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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23474_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23474_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/FDF18F/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/FDPN18F/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23474_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">6-Iodo-2-[4'-<i>N</i>-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)methylamino]phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">[<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">The MICAD Research Team</span>.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 13, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">December 31, 2006</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="FEMIMPY18F.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23474/table/FEMIMPY18F.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__FEMIMPY18F.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Chemical name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6-Iodo-2-[4'-<i>N</i>-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)methylamino]phenylimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/24420955" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&amp;sid=24420955" alt="image 24420955 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Synonym:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Agent Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aggregates of &#x000df;-amyloid (A&#x000df;) peptides</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Target Category:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acceptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Method of detection:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Positron emission tomography (PET)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Source of signal:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>18</sup>F</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Activation:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Studies:</b>
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<i>In vitro</i>
</div></li></ul>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Non-human primates
</div></li></ul>
<br />
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Background"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=%226-iodo-2-%284%27-N-%282-fluoroethyl%29methylamino%29phenylimidazo%281%2C2-a%29pyridine%22%5BSubstance%20Name%5D%20OR%20FEM-IMPY%5BText%20Word%5D" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Alzheimer&#x02019;s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease associated with an irreversible decline of mental functions and with cognitive impairment (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). It is characterized by the presence in the brain of senile plaques of &#x003b2;-amyloid (A&#x003b2;) peptides with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of filaments that contain the hyperphosphorylated protein tau (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.2">2</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.3">3</a>). Accelerated deposition of A&#x003b2; deposits seems to be a key risk factor associated with AD, and although the mechanisms of the disease are still not fully understood, reducing the deposition of amyloid plaques seems to benefit patients.</p><p>Several radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.4">4-6</a>) and tested in humans as <i>in vivo</i> diagnostic tools for imaging and measuring the formation of A&#x003b2; deposits (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). The first agent successfully used in human studies was <a href="/books/n/micad/FDDNP18F/">[<sup>18</sup>F]FDDNP</a> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.7">7</a>), a malonitrile derivative found to bind to both neurofibrillary tangles and A&#x003b2; plaques. The second successful attempt was made with <a href="/books/n/micad/PIB11C/">[<sup>11</sup>C]PIB</a> (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.8">8</a>), also known as Pittsburgh Compound B or [<sup>11</sup>C]6-OH-BTA-1, which showed marked retention in areas of the cortex known to contain substantial amounts of A&#x003b2; deposits. The third PET radioligand successfully tested in humans was [<sup>11</sup>C]4-<i>N</i>-methylamino-4&#x000b4;-hydroxystilbene, a stilbene derivative commonly named <a href="/books/n/micad/SB1311C/">[<sup>11</sup>C]SB-13</a> that exhibited good binding affinities for A&#x003b2; aggregates <i>in vitro</i>, moderate lipophilicity, high initial brain uptake in the normal rat cortex, and a rapid washout (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.9">9</a>).</p><p>Benzofuran derivatives labeled with radioactive iodine have shown very good binding affinities for A&#x003b2; aggregates and good brain penetration (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.10">10</a>). Unfortunately, their level of nonspecific binding was found to be very high, which makes them unsuitable for <i>in vivo</i> plaque imaging. However, <a href="/books/n/micad/IMPY/">[<sup>125</sup>I]IMPY</a> displayed a good initial brain uptake and rapid washout from normal mouse brain and postmortem AD brain sections (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.11">11</a>). Its desirable pharmacokinetics makes [<sup>125</sup>I]IMPY an attractive agent for mapping A&#x003b2; plaques. More recently, the <sup>18</sup>F-labeled analog of IMPY in which the <i>N</i>-methyl group is replaced with [<sup>18</sup>F]2-fluoroethyl ([<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY) has been synthesized and is currently under investigation as a prospective PET radioligand for A&#x003b2; plaques (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>).</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Synthesis"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20synthesis%5BAll%20Fields%5D" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>A one-pot radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY using HM-IMPY as the precursor was developed by Cai et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>). In this method, HM-IMPY reacted with ethyleneglycol bis-tosylate at 130&#x02013;150&#x000b0;C under microwave conditions. This slow reaction (5% complete after 10 min) could be enhanced by the addition of [K-(Kryptofix 222)]<sup>+</sup>[F]<sup>&#x02013;</sup>, which accelerated the alkylation to generate FEM-IMPY with a 70&#x02013;80% yield under anhydrous conditions. At the end of the synthesis, the radiochemical purity of the radiotracer was &#x0003e;93% and its specific radioactivity was 85&#x02013;662 GBq/&#x000b5;mol (2.3&#x02013;17.9 Ci/&#x000b5;mol).</p><p>The synthesis of the precursor HM-IMPY could be achieved in one step under mild conditions by bromination of the secondary amine 4-methylaminocetaphenone using tetra<i>-n</i>-butylammonium tribromide in MeOH (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.13">13</a>). This bromination was regioselective (only on the methyl group) and did not produce any byproducts on the ring from bromination.</p><p>An alternative synthesis of HM-IMPY is to follow one of the methods reported in the literature for the demethylation of <i>N,N</i>-dimethylanilines to perform a monodemethylation of the imidazopyridine IMPY (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.14">14</a>). One of the approaches used TiCl<sub>4</sub>/CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and only produced polymerized compounds (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.15">15</a>). In the other approach, tetra<i>-n</i>-butylammonium periodate, a potent oxygen donor, was used to hydroxylate one of the methyl groups in the presence of a metalloporphyrin catalyst. Those two methods were not very successful: the first produced polymerized products only and the second led to low yields with many side reactions and had to be abandoned.</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>FEM-IMPY was found to compete well with [<sup>125</sup>I]TZDM, a probe selective for A&#x003b2; plaques previously reported in the literature (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.16">16</a>). Studies of binding to A&#x003b2;-40 aggregates in solution and AD brain homogenates led to an inhibition constant (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub>) of 27 &#x000b1; 8 nM. The high lipophilicity (Log D value of 4.41 &#x000b1; 0.10 at pH 7.4) of FEM-IMPY might explain the relatively high nonspecific binding of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY to human AD brain homogenates (~50% of the total binding) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>).</p><p>Incubation of mouse brain homogenates with [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY at 37&#x000b0;C for various lengths of time resulted in radioactive polar and lipophilic metabolites and parent [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>). A mass spectrum analysis of the metabolites showed the presence of a dealkylated aromatic amino group, consistent with the fact that tertiary amino groups are unstable in an oxidative environment. Complete N-dealkylation of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY was not observed <i>in vitro</i>; the metabolism ended after the radioligand was degraded to ~10% conversion.</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20rodentia%5BMeSH%5D" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Cai et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>) performed <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution studies on 4 normal male ICR mice (2&#x02013;3 months-old) injected intravenously with a saline solution of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY [14.8&#x02013;16.5 MBq (0.4&#x02013;0.5 mCi)]. Results showed that the radiotracer easily penetrated the blood&#x02013;brain barrier, and a peak of the brain uptake [~6.4% injected dose/g (% ID/g)] was observed at 0.5 min after injection. This value compared well with [<sup>123,125</sup>I]IMPY (7.2% ID/g in 2 min). However, the washout of radioactivity for [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY in normal mice was found to be biphasic (rapid over the first 20 min and much slower thereafter), whereas a single-exponential washout was observed for [<sup>123,125</sup>I]IMPY. Residual brain radioactivity was 4.5% ID/g for [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY at 2 h after injection.</p><p>A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of homogenates of <i>ex vivo</i> mouse brain after injection of the radioligand showed that the residual activity represented polar metabolites (presumably a fluoride ion or a related small-molecule ionic species such as [<sup>18</sup>F]FCH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>&#x02013;</sup>) and was not the result of nonspecific binding. Lipophilicity of the ligands did not seem to play a role, and the contribution of the lipophilic intermediate was unclear at the time of the study. Given its low concentration observed both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, it might not have contributed significantly to the TACs.</p><p>Substantial bone uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY was observed in the skull. Substitution of the 4-ethylene protons by deuterium led to a 34% reduction of the radioactivity in the skull, while there was no effect on brain uptake or clearance of the radiotracer.</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20sheep%20OR%20pig%29" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20%28%28primate%20NOT%20human%29%20OR%20baboon%20OR%20monkey%29" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Cai et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>) performed brain PET scans on a male rhesus monkey (7.12 kg) after intravenous administration of 107.3 MBq (2.9 mCi) of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY. The experiment involved acquiring dynamic transaxial images over a period of 120 min with scan duration ranging from 30 s to 5 min.</p><p>Results showed a rapid increase of brain activity, with peak values of 0.26&#x02013;0.35% ID/g at 3&#x02013;6 min after injection. [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY appeared to be washed out of all brain regions in a similar fashion, with a monoexponential washout rate of 0.05&#x02013;0.09 min<sup>-1</sup> (0.0488 &#x000b1; 0.0020 min<sup>-1</sup> for the brain stem, 0.0606 &#x000b1; 0.0024 min<sup>-1</sup> for the frontal cortex, 0.0859 &#x000b1; 0.0037 min<sup>-1</sup> for the striatum, and 0.0488 &#x000b1; 0.0020 min<sup>-1</sup> for the cerebellum), which corresponds to a half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>) of 8&#x02013;14 min. Activity in bone increased exponentially and reached levels of ~0.1% ID kg/g, which is similar to residual activity in the brain and substantially less than what was observed in mice. The studies by Cai et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">12</a>) showed that the metabolism of [<sup>18</sup>F]FEM-IMPY was significantly slower in rhesus monkeys than in mice.</p></div></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&#x00026;db=pubmed&#x00026;details_term=FEM-IMPY%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="FEMIMPY18F.references"><h2 id="_FEMIMPY18F_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.1">Forstl H. , Kurz A.
Clinical features of Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">
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The relationship between amyloid and tau. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Mol Neurosci. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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Functional interactions of tau and their relevance for Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Alzheimer Res. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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PET imaging of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Neurol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(9):51927.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15324720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15324720</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.5">Bacskai B.J. , Hickey G.A. , Skoch J. , Kajdasz S.T. , Wang Y. , Huang G.F. , Mathis C.A. , Klunk W.E. , Hyman B.T.
Four-dimensional multiphoton imaging of brain entry, amyloid binding, and clearance of an amyloid-beta ligand in transgenic mice. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(21):124627.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC218780/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC218780</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14517353" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14517353</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.6">Wu C. , Pike V.W. , Wang Y.
Amyloid imaging: from benchtop to bedside. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Top Dev Biol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>:171213.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16338342" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16338342</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.7">Shoghi-Jadid K. , Small G.W. , Agdeppa E.D. , Kepe V. , Ercoli L.M. , Siddarth P. , Read S. , Satyamurthy N. , Petric A. , Huang S.C. , Barrio J.R.
Localization of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques in the brains of living patients with Alzheimer disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>10</strong>
</span>(1):2435.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11790632" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11790632</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.8">Klunk W.E. , Engler H. , Nordberg A. , Wang Y. , Blomqvist G. , Holt D.P. , Bergstrom M. , Savitcheva I. , Huang G.F. , Estrada S. , Ausen B. , Debnath M.L. , Barletta J. , Price J.C. , Sandell J. , Lopresti B.J. , Wall A. , Koivisto P. , Antoni G. , Mathis C.A. , Langstrom B.
Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. <span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Neurol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(3):30619.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14991808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14991808</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.9">Ono M. , Wilson A. , Nobrega J. , Westaway D. , Verhoeff P. , Zhuang Z.P. , Kung M.P. , Kung H.F.
11C-labeled stilbene derivatives as Abeta-aggregate-specific PET imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>30</strong>
</span>(6):56571.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12900282" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12900282</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.10">Ono M. , Kung M.P. , Hou C. , Kung H.F.
Benzofuran derivatives as Abeta-aggregate-specific imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(6):63342.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234587" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12234587</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.11">Kung M.P. , Hou C. , Zhuang Z.P. , Zhang B. , Skovronsky D. , Trojanowski J.Q. , Lee V.M. , Kung H.F.
IMPY: an improved thioflavin-T derivative for in vivo labeling of beta-amyloid plaques. <span><span class="ref-journal">Brain Res. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>956</strong>
</span>(2):20210.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445687" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12445687</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.12">Cai L. , Chin F.T. , Pike V.W. , Toyama H. , Liow J.S. , Zoghbi S.S. , Modell K. , Briard E. , Shetty H.U. , Sinclair K. , Donohue S. , Tipre D. , Kung M.P. , Dagostin C. , Widdowson D.A. , Green M. , Gao W. , Herman M.M. , Ichise M. , Innis R.B.
Synthesis and evaluation of two 18F-labeled 6-iodo-2-(4'-N,N-dimethylamino)phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as prospective radioligands for beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>47</strong>
</span>(9):220818.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4137392/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4137392</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15084119" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15084119</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.13">Kajigaeshi S. , Kakinami T. , Okamoto T. , Fujisaki S.
Synthesis of bromoacetyl derivatives by use of tetrabutylammonium tribromide. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. </span>1987;<span class="ref-vol">
<strong>60</strong>
</span>:11591160.</span></div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.14">Zhuang Z.P. , Kung M.P. , Wilson A. , Lee C.W. , Plossl K. , Hou C. , Holtzman D.M. , Kung H.F.
Structure-activity relationship of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as ligands for detecting beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(2):23743.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12519062" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12519062</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.15">Periasamy M. , Jayakumar K.N. , Bharathi P.
Aryltitanium species through the reaction of N,N-dialkylarylamines with TiCl(4): oxidative coupling, N-dealkylation, and reaction with electrophiles. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Org Chem. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(11):354850.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10843646" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10843646</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="FEMIMPY18F.EXTYLES.16">Zhuang Z.P. , Kung M.P. , Hou C. , Skovronsky D.M. , Gur T.L. , Plossl K. , Trojanowski J.Q. , Lee V.M. , Kung H.F.
Radioiodinated styrylbenzenes and thioflavins as probes for amyloid aggregates. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Med Chem. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
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</span>(12):190514.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11384236" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11384236</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23474/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23474/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23474" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23474" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">The MICAD Research Team. 6-Iodo-2-[4'-N-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)methylamino]phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. 2006 Dec 13 [Updated 2006 Dec 31]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23474/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23474.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (144K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.Background" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#FEMIMPY18F.references" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR &quot;Magnetic resonance imaging&quot; OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value="&quot;Hyperpolarized 13C&quot;">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value="&quot;Iron oxide&quot;">Iron oxide</option><option value="&quot;Nitroxide radicals&quot;">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="(&quot;Iron oxide&quot; AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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