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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-superparamagnetic iron oxide-Cy7 nanoparticles" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2008/10/15" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="20641920" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23725/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-superparamagnetic iron oxide-Cy7 nanoparticles" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Kam Leung" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2008/10/15" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23725/" /><meta name="description" content="Optical fluorescence imaging is increasingly being used to obtain images of biological functions of specific targets in vitro and in small animals (1, 2). Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (700–900 nm) detection avoids the background fluorescence interference of natural biomolecules, providing a high contrast between target and background tissues. NIR fluorescence imaging is becoming a non-invasive alternative to radionuclide imaging in vitro and in small animals. The superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) structure is composed of ferric iron (Fe3+) and ferrous iron (Fe2+). The iron oxide particles are coated with a layer of dextran or other polysaccharide. These particles have large combined magnetic moments or spins, which are randomly rotated in the absence of an applied magnetic field. SPIO is used mainly as a T2 contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), though it can shorten both T1 and T2/T2* relaxation processes. SPIO particle uptake into the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is by endocytosis or phagocytosis. SPIO particles are also taken up by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and oligodendroglial cells. 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These particles have large combined magnetic moments or spins, which are randomly rotated in the absence of an applied magnetic field. SPIO is used mainly as a T2 contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), though it can shorten both T1 and T2/T2* relaxation processes. SPIO particle uptake into the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is by endocytosis or phagocytosis. SPIO particles are also taken up by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and oligodendroglial cells. 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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23725_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23725_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/sosironoxidecy7/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sosironoxideritc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23725_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-superparamagnetic iron oxide-Cy7 nanoparticles</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">CREKA-SPIO-Cy7</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23725_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23725_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Kam Leung</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, MD,
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<span class="before-email-separator"></span><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a>
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||
</div></div></div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">August 8, 2008</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">October 15, 2008</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="CREKA-SPIO.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23725/table/CREKA-SPIO.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__CREKA-SPIO.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-superparamagnetic iron oxide-Cy7 nanoparticles</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CREKA-SPIO-Cy7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peptide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clotted plasma proteins</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Binding</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal/contrast:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iron oxide, Cy7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li></ul>
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No structure is available in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Background"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CREKA+nanoparticle" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Optical fluorescence imaging is increasingly being used to obtain images of biological functions of specific targets <i>in vitro</i> and in small animals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.2">2</a>). Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (700–900 nm) detection avoids the background fluorescence interference of natural biomolecules, providing a high contrast between target and background tissues. NIR fluorescence imaging is becoming a non-invasive alternative to radionuclide imaging <i>in vitro</i> and in small animals. The superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) structure is composed of ferric iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) and ferrous iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>). The iron oxide particles are coated with a layer of dextran or other polysaccharide. These particles have large combined magnetic moments or spins, which are randomly rotated in the absence of an applied magnetic field. SPIO is used mainly as a T2 contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), though it can shorten both T1 and T2/T2* relaxation processes. SPIO particle uptake into the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is by endocytosis or phagocytosis. SPIO particles are also taken up by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and oligodendroglial cells. A variety of cells can also be labeled with these particles for cell trafficking and tumor-specific imaging studies (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.3">3</a>).</p><p>A multimodal nanoparticle probe that consists of a contrast agent and a NIR fluorochrome may provide consistent imaging information. SPIO is composed of iron nanoparticles that are 4–6 nm diameter with a hydrodynamic diameter with dextran coating of 50 nm. SPIO nanoparticles can be internalized by RES cells and have long circulating times within an animal body. The accumulation of nanoparticles in cells causes a reduction in signal intensity with T2-weighted (T2*W) spin-echo pulse sequences. NIR fluorochromes (e.g., Cy5.5) provide an improved optical (NIR) signal from tissue. <a href="/books/n/micad/CLIO-Cy55/">CLIO-Cy5.5</a> has been developed as a probe for multimodality imaging in small animals (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.4">4</a>).</p><p>A meshwork of clotted proteins that has been identified in tumor stroma and vessels is absent in normal tissues (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.5">5</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.6">6</a>). The tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala (CREKA) was identified with phage display screening in tumor-bearing mice with minimal binding to normal vessels (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.7">7</a>). CREKA was identified as a ligand that bound to the meshwork of clotted proteins in the tumor stroma and blood vessels. CREKA was conjugated to SPIO labeled with Cy7 (CREKA-SPIO-Cy7) to study <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution of the nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice. CREKA-SPIO-Cy7 is a multimodal imaging agent that consists of SPIO nanoparticles (MRI) with attachment of CREKA and Cy7 (NIR).</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Synthesis"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+synthesis" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Simberg et al. described the synthesis of CREKA-SPIO-Cy7 nanoparticles (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.7">7</a>). Cy7 was conjugated to amino-SPIO dextran-coated nanoparticles (~50 nm in diameter) <i>via</i> reaction with Cy7-<i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide, followed by reaction with a bifunctional linker <i>N</i>-[<i>a</i>-maleimidoacetoxy]succinimide ester and CREKA to form CREKA-SPIO-Cy7 nanoparticles. The multimodal CREKA-SPIO-Cy7 had ~2,000 Cy7 molecules and ~8,000 peptides per nanoparticle. The extinction coefficient of the Cy7 dye is ~100,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>M<sup>-1</sup>. The quantum yield is ~0.5. The absorption maximum of the Cy7 dye is 740–760 nm, and the emission maximum is 770–790 nm. Fluorescein was used instead of Cy7 for intravital fluorescence microscopy.</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+in+vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Simberg et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.7">7</a>) performed clot-binding assays with fluorescein-labeled CREKA-SPIO using murine and human plasma clots. Using fluorescence microscopy, CREKA-SPIO was found to bind to the clots, and CREKA inhibited the binding.</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Simberg et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CREKA-SPIO.REF.7">7</a>) performed <i>in vivo</i> confocal fluorescence microscopy in nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts after injection of CREKA-SPIO nanoparticles (1–4 mg/kg Fe). Little accumulation was observed in the tumors, whereas the RES tissues exhibited a high accumulation of CREKA-SPIO nanoparticles at 5–6 h. However, depletion of RES macrophages in the liver with clodronate- or Ni-liposomes prolonged the circulation of CREKA-SPIO five-fold in the blood and greatly increased the accumulation of CREKA-SPIO nanoparticles in the tumor blood vessels as compared with saline pretreatment. Less accumulation was observed in the liver after Ni-liposomal treatment. The iron content was ~six-fold greater in tumor vessels pretreated with Ni-liposomes. Up to 20% of the tumor vessel lumens were filled with fluorescence masses, which also stained positive for fibrin. Furthermore, no co-localization between fibrin and CREKA-SPIO was observed in the liver blood vessels. Little tumor accumulation was observed with control SPIO. Pretreatment with heparin, a strong clotting inhibitor, reduced tumor accumulation of CREKA-SPIO by >50%. Whole-body NIR imaging scans revealed a strong signal enhanced by CREKA-SPIO-Cy7 in the tumors and liver. However, only the tumor signal was inhibited by >50% with heparin pretreatment. MRI and CREKA blocking studies were not performed.</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+(dog+or+pig+or+sheep+or+rabbit)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+(primate%20not%20human)" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=CREKA+nanoparticle+human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>CA119355, CA099258</p></div><div id="CREKA-SPIO.references"><h2 id="_CREKA-SPIO_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.1">Achilefu S. Lighting up tumors with receptor-specific optical molecular probes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Technol Cancer Res Treat. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>3</strong>
|
||
</span>(4):393–409.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15270591" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15270591</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.2">Ntziachristos V. , Bremer C. , Weissleder R. Fluorescence imaging with near-infrared light: new technological advances that enable in vivo molecular imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Radiol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>13</strong>
|
||
</span>(1):195–208.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12541130" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12541130</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.3">Wang Y.X. , Hussain S.M. , Krestin G.P. Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur Radiol. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>11</strong>
|
||
</span>(11):2319–31.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11702180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11702180</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.4">Josephson L. , Kircher M.F. , Mahmood U. , Tang Y. , Weissleder R. Near-infrared fluorescent nanoparticles as combined MR/optical imaging probes. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>13</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):554–60.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12009946" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12009946</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.5">Dvorak H.F. , Senger D.R. , Dvorak A.M. , Harvey V.S. , McDonagh J. Regulation of extravascular coagulation by microvascular permeability. <span><span class="ref-journal">Science. </span>1985;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>227</strong>
|
||
</span>(4690):1059–61.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975602" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3975602</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.6">Pilch J. , Brown D.M. , Komatsu M. , Jarvinen T.A. , Yang M. , Peters D. , Hoffman R.M. , Ruoslahti E. Peptides selected for binding to clotted plasma accumulate in tumor stroma and wounds. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>103</strong>
|
||
</span>(8):2800–4.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1413849/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1413849</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16476999" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16476999</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CREKA-SPIO.REF.7">Simberg D. , Duza T. , Park J.H. , Essler M. , Pilch J. , Zhang L. , Derfus A.M. , Yang M. , Hoffman R.M. , Bhatia S. , Sailor M.J. , Ruoslahti E. Biomimetic amplification of nanoparticle homing to tumors. <span><span class="ref-journal">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">
|
||
<strong>104</strong>
|
||
</span>(3):932–6.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1783417/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1783417</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17215365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17215365</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23725</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641920" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641920</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/sosironoxidecy7/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/sosironoxideritc/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23725/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23725/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23725" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23725" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Leung K. Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-superparamagnetic iron oxide-Cy7 nanoparticles. 2008 Aug 8 [Updated 2008 Oct 15]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23725/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23725.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (124K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.NIH_Support" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">NIH Support</a></li><li><a href="#CREKA-SPIO.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
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europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option 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/><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=1504104" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1504104" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641679" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Cy5.5-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticle.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Cy5.5-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticle.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641544" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Try-Glu) conjugated to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.</a><span 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Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Asn.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641914" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Octreotide conjugated to pegylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Octreotide conjugated to pegylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641275" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Sialy Lewis(x) mimetic conjugated to pegylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Sialy Lewis(x) mimetic conjugated to pegylated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=20641920" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=20641920" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" 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