodent Studies</h3><p>
|
||
<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">[PubMed]</a>
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</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.Other_NonPrimate_Mammal_Studie"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammal Studies</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%2818f%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20cit%5BText%20Word%5D%20AND%20fp%5BAll%20Fields%5D%29%20AND%20animals%20NOT%20primates%20NOT%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.NonHuman_Primate_Studies"><h3>Non-Human Primate Studies</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20monkeys%5BText%20Word%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p> [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT PET studies were performed in cynomolgus monkeys (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.6">6</a>). [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT entered the brain rapidly. There was a high uptake in the striatum and much lower in the thalamus, neo-cortex, and cerebellum. The striatum-to-cerebellum ratio was about 5 at time of transient equilibrium, which occurred after 60-100 min. After pretreatment with GBR 12909, radioactivity in the striatum was markedly reduced, thus indicating specific [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT binding to the dopamine transporters. The fraction of unchanged [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT in monkey plasma determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 10-15% after 25-140 min.</p></div></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=18F%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Human dosimetry of [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT was determined from blood samples and PET images in 12 human subjects after intravenous injection of [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT, which was cleared rapidly from the blood to <10% in 15 min (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.10">10</a>). Uptake in the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys and liver peaked in 15-30 min and fell rapidly. The effective dose equivalent was 0.012 mSv/MBq (44 mrem/mCi). The organ that received the highest dose was the urinary bladder (0.059 mGy/MBq or 218 mrad/mCi), followed by the lungs (0.019 mGy/MBq or 70 mrad/mCi) and the liver (0.019 mGy/MBq or 70 mrad/mCi).</p><p> [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT PET was first studied in one normal subject and one mildly affected PD patient (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.4">4</a>). A higher uptake into striatal regions was observed in the normal brain than the PD brain. A reduction in putamenal uptake of 65% was observed in the PD patient. [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT PET images of striatal uptake were more superior than those of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT SPECT. [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT was cleared from the blood in 30 min. HPLC plasma analysis using [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT indicated the presence of only one minor metabolite. A larger study was later performed using 15 early stage PD patients and 10 age-matched normal volunteers. Statistical parametric mapping was used to localize [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT binding reduction in PD patients as compared to the normal volunteers. A reduction of 70% in ipsilateral putamen was observed in PD patients (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT18F.REF.11">11</a>).</p><p> [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT PET scan is a useful tool in clinical practice to support the diagnosis of PD and to differentiate between other pathological conditions. Moreover, [<sup>18</sup>F]FP-CIT PET could significantly impact treatment selection and follow-up of these patients.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT18F.References"><h2 id="_FP-CIT18F_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.1">Carbon M., Ghilardi M.F., Feigin A., Fukuda M., Silvestri G., Mentis M.J., Ghez C., Moeller J.R., Eidelberg D.
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<em>Learning networks in health and Parkinson's disease: reproducibility and treatment effects.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Hum Brain Mapp. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(3):197–211.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6871830/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6871830</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12811735" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12811735</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.2">Chesselet M.F., Delfs J.M.
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<em>Basal ganglia and movement disorders: an update.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Trends Neurosci. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(10):417–22.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8888518" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8888518</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.3">Abi-Dargham A., Gandelman M.S., DeErausquin G.A., Zea-Ponce Y., Zoghbi S.S., Baldwin R.M., Laruelle M., Charney D.S., Hoffer P.B., Neumeyer J.L., Innis R.B.
|
||
<em>SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters in human brain with iodine-123-fluoroalkyl analogs of beta-CIT.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(7):1129–33.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8965183" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8965183</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.4">Chaly T., Dhawan V., Kazumata K., Antonini A., Margouleff C., Dahl J.R., Belakhlef A., Margouleff D., Yee A., Wang S., Tamagnan G., Neumeyer J.L., Eidelberg D.
|
||
<em>Radiosynthesis of [18F] N-3-fluoropropyl-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane and the first human study with positron emission tomography.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(8):999–1004.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9004288" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9004288</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.5">Kazumata K., Dhawan V., Chaly T., Antonini A., Margouleff C., Belakhlef A., Neumeyer J., Eidelberg D.
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||
<em>Dopamine transporter imaging with fluorine-18-FPCIT and PET.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(9):1521–30.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9744335" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9744335</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.6">Lundkvist C., Halldin C., Ginovart N., Swahn C.G., Farde L.
|
||
<em>[18F] beta-CIT-FP is superior to [11C] beta-CIT-FP for quantitation of the dopamine transporter.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">24</span>(7):621–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9352532" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9352532</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.7">Ishikawa T., Dhawan V., Kazumata K., Chaly T., Mandel F., Neumeyer J., Margouleff C., Babchyck B., Zanzi I., Eidelberg D.
|
||
<em>Comparative nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-beta CIT-FP/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA/PET.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(11):1760–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8917170" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8917170</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.8">Laruelle M., Wallace E., Seibyl J.P., Baldwin R.M., Zea-Ponce Y., Zoghbi S.S., Neumeyer J.L., Charney D.S., Hoffer P.B., Innis R.B.
|
||
<em>Graphical, kinetic, and equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I] beta-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">14</span>(6):982–94.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7929662" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7929662</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.9">Neumeyer J.L., Tamagnan G., Wang S., Gao Y., Milius R.A., Kula N.S., Baldessarini R.J.
|
||
<em>N-substituted analogs of 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta- (4'-iodophenyl)tropane (beta-CIT) with selective affinity to dopamine or serotonin transporters in rat forebrain.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(2):543–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8558525" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8558525</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.10">Robeson W., Dhawan V., Belakhlef A., Ma Y., Pillai V., Chaly T., Margouleff C., Bjelke D., Eidelberg D.
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||
<em>Dosimetry of the dopamine transporter radioligand 18F-FPCIT in human subjects.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">44</span>(6):961–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12791826" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12791826</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT18F.REF.11">Ma Y., Dhawan V., Mentis M., Chaly T., Spetsieris P.G., Eidelberg D.
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<em>Parametric mapping of [18F]FPCIT binding in early stage Parkinson's disease: a PET study.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Synapse. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">45</span>(2):125–33.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12112405" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12112405</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23165/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23165/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23165" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23165" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane. 2004 Dec 15 [Updated 2011 Feb 1]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23165/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23165.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (390K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT18F.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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