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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Cy7-Tetrameric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2008/05/13">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Kenneth T. Cheng">
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id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23178_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cy7-Tetrameric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide </span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub></div><p class="contribs">Cheng KT.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK23178_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figCy7TetramericRGDT1"><a href="/books/NBK23178/table/Cy7TetramericRGD.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobCy7TetramericRGDT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Cy7TetramericRGD.T1"><a href="/books/NBK23178/table/Cy7TetramericRGD.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobCy7TetramericRGDT1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
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<i>In vitro</i>
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Rodents
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</p></div></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Background"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Indocyanine 7 (Cy7)–tetrameric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (Cy7 E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>) is an integrin-targeted molecular imaging agent developed for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature and tumor angiogenesis (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>). Cy7 has a peak excitation wavelength of 743 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 767 nm.</p><p>Cellular survival, invasion, and migration control embryonic development, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and other physiologic processes (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.2" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.2">2</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.3" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.3">3</a>). Among the molecules that regulate angiogenesis are integrins, which comprise a superfamily of cell adhesion proteins that form heterodimeric receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.4" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.4">4</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.5" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.5">5</a>). These transmembrane glycoproteins consist of two noncovalently associated subunits, α and β (18 α- and 8 β-subunits in mammals), which are assembled into at least 24 α/β pairs. Several integrins, such as integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>, have affinity for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide motif, which is found in many ECM proteins. Expression of integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> receptors on endothelial cells is stimulated by angiogenic factors and environments. The integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> receptor is generally not found in normal tissue, but it is strongly expressed in vessels with increased angiogenesis, such as tumor vasculature. It is significantly upregulated in certain types of tumor cells and in almost all tumor vasculature. Molecular imaging probes carrying the RGD motif that binds to the integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> can be used to image tumor vasculature and evaluate angiogenic response to tumor therapy (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.6" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.6">6</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.7" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.7">7</a>).</p><p>Various RGD peptides in both linear and cyclic forms have been developed for <i>in vivo</i> binding to integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.8" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.8">8</a>). It has been hypothesized that cyclic RGD peptide may have a faster rate of receptor binding or a slower rate of dissociation from the integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> than linear single RGD peptides (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.9" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.9">9</a>). Wu et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.9" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.9">9</a>) proposed to evaluated whether a multimeric RGD peptide with >2 repeating cyclic RGD units would further enhance the affinity of the receptor-ligand interactions through a polyvalency effect. They also suggested that the increase in molecular size might prolong circulation time and reduce tumor washout rate. Optical imaging is an imaging method that utilizes light photons emitted from bioluminescence and fluorescence probes (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.7" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.7">7</a>). Depth penetration is one major limiting factor in <i>in vivo</i> optical imaging. Currently, <i>in vivo</i> optical imaging has wide applications in small animal imaging but only limited applications in large animal and human studies (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.10" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.10">10</a>). NIR fluorescence imaging (light range, 650−900 nm) has the advantages of relatively higher tissue penetration and lower autofluorescence from nontarget tissue. NIR fluorescent dyes conjugated RGD peptides such as <a href="/books/n/micad/RGDyK-Cy55/?report=reader">Cy5.5-c(RGDyK),</a> Cy5.5-c(RGDfK), and <a href="/books/n/micad/Cypate-GRD/?report=reader">Cyp-GRD</a> have been shown to visualize subcutaneously implanted integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>−positive tumors (<a href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.11">11-14</a>). Wu et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>) investigated the use of the NIR fluorescent dye Cy7−conjugated tetrameric RGD to detect tumor integrin expression. Cy7 was chosen because of its deeper tissue penetration, lower scattering effect, and lower background autofluorescence compared to Cy5.5. The polyvalency effect and suitable apparent size of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> appeared to make it a highly potent integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> probe.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Synthesis"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wu et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>) reported the synthesis of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> by using the monomeric cyclic RGD as the basic building block. Briefly, the fully protected linear pentapeptide H-D-Tyr(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Arg(Pbf)-Gly-Asp(OtBu)-OH was cleaved from the resin without affecting the side-chain protecting groups (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.15" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.15">15</a>). Head-to-tail cyclization was then carried out in <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide. All side-chain protecting groups were then removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at room temperature for 1 h. The resulting c(RGDyK) was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the preparation of the tetrameric E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>, Boc-Glu(OSu)-OSu was first prepared by mixing Boc-protected glutamic acid in <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide with <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 h. Boc-Glu(OSu)-OSu was obtained after this mixture was filtered to remove the dicyclohexylurea byproduct. c(RGDyK) was added to Boc-Glu(OSu)-OSu in <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide, and the pH was adjusted to 8.5. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and the Boc group was removed by TFA treatment to produce the dimeric E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> with a 95% yield. This procedure was repeated with E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> to produce the tetrameric E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> with a 92% yield.</p><p>Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> conjugate was synthesized by conjugation of monofunctional hydroxysuccinimide of Cy7 (Cy7-NHS) with the α-amino group of glutamine residue (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>). In this reaction, E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> in sodium borate buffer (pH 8.5) was mixed with Cy7-NHS in water at 4ºC. The reaction vessel was allowed to warm up to room temperature. TFA was added after 2 h of reaction, and the preparation was purified by HPLC to yield Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>. The Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> conjugate was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF) with a calculated molecular mass of 3,431.5 kDa.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The spectral properties of unconjugated Cy7 were reported to be 747 nm absorption maxima, 774 nm emission maxima, 0.28 quantum yield, and 200,000 M−<sup>1</sup>cm−<sup>1</sup> molar extinction coefficient (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.16" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.16">16</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.17" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.17">17</a>). The ultraviolet absorption and emission spectra of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> were similar to that of unconjugated Cy7 in aqueous solution (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>). No significant change in quantum yield was observed.</p><p><i>In vitro</i> receptor binding assays of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> with integrin-positive U87MG cells and <sup>125</sup>I-echistatin, an integrin-specific radioligand, gave an inhibition concentration value (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 23.1 ± 2.5 nM (<i>n</i> = 3) (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>). In comparison, the IC<sub>50</sub> values for the Cy7-c(RGDyK) monomer and the Cy7-E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> dimer were 70.1 ± 5.3 nM and 28.2 ± 2.8 nM, respectively. Cy7 conjugation appeared to cause minimal disturbance to receptor affinity. In comparison, the IC<sub>50</sub> values of <a href="/books/n/micad/FB-cRGDyK18F/?report=reader">fluorobenzoyl-c(RGDyK)</a> and fluorobenzoyl-E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> were reported to be 6.7 ± 0.5 nM and 3.5 ± 0.3 nM, respectively (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.18" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.18">18</a>). Similar results were observed with U87AMG cell-staining studies. Only a weak signal was detected when the cells were incubated with the unconjugated Cy7. The fluorescence intensity of the stained cells followed the order of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> > Cy7-E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> > Cy7-c(RGDyK)<sub>.</sub></p><p>Serum stability studies of incubating Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> at 37ºC in complete mouse serum indicated that the Cy7 conjugate remained stable for 24 h (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>).</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Wu et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1" rid="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">1</a>) conducted NIR fluorescence imaging of tumor integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> in mice bearing subcutaneous U87MG tumor. Each mouse received a dose of 500 pmol of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>. Fluorescence signal was clearly visualized in the tumor as early as 30 min. The fluorescence intensity in the tumor reached early maxima and slowly washed out. The tumor/normal tissue ratio (T/N) quantified by region of interest peaked at 2 h with a value of 4.35 ± 0.26 (<i>n</i> = 3). In comparison, the T/N ratios for Cy7-c(RGDyK) and Cy7-E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub> were 2.50 ± 0.15 and 2.72 ± 0.08, respectively. The kidneys were also visualized as because of renal clearance. Fluorescence signal intensities also originated in the liver and gastrointestinal tracts. Coinjection of 200 μg unconjugated c(RGDyK) per mouse reduced the T/N ratio of Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> at 2 h to 1.95 ± 0.02.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20%28dog%20OR%20rabbit%20OR%20pig%20OR%20sheep%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20%28primate%20NOT%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%28%28Cy7-tetrameric%20RGD%29%20OR%20%28fluorescence%20imaging%20of%20RGD%29%29%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>NCI R21 CA102123, NIBIB R21 EB001785, NCI SAIRP R24 CA93862, ICMIC P50 CA114747, NCI CCNE US4.</p></div><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.references"><h2 id="_Cy7TetramericRGD_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.1">Wu Y. , Cai W. , Chen X. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor integrin alpha v beta 3 expression with Cy7-labeled RGD multimers. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging Biol. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>8</strong>
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</span>(4):226–36.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1643841/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1643841</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16791749" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16791749</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.2">Jin H. , Varner J. Integrins: roles in cancer development and as treatment targets. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Cancer. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>90</strong>
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</span>(3):561–5.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2410157/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2410157</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14760364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14760364</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.3">Paulhe F. , Manenti S. , Ysebaert L. , Betous R. , Sultan P. , Racaud-Sultan C. Integrin function and signaling as pharmacological targets in cardiovascular diseases and in cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Pharm Des. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>11</strong>
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</span>(16):2119–34.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15974963" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15974963</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.4">Hood J.D. , Cheresh D.A. Role of integrins in cell invasion and migration. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Cancer. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>2</strong>
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</span>(2):91–100.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12635172" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12635172</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.5">Hwang R. , Varner J. The role of integrins in tumor angiogenesis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>18</strong>
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</span>(5):991–1006.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15474331" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15474331</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.6">Cai W. , Shin D.W. , Chen K. , Gheysens O. , Cao Q. , Wang S.X. , Gambhir S.S. , Chen X. Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nano Lett. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>6</strong>
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</span>(4):669–76.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16608262" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16608262</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.7">Massoud T.F. , Gambhir S.S. Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light. <span><span class="ref-journal">Genes Dev. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>17</strong>
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</span>(5):545–80.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12629038" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12629038</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.8">Haubner R. , Wester H.J. Radiolabeled tracers for imaging of tumor angiogenesis and evaluation of anti-angiogenic therapies. <span><span class="ref-journal">Curr Pharm Des. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>10</strong>
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</span>(13):1439–55.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134568" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15134568</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.9">Wu Y. , Zhang X. , Xiong Z. , Cheng Z. , Fisher D.R. , Liu S. , Gambhir S.S. , Chen X. microPET imaging of glioma integrin {alpha}v{beta}3 expression using (64)Cu-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>46</strong>
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</span>(10):1707–18.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16204722" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16204722</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.10">Bremer C. , Ntziachristos V. , Weissleder R. Optical-based molecular imaging: contrast agents and potential medical applications. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Radiol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>13</strong>
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</span>(2):231–43.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12598985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12598985</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.11">Wang W. , Ke S. , Wu Q. , Charnsangavej C. , Gurfinkel M. , Gelovani J.G. , Abbruzzese J.L. , Sevick-Muraca E.M. , Li C. Near-infrared optical imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in human tumor xenografts. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>3</strong>
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</span>(4):343–51.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15802051" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15802051</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.12">Kwon S. , Ke S. , Houston J.P. , Wang W. , Wu Q. , Li C. , Sevick-Muraca E.M. Imaging dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of an RGD-fluorescent dye conjugate targeted to alpha v beta 3 receptor expressed in Kaposi's sarcoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>4</strong>
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</span>(2):75–87.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16105505" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16105505</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.13">Achilefu S. , Bloch S. , Markiewicz M.A. , Zhong T. , Ye Y. , Dorshow R.B. , Chance B. , Liang K. Synergistic effects of light-emitting probes and peptides for targeting and monitoring integrin expression. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>102</strong>
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</span>(22):7976–81.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1142399/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1142399</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15911748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15911748</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.14">Chen X. , Conti P.S. , Moats R.A. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in brain tumor xenografts. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Res. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>64</strong>
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</span>(21):8009–14.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15520209" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15520209</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.15">Chen X. , Park R. , Shahinian A.H. , Bading J.R. , Conti P.S. Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of 125I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nucl Med Biol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>31</strong>
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</span>(1):11–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14741566" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14741566</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.16">Law B. , Curino A. , Bugge T.H. , Weissleder R. , Tung C.H. Design, synthesis, and characterization of urokinase plasminogen-activator-sensitive near-infrared reporter. <span><span class="ref-journal">Chem Biol. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>11</strong>
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</span>(1):99–106.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15112999" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15112999</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.17"><em>Fluorescence Screening Reagents</em><span><span class="ref-journal">18-1171-47 AA, Amersham Biosciences. p. 1-8. </span>2003</span></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="Cy7TetramericRGD.REF.18">Chen X. , Tohme M. , Park R. , Hou Y. , Bading J.R. , Conti P.S. Micro-PET imaging of alphavbeta3-integrin expression with 18F-labeled dimeric RGD peptide. <span><span class="ref-journal">Mol Imaging. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
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<strong>3</strong>
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</span>(2):96–104.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15296674" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15296674</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK23178_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kenneth T. Cheng</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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</div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 9, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">May 13, 2008</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Cheng KT. Cy7-Tetrameric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide. 2007 Mar 9 [Updated 2008 May 13]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/cFlFlFK-PEG-Cy7/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/FTP11-Cy7/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobCy7TetramericRGDT1"><div id="Cy7TetramericRGD.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23178/table/Cy7TetramericRGD.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Cy7TetramericRGD.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cy7-Tetrameric arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/24423395" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=24423395" alt="image 24423395 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cy7-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cy7-Tetrameric RGD peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Receptor binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Optical, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal/contrast:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indocyanine 7 (Cy7)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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