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<title>N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)nortropane - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2011/02/01" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641194" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22986/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2011/02/01" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22986/" /><meta name="description" content="Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (1, 2). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (3-6). Because of the short physical half-live of [11C] of [11C]-analogues, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [123I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), showing slow tracer uptake kinetics (7, 8). It took 20 to 30 h to reach a stable level in the striatum. Therefore, [123I]FP-CIT was developed for SPECT brain imaging in PD patients (4). [123I]FP-CIT was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for detecting loss of functional nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by SPECT imaging in patients presenting with symptoms or signs suggestive of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 2011." /><meta name="og:title" content="N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)nortropane" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (1, 2). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (3-6). Because of the short physical half-live of [11C] of [11C]-analogues, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [123I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), showing slow tracer uptake kinetics (7, 8). It took 20 to 30 h to reach a stable level in the striatum. Therefore, [123I]FP-CIT was developed for SPECT brain imaging in PD patients (4). 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK22986_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK22986_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Nicotinamide-123I/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/AM281-123I/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK22986_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><i>N</i>-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[<sup>123</sup>I]iodophenyl)nortropane</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"> [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK22986_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK22986_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@DACIM</a></div></div><div class="small">Corresponding author.</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 16, 2004</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">February 1, 2011</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="FP-CIT123I.T.nc_chemical_namen3fluoropro" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK22986/table/FP-CIT123I.T.nc_chemical_namen3fluoropro/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__FP-CIT123I.T.nc_chemical_namen3fluoropro_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>N</i>-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[<sup>123</sup>I]iodophenyl)nortropane</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/212" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=212" alt="image 212 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT, [<sup>123</sup>I]β-CIT-FP</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2-Carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-[<sup>123</sup>I]iodophenyl)tropane,<br /><i>N</i>-ω-Fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[<sup>123</sup>I]iodophenyl)tropane, 123I-Ioflupane, DaTSCAN®</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dopamine transporter (DAT)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transporter</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>123</sup>I</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-Human Primates
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Humans
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.Background"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the mediation of movement, cognition and emotion. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of dopamine-containing neurons in striatum, resulting in a loss of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.1" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT123I.REF.2">1, 2</a>). Reduction of DAT density is inversely correlated with the severity of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Several cocaine analogs were developed for the evaluation of DAT density in neurons of PD patients. Radiolabeled 2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (β-CIT) and <i>N</i>-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) have been used for brain imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.3" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT123I.REF.4 FP-CIT123I.REF.5 FP-CIT123I.REF.6">3-6</a>). Because of the short physical half-live of [<sup>11</sup>C] of [<sup>11</sup>C]-analogues, equilibrium conditions are difficult to achieve in positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. [<sup>123</sup>I]β-CIT was studied in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), showing slow tracer uptake kinetics (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.7" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT123I.REF.8">7, 8</a>). It took 20 to 30 h to reach a stable level in the striatum. Therefore, [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT was developed for SPECT brain imaging in PD patients (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.4">4</a>). [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for detecting loss of functional nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by SPECT imaging in patients presenting with symptoms or signs suggestive of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 2011.</p><div id="FP-CIT123I.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links:</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapters in MICAD (<a href="/books?term=dopamine%20transporter%20AND%20micad%5Bbook%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gene information in NCBI (<a href="/gene/6531" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Articles in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (<a href="/omim/126455" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Dopamine transporter</a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical trials (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=DatSCAN" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">[<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT </a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug information in FDA (<a href="http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=DatSCAN&client=FDAgov&site=FDAgov&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=*&x=19&y=6" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">[<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.Synthesis"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p> [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT was synthesized by the chloramine-T method to iodinate the trimethylstannyl precursor using sodium [<sup>123</sup>I]iodide. This method gave a radiochemical yield of 95% and a radiochemical purity of 98% (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.4">4</a>). [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT is also commercially available (Amersham, Cygne, The Netherlands).</p></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_C"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_C_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>FP-CIT was reported to bind to both dopaminergic and serotonergic transporters in rat forebrain membrane homogenates (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.9">9</a>). The transporter-binding affinity of FP-CIT was evaluated by competitive radioaffinity assays for DAT, serotonin, and norepinephrine with [<sup>3</sup>H]GBR 12935, [<sup>3</sup>H]paroxetine, and [<sup>3</sup>H]nisoxetine, respectively. Binding affinity (<i>K</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>, n<span class="small-caps">m</span>) of FP-CIT at DAT, serotonin, and norepinephrine were 3.50, 0.11, and 63.0, respectively. FP-CIT showed lower DAT affinity than β-CIT for DAT and was more selective for serotonin over DAT. Therefore, [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT is useful as a tracer for DA neurons in the striatum and for serotonin neurons in the other brain areas.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="FP-CIT123I.Rodent_Studies"><h3>Rodent Studies</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Intravenous injection of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT in rats resulted in high uptake of radioactivity in the striatum (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.10">10</a>). Less pronounced uptake was seen in hypothalamus areas with high serotonin uptake sites. The striatal uptake of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT was displaced significantly by GBR 12,909 (a specific DAT blocker) and not by fluvoxamine (a specific serotonin re-uptake blockers). On the other hand, fluvoxamine decreased [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT accumulation in the hypothalamus. The other organs with significant uptake were the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung. Neither GBR 12,909 nor fluvoxamine blocked the uptake in these organs. In another study, Lavalaye <i>et al</i>. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.11">11</a>) showed that acute and sub-chronic administration of various dopaminergic drugs did not have any effect on [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT uptake in the striatum.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.Other_NonPrimate_Mammal_Studi"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammal Studies</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20%28dog%20or%20pig%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.NonHuman_Primate_Studies"><h3>Non-Human Primate Studies</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%29%20AND%20monkeys%5BText%20Word%5D" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>SPECT studies were performed in baboons with [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.12">12</a>). The tracer entered the brain rapidly. There was a high uptake in the striatum and much lower uptake in the midbrain, occipital cortex, and cerebellum. The striatum/cerebellum ratio was about 3-4 at the time of peak uptake (30-60 min) and increased to 6-10 after 5 h. [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT kinetics were slow, with specific striatal washout rates of 5-7%/h, and showed major accumulation in the urinary bladder intestines, liver, kidneys and brain.</p><p>Monkeys were unilaterally treated with neurotoxic doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.10">10</a>). There was a severe loss of striatal uptake of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT at the treated side as compared with the untreated side. The striatum/cerebellum ratio was 3.9 at 3 h in the control monkeys. The ratio was 1 in the MPTP-lesioned monkeys.</p></div></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Human dosimetry of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT was determined from blood samples and SPECT images in 12 human subjects after intravenous injection of 100 MBq (2.7 mCi) of [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT, which was cleared rapidly from the blood to 53% in 60 min (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.13">13</a>). High uptake in the lungs and liver was observed after 10 min, with lower radioactivity in the brain and intestines. The images at 24 and 48 h showed persistent uptake in the liver, lungs, striatum, intestines, and urinary bladder. The effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.024 mSv/MBq (2.4 rem/mCi). The organ that received the highest dose was the striatum (0.23 mGy/MBq (0.85 rad/mCi)), followed by the urinary bladder (0.054 mGy/MBq (0.20 rad/mCi)), lungs (0.043 mGy/MBq (0.16 rad/mCi)), and liver (0.029 mGy/MBq (0.11 rad/mCi)).</p><p>It was reported that there is a significant correlation of PD severity and duration with [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT SPECT striatal uptake (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.14" data-bk-pop-others="FP-CIT123I.REF.15 FP-CIT123I.REF.16">14-16</a>). In a recent study with 30 patents, [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT brain scans were compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) scans (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FP-CIT123I.REF.17">17</a>). In 5 patients with normal [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT brain SPECT and MRI/CT scans, symptoms could be related to a benign disorder, such as essential tremor. Two patients had non-diagnostic FP-CIT brain SPECT, with MRI/CT scans compatible with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. In the remaining 23 patients, abnormal striatal [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT uptake correlated with neurological findings, significantly increasing the probability of PD. In these patients, MRI/CT scans were normal or showed mild brain atrophy or cerebral vascular disease. [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT scan is a useful tool in clinical practice to support the diagnosis of PD and to differentiate among other conditions [<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=123I%5BAll%20Fields%5D%20AND%20%222-carbomethoxy-8-%283-fluoropropyl%29-3-%284-iodophenyl%29tropane%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]. Moreover, [<sup>123</sup>I]FP-CIT SPECT could significantly affect treatment selection and be used to noninvasively monitor the effectiveness of the therapies of these patients.</p></div><div id="FP-CIT123I.References"><h2 id="_FP-CIT123I_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.1">Carbon M., Ghilardi M.F., Feigin A., Fukuda M., Silvestri G., Mentis M.J., Ghez C., Moeller J.R., Eidelberg D.
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<em>Learning networks in health and Parkinson's disease: reproducibility and treatment effects.</em>
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||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Hum Brain Mapp. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(3):197–211.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6871830/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6871830</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12811735" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12811735</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.2">Chesselet M.F., Delfs J.M.
|
||
<em>Basal ganglia and movement disorders: an update.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Trends Neurosci. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(10):417–22.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8888518" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8888518</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.3">Abi-Dargham A., Gandelman M.S., DeErausquin G.A., Zea-Ponce Y., Zoghbi S.S., Baldwin R.M., Laruelle M., Charney D.S., Hoffer P.B., Neumeyer J.L., Innis R.B.
|
||
<em>SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters in human brain with iodine-123-fluoroalkyl analogs of beta-CIT.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(7):1129–33.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8965183" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8965183</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.4">Chaly T., Dhawan V., Kazumata K., Antonini A., Margouleff C., Dahl J.R., Belakhlef A., Margouleff D., Yee A., Wang S., Tamagnan G., Neumeyer J.L., Eidelberg D.
|
||
<em>Radiosynthesis of [18F] N-3-fluoropropyl-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane and the first human study with positron emission tomography.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(8):999–1004.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9004288" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9004288</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.5">Kazumata K., Dhawan V., Chaly T., Antonini A., Margouleff C., Belakhlef A., Neumeyer J., Eidelberg D.
|
||
<em>Dopamine transporter imaging with fluorine-18-FPCIT and PET.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(9):1521–30.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9744335" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9744335</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.6">Lundkvist C., Halldin C., Ginovart N., Swahn C.G., Farde L.
|
||
<em>[18F] beta-CIT-FP is superior to [11C] beta-CIT-FP for quantitation of the dopamine transporter.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">24</span>(7):621–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9352532" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9352532</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.7">Ishikawa T., Dhawan V., Kazumata K., Chaly T., Mandel F., Neumeyer J., Margouleff C., Babchyck B., Zanzi I., Eidelberg D.
|
||
<em>Comparative nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-beta CIT-FP/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA/PET.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>(11):1760–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8917170" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8917170</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.8">Laruelle M., Wallace E., Seibyl J.P., Baldwin R.M., Zea-Ponce Y., Zoghbi S.S., Neumeyer J.L., Charney D.S., Hoffer P.B., Innis R.B.
|
||
<em>Graphical, kinetic, and equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I] beta-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">14</span>(6):982–94.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7929662" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7929662</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.9">Neumeyer J.L., Tamagnan G., Wang S., Gao Y., Milius R.A., Kula N.S., Baldessarini R.J.
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||
<em>N-substituted analogs of 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta- (4'-iodophenyl)tropane (beta-CIT) with selective affinity to dopamine or serotonin transporters in rat forebrain.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(2):543–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8558525" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8558525</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.10">Booij J., Andringa G., Rijks L.J., Vermeulen R.J., De Bruin K., Boer G.J., Janssen A.G., Van Royen E.A.
|
||
<em>[123I]FP-CIT binds to the dopamine transporter as assessed by biodistribution studies in rats and SPECT studies in MPTP-lesioned monkeys.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Synapse. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">27</span>(3):183–90.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9329154" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9329154</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.11">Lavalaye J., Knol R.J., de Bruin K., Reneman L., Janssen A.G., Booij J.
|
||
<em>[123I]FP-CIT binding in rat brain after acute and sub-chronic administration of dopaminergic medication.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Nucl Med. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">27</span>(3):346–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10774889" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10774889</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.12">Baldwin R.M., Zea-Ponce Y., al-Tikriti M.S., Zoghbi S.S., Seibyl J.P., Charney D.S., Hoffer P.B., Wang S., Milius R.A., Neumeyer J.L. et al.
|
||
<em>Regional brain uptake and pharmacokinetics of [123I]N-omega-fluoroalkyl-2 beta-carboxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane esters in baboons.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>(2):211–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7767315" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7767315</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.13">Booij J., Busemann Sokole E., Stabin M.G., Janssen A.G., de Bruin K., van Royen E.A.
|
||
<em>Human biodistribution and dosimetry of [123I]FP-CIT: a potent radioligand for imaging of dopamine transporters.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Nucl Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">25</span>(1):24–30.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9396871" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9396871</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.14">Benamer H.T., Patterson J., Wyper D.J., Hadley D.M., Macphee G.J., Grosset D.G.
|
||
<em>Correlation of Parkinson's disease severity and duration with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT striatal uptake.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Mov Disord. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(4):692–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10928580" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10928580</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.15">Booij J., Habraken J.B., Bergmans P., Tissingh G., Winogrodzka A., Wolters E.C., Janssen A.G., Stoof J.C., van Royen E.A.
|
||
<em>Imaging of dopamine transporters with iodine-123-FP-CIT SPECT in healthy controls and patients with Parkinson's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">39</span>(11):1879–84.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9829575" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9829575</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.16">Seibyl J.P., Marek K.L., Quinlan D., Sheff K., Zoghbi S., Zea-Ponce Y., Baldwin R.M., Fussell B., Smith E.O., Charney D.S. et al.
|
||
<em>Decreased single-photon emission computed tomographic [123I]beta-CIT striatal uptake correlates with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Neurol. </span>1995;<span class="ref-vol">38</span>(4):589–98.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7574455" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7574455</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FP-CIT123I.REF.17">Covelli E.M., Brunetti A., Di Lauro A., Sullo P., Mazzarella G., Tedeschi E., Belfiore G.
|
||
<em>Clinical impact of correlative [123I]-FP-CIT brain imaging and neurological findings in suspect Parkinson's disease.</em>
|
||
<span><span class="ref-journal">Radiol Med (Torino). </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">108</span>(4):417–25.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15525895" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15525895</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK22986</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641194" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641194</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/Nicotinamide-123I/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/AM281-123I/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK22986/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22986/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22986" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22986" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)nortropane. 2004 Dec 16 [Updated 2011 Feb 1]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22986/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK22986.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (397K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_C" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FP-CIT123I.References" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641738" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)nortropane.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)nortropane.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/22073421" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> N-4-[(18)F]Fluorobut-2-yn-1-yl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-phenyltropane.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> N-4-[(18)F]Fluorobut-2-yn-1-yl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-phenyltropane.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em 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