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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23015_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23015_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/NC100692-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/LACTAL99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23015_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-deoxyglucose </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23015_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23015_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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||
<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
|
||
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 6, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">March 12, 2008</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="DG99mTc.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23015/table/DG99mTc.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__DG99mTc.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-deoxyglucose</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/24427976" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=24427976" alt="image 24427976 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Deoxyglucose</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Agent Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glucose transporter and hexokinases</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Target Category:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Specific binding and phosphorylation</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Method of detection:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) , Planar gamma imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Source of signal /contrast:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Activation:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Studies:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
|
||
<i>In vitro</i>
|
||
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
||
<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
|
||
</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="DG99mTc.Background"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><sup>99m</sup>Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-deoxyglucose (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG) is a radioligand developed for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of glucose utilization rates in normal and pathologic diseases that reflect tumor cell proliferation activities and viability (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). <sup>99m</sup>Tc is a gamma emitter with a physical half-life (<i>t</i><sub>½</sub>) of 6.02 h.</p><p>Movement of glucose into and out of cells is mediated by one or more members of the transport protein family of glucose transporters (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.2">2</a>). There are different classes of glucose transporters for two forms of glucose transport. SGLT1 and SGLT2 are sodium glucose cotransporters involved in secondary active transport, and GLUT1 to GLUT13 are facilitated glucose transporters (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.3">3</a>). They are similar in that they have a polypeptide chain of 500 amino acids. After glucose enters a living cell, phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase transforms the molecule to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). There are four hexokinase isoforms (HKI to HKIV) that exist in mammalian tissues (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.4">4</a>). The G-6-P isomerase then converts G-6-P into fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) by rearranging the carbonyl group from the C-1 to the C-2 position in the ring structure to enter further metabolic pathways. Cancer cells are known to have accelerated metabolism, high glucose consumption, and increased glucose uptake (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.5">5</a>). In humans, high levels of GLUT expression in tumors have been associated with poor survival. Increased HK activities have also been associated with metastatic disease.</p><p>Molecular imaging with glucose analogs is a useful tool in the detection, staging, and therapy response monitoring of various malignant neoplasms (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.6">6</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.7">7</a>). <a href="/books/n/micad/FDG/">2-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-<span class="small-caps">d</span>-glucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG)</a> was the first successful radiolabeled glucose analog developed for clinical positron emission tomography (PET) applications (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.8">8</a>). [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG, like glucose, is transported into cells by glucose transporters and is a substrate for hexokinase. However, it is converted to [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-6-phosphate ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-6-P), which cannot be further metabolized. [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-6-P is not a substrate for the G-6-P isomerase and therefore is metabolically trapped in the cell. The trapping of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-6-P within cells and tissues allows <i>in vivo</i> PET imaging of glucose utilization rates in normal and pathologic tissues. Because of the short <i>t</i><sub>½</sub> of <sup>18</sup>F and the requirement of cyclotron production, it is desirable to develop a gamma-emitter for SPECT imaging (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.9">9</a>). Early <sup>123</sup>I-labeled glucose analogs were either chemically unstable or poor substrates for hexokinase (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.6">6</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.10">10</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.11">11</a>). Bayly et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.12">12</a>) reported the successful synthesis of a glucosamine labeled with the tricarbonyls of <sup>99m</sup>Tc(I). Yang et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.13">13</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.14">14</a>) also demonstrated the feasibility of synthesis and imaging of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-ethylenedicysteine-deoxyglucose in rodents bearing tumors. These studies did not attempt to determine whether these glucose analogs actually followed the key steps in glucose metabolism. Chen et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.1">1</a>) developed a one-step <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG kit and showed tumor accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG in nude rats bearing MCF-7 human mammary tumors. However, the mechanism of tumor uptake was not investigated.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.Synthesis"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMKed</a>]</p><p>Chen et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.1">1</a>) reported the synthesis of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG from commercially available <span class="small-caps">d</span>-glucosamine hydrochloride. Briefly, thionyl chloride was first added dropwise to DTPA with stirring at 0ºC. The mixture was then continuously stirred in boiling water for 3 h and refluxed for 20 h. The mixture was distilled to remove excess thionyl chloride, and then dianhydride acylchloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and <span class="small-caps">d</span>-glucosamine hydrochloride were added. The reaction mixture was stirred in a boiling water bath for 24–48 h. DTPA-DG was isolated by dialysis or gel chromatography. Radiolabeling with <sup>99m</sup>Tc was performed by first preparing DTPA-DG reaction kits that contained 25 mg DTPA-DG and 0.5 mg stannous chloride. The pH was adjusted to 6.0. The shelf life of the kit lasted at least 3 months at 4ºC. At the time of radiolabeling, ~200−300 MBq (5.4−8.1 mCi) <sup>99m</sup>Tc pertechnetate was added to each kit, gently mixed, and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. The radiochemical purity was 99.2% at 30 min and remained >98.6% after 6 h.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><i>In vitro</i> cellular uptake assay of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG was performed with the MCD-7 cell line, with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA and [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG serving as the controls (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). Both <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG and [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG had significantly increased radioactivity localized in the cancer cells when compared with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA (<i>P</i><0.05). At 4 h after incubation, 0.5% of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG radioactivity was localized in the cells. In comparison, >0.6% [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG radioactivity was taken up by the cells.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="DG99mTc.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Chen et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#DG99mTc.REF.1">1</a>) injected 0.037−0.111 MBq (1−3 μCi) <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG intravenously into nude rats bearing MCF-7 tumors (right leg muscle ~6 mm in diameter) for biodistribution studies. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG was rapidly cleared from the blood and excreted by the kidneys. The tumor radioactivity levels (<i>n</i> = 3) were 5.12 ± 1.43 (10 min), 3.10 ± 0.87 (1 h), 2.10 ± 0.02 (2 h), 1.59 ± 0.04 (4 h), and 1.69 ± 0.03 (8 h). The tumor/blood ratios were 0.45 ± 0.09 (10 min), 1.29 ± 0.26 (1 h), 3.13 ± 0.63 (2 h), 3.24 ± 0.65 (4 h), and 3.38 ± 0.68 (8 h). The kidney radioactivity levels were 28.86 ± 8.88 (10 min), 10.63 ± 4.35 (1 h), 4.45 ± 0.98 (2 h), 4.22 ± 2.00 (4 h), and 1.99 ± 0.12 (8 h). The liver radioactivity levels were 5.20 ± 0.93 (10 min), 2.68 ± 0.32 (1 h), 2.76 ± 1.05 (2 h), 1.67 ± 0.29 (4 h), and 1.37 ± 0.47 (8 h). No significant radioactivity accumulation was found in other organs. In comparison, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG had tumor radioactivity levels of 2.84 ± 1.03 (10 min), 1.43 ± 0.65 (2 h), and 1.42 ± 0.12 (4 h). The tumor/blood ratios of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG were 1.58 ± 1.65 (10 min), 5.73 ± 2.78 (2 h), and 7.12 ± 2.12 (4 h).</p><p>Planar gamma imaging was conducted in nude rats bearing MCF-7 tumors. An i.v. dose of 11.1 MBq (0.3 mCi) <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG was administered to each rat. There was a marked increase in tumor radioactivity that enabled good visualization of the tumors at 2 and 4 h. The region of interest (ROI) ratios for tumor/nontumor were 2.46 ± 1.02 and 3.54 ± 1.36 at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. The kidneys, liver, and bladder were also visualized. Little radioactivity was observed in the thyroid gland and stomach, and the authors suggested that this indicated good <i>in vivo</i> stability of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA-DG. In comparison, the tumor/nontumor ratios for <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DTPA were 1.16 ± 0.02 and 1.14 ± 0.03 at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20rabbit%20OR%20pig%20OR%20sheep%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20%28primate%20NOT%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="DG99mTc.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%2899mTc-DTPA-DG%29%20OR%20%28technetium-99m-labeled%20deoxyglucose%29%29%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="DG99mTc.references"><h2 id="_DG99mTc_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.1">Chen Y. , Huang Z.W. , He L. , Zheng S.L. , Li J.L. , Qin D.L. Synthesis and evaluation of a technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-deoxyglucose complex ([99mTc]-DTPA-DG) as a potential imaging modality for tumors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Appl Radiat Isot. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>64</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):342–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16290170" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16290170</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.2">Brown G.K. Glucose transporters: structure, function and consequences of deficiency. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Inherit Metab Dis. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>23</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):237–46.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10863940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10863940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.3">Pauwels E.K. , Ribeiro M.J. , Stoot J.H. , McCready V.R. , Bourguignon M. , Maziere B. FDG accumulation and tumor biology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>25</strong>
|
||
</span>(4):317–22.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9639291" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9639291</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.4">Smith T.A. Mammalian hexokinases and their abnormal expression in cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Biomed Sci. </span>2000;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>57</strong>
|
||
</span>(2):170–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10912295" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10912295</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.5">Macheda M.L. , Rogers S. , Best J.D. Molecular and cellular regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins in cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Cell Physiol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>202</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):654–62.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15389572" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15389572</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.6">Gatley S.J. Labeled glucose analogs in the genomic era. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>44</strong>
|
||
</span>(7):1082–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12843225" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12843225</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.7">Abouzied M.M. , Crawford E.S. , Nabi H.A. 18F-FDG imaging: pitfalls and artifacts. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med Technol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>33</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):145–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16145222" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16145222</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.8">Fowler J.S. , Ido T. Initial and subsequent approach for the synthesis of 18FDG. <span><span class="ref-journal">Semin Nucl Med. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>32</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):6–12.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11839070" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11839070</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.9">Chen X. , Li L. , Liu F. , Liu B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of technetium-99m-labeled deoxyglucose derivatives as imaging agents for tumor. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioorg Med Chem Lett. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>16</strong>
|
||
</span>(21):5503–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16931003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16931003</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.10">Matte G. , Adam M. , Lyster D. Biological evaluation of 2-fluoro-2-[123I]iodo-mannose (FIM): biological evaluation of FIM. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>28</strong>
|
||
</span>(6):679–82.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11518649" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11518649</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.11">Kloster G. , Laufer P. , Wutz W. , Stocklin G. 75,77Br- and 123I-analogues of D-glucose as potential tracers for glucose utilisation in heart and brain. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Nucl Med. </span>1983;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>8</strong>
|
||
</span>(6):237–41.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6873102" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6873102</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.12">Bayly S.R. , Fisher C.L. , Storr T. , Adam M.J. , Orvig C. Carbohydrate conjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy: 99mTc(I) and 186Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes of N-(2'-Hydroxybenzyl)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>15</strong>
|
||
</span>(4):923–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15264883</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.13">Yang D.J. , Kim C.G. , Schechter N.R. , Azhdarinia A. , Yu D.F. , Oh C.S. , Bryant J.L. , Won J.J. , Kim E.E. , Podoloff D.A. Imaging with 99mTc ECDG targeted at the multifunctional glucose transport system: feasibility study with rodents. <span><span class="ref-journal">Radiology. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>226</strong>
|
||
</span>(2):465–73.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12563141" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12563141</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="DG99mTc.REF.14">Yang D. , Yukihiro M. , Yu D.F. , Ito M. , Oh C.S. , Kohanim S. , Azhdarinia A. , Kim C.G. , Bryant J. , Kim E.E. , Podoloff D. Assessment of therapeutic tumor response using 99mtc-ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Biother Radiopharm. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>19</strong>
|
||
</span>(4):443–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15453959" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15453959</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23015</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641222" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641222</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/NC100692-99mTc/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/LACTAL99mTc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23015/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23015/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23015" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23015" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Cheng KT. 99mTc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-deoxyglucose. 2007 Mar 6 [Updated 2008 Mar 12]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23015/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23015.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (136K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#DG99mTc.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#DG99mTc.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#DG99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#DG99mTc.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#DG99mTc.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#DG99mTc.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option 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